Welcome to Manure Du Jour Season II
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1 Welcome to Manure Du Jour Season II Serving Pennsylvania s Best Practices for Animal Ag-, Air- and Water Quality Protection Innovative Technologies for Manure Application and Manure Expo 2010 Preview Dr. Pete Kleinman, USDA ARS Pasture System & Watershed Management Robb Meinen, Penn State Dairy & Animal Sciences Moderator: Kristen Saacke Blunk Penn State Agriculture & Environment Center
2 Manure Du Jour April 15, 2010 Peter Kleinman USDA ARS Pasture System & Watershed Management
3 Advances in manure application for the Chesapeake Bay Watershed Peter Kleinman Pasture and Watershed Lab USDA-ARS University Park, PA Curtis Dell Pasture and Watershed Lab USDA-ARS University Park, PA Doug Beegle Dept. Crop and Soils Penn State University Park, PA Arthur Allen Dept. Agriculture Univ. Maryland Eastern Shore Princess Anne, MD
4 Manure trade-offs: To till or not to till? Chesapeake Bay Loads Urban/In-stream manure incorporation sediment 60% Natural Agriculture benefits of no-till No till increases N volatilization Tillage increases erosion P loss No-till increases soluble P loss Tillage reduces odor No-till increases leaching losses
5 Getting manure off the surface without resorting to full blown tillage Liquid manure applicators Dry manure applicators Aeration Disk injection Anti-leaching sweeps Pressure injection Solid injection Subsurface applicators
6 Equipment for perennial forages Sleigh foot Shallow injection Trailing hose Eco slit Trailing shoe Aerator High pressure
7 Liquid manure application trials no-till corn Broadcast Tillage Rock Springs, PA Princess Anne, MD Aerator Shallow disk PDA, USDA-CIG, PA Pork Producers grants Anti-leaching sweeps High pressure
8 Broadcast application 6000 gal/ac Surface
9 Shallow disk injection 6000 gal/ac 30 in (adjustable) Shallow Disk 4 in
10 High pressure injection 6000 gal/ac 6 in 10 in 3 in High Pressure 3 in
11 Aerator w/banded manure No manure 6000 gal/ac 6 in 3 in 6 in Aerator
12 Aeration variations Banded Manure After Aerator at 0 angle Banded Manure After Aerator at 10 angle Straight Manure Before Aerator at 0 Angled Manure Before Aerator at 10 angle Courtesy T. Myers, Penn State
13 Residue cover (%) Rock Springs Trials ( average) Manure No manure Chisel Plow Pressure Disk Aeration Surface
14 Ammonia-N Loss (lbs/ac) Rock Springs Trials ( average) % less 24% less 20 99% less 84% less 79% less 0 No manure Chisel Plow Pressure Disk Aeration Surface Data courtesy C. Dell, USDA-ARS
15 Ammonia: more manure on the surface, more ammonia emitted Ammonia emission (kg/ha) Dairy manure (6,000 gal/ac) Manure on soil surface (mg/m 2 ) Data courtesy C. Dell, USDA-ARS
16 Phosphorus: more on the surface, more dissolved phosphorus in runoff Dissolved P (mg/l) Water extractable P on surface (mg)
17 Farm net returen ($/cow) Economics Integrated Farming Systems Model $775 $750 $725 $700 $675 Pennsylvania 100 cow dairy Chisel Plow Disk Data courtesy A. Rotz, USDA-ARS Aeration Surface
18 Manure discharges to tile lines
19 Macropore flow Photos courtesy M. Shipitalo, USDA-ARS
20 DSI Ag s Preferential Flow Stopper Flow splitter Tillage wings 8,000 gal/ac Splitter ensures even distribution of slurry across furrow, lower vertical pressure Wings mix slurry with soil Mixing breaks macropore connection
21 Tillage and leaching losses (first 8 months after liquid swine manure application, 2008) 3 Total P loss in leachate (lbs/ac/yr) 2 Chronic transfer Manure from P surface soil 1 0 No manure Shallow injection Anti-leach sweeps Surface application
22 Solid/semi-solid technologies (2005) Prairie Machinery Institute Booneville, AR (ARS) Auburn, AL (ARS)
23 Prairie Ag Machinery Institute Flexible augers
24 Generation 1: ARS s Auburn litter applicator Photos courtesy T. Way, USDA-ARS
25 Generation 1: ARS s Auburn litter applicator Litter chute No-till disk trencher Closing disks
26 Application rate: <1 to 8 tons/acre Variable row spacing injectors 4 open trench (closing disks raised)
27 Corn yield (bu/ac) P runoff (lbs/ac) Subsurface application of dry manure in notill and perennial forage soils 0.50 PA sod, one event Subsurface Surface Generation 1 Subsurface applicator MD NOAA CICEET Grant 0 No manure Disk Subsurface Surface
28 Two generations of technology Generation 1 Gen 2 (the Subsurfer)
29 Change in furrow spacing and litter delivery system Generation 1 Hopper Gen 2 (the Subsurfer) Wagon Belt delivery Auger delivery 30 in (variable) 12 in
30 Chesapeake Stewardship Fund Project Upper Susquehanna Mahantango Conewago Upper Potomac Delmarva Watersheds ARS Subsurfer Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Grant (USDA-ARS, Penn State, Univ. Delaware, Univ. Maryland, Virginia Tech, Cornell, Baron & Bros. Int.)
31 Adapt ARS s Subsurfer to the conditions of the Chesapeake Watershed Upper Susquehanna Mahantango Composted cattle manure Conewago Litter Upper Potomac Delmarva Watersheds Build 4 Subsurfers (PA, NY, VA, MD/DE) 1. assess agronomic/environ. performance 2. engineering revisions by BBI Inc.
32 Equipment Costs Liquid (12 toolbar) Shallow disk ($9,000) Aeration ($18,000+$5,000 chopper) High pressure ($25,000) Anti-leaching sweeps ($9,000) Solid Subsurfer ($44,000 custom build)
33 Alternatives to broadcasting manure in no-till slower require more horsepower (up to 30%) equipment costs more contract application with injectors costs more Greater nutrient use efficiency = lower application rates
34 Manure nutrients = sustainable livestock agriculture US Ag > 50% N imported Middle East Ukraine China Trinidad and Tobago US Ag > 80% K imported Belarus Russia Canada Global P sources Canada Cordell et al., 2009
35 Executive Order and 2010 Chesapeake Bay TMDL Wastewater Forests P 27% 18% Agric. Manures Urban/Suburban Agric. Fertilizers Wastewater Forests Urban/ Suburban N 19% 18% Agric. Fertilizers Agric. Manures
36 Summary Improved application of manure can increase nutrient use efficiency and lower environmental losses New technologies are emerging Need to account for site-specific concerns Manure application involves trade-offs
37 2010 Manure Expo Balancing Production and Conservation Thursday, July 15 Ag Progress Days Fairgrounds Pennsylvania Furnace, PA (814) Robb Meinen, Expo Chair,
38 Manure Du Jour April 15, 2010 Robb Meinen Penn State Department of Dairy & Animal Sciences
39
40 What is the Manure Expo? Founded in Wisconsin in 2001 by request of the commercial manure application industry. The industry wished for a venue where they could conduct sideby-side technology demonstrations and kick the tires. Wisconsin, 2001 Humble beginnings would grow with good reason.
41 3 goals The Expo combines 3 attractions into 1 event. 1. Industry trade show. 2. Manure technology demonstrations. 3. Educational events.
42 Local Regional National Wisconsin, 2003 Spill Response Demo planned for 2010 as well.
43 Minnesota, 2005 Indoor presence grows.
44 Michigan, ,500+ Attend
45 Wisconsin MANURETECH 2007
46 Ohio, 2008 The Economics of Recycling
47 Iowa, 2009
48 Pennsylvania, 2010 Expert presenters from: Penn State Virginia Tech U of Maryland U of Delaware Cornell U of Maine USDA ARS More
49 2010 Manure Expo Agenda Time Session 1 Session 2 Session 3 Session 4 Session 5 8:00 9:00 10:00 Gates Open - Exhibitors available all day Educational Sessions Educational Sessions 11:00 12:00 1:30 Dry Equipment Demonstrations Free Time-Visit Exhibitors Educational Sessions 2:30 4:00 Liquid Equipment Demonstrations Confined Space Safety and Spill Response Demo 5:00 Expo Ends
50 2010 Manure Expo Agenda Manure application in No-till Alfalfa/Legumes Cover Crops Winter application Spreader calibration Manure application odor Soil compaction Regulations/Ches Bay policy Nutrient trading & innovative community projects
51 2010 Manure Expo Agenda In-house poultry litter mgmt In-field storage of manure Manure mgmt & flies Using dairy solids as bedding Alternative treatments of manure Mortality composting Spill response & safety Tours & more PA One Stop workshops Soil Pit Sinkhole tour
52 2010 Manure Expo Balancing Production and Conservation Please spread the word. Please attend. July 15, 2010 Ag Progress Days site Please visit our website: Robb Meinen (814)
53 Question and Answers Recordings of this session will be posted at Pete Kleinman Robb Meinen
54 What s ahead for season II? Next Manure du jour April 22, Linking Livestock & Renewable Energy Dave Dunn, Cow Power Coordinator for Central Vermont Public Service Paul Patterson, Penn State Poultry Science Full schedule for the Manure du jour program:
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