Manitoba weed resistance update Results of the 2016 field survey and management questionnaire

Transcription

1 Manitoba weed resistance update Results of the 2016 field survey and management questionnaire Hugh J. Beckie and Julia Y. Leeson Saskatoon Research & Development Centre

2 Top 10 weeds in Manitoba: 2016 survey (pre-harvest, 659 fields) 10: Malva pusilla (round-leaved mallow) (17 th in 2002) 9: Volunteer wheat (12 th in 2002) 8: Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot pigweed) (6 th in 2002) 7: Taraxacum officinale (dandelion) (9 th in 2002) 6: Setaria pumila/glauca (yellow foxtail) (32 nd in 2002) 5: Volunteer canola (10 th in 2002) 4: Avena fatua (wild oat) (2 nd in 2002) 3: Echinochloa spp. (barnyard grass spp.) (4 th in 2002) 2: Polygonum convolvulus (wild buckwheat) (3 rd in 2002) 1: Setaria viridis (green foxtail) (no change)

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4 Unique HR weed cases YT BC 1 NT NV AB SK MB ON QC NF&LD NB PE NS

5 The rising incidence of HR weeds in western Canada M ha / M ac surveys: 4.4 / surveys: 9.9 / surveys: 15.4 / 38.0 (projected)

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7 Submissions to the CPL Samples (no.) Year

8 Submissions to the CPL: by province Samples (no.)

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28 2016 Manitoba HR weed survey 151 fields in 74 municipalities Fields Wheat: 47 Barley: 6 Oat: 6 Corn: 7 Canola: 45 Flax: 8 Soybean: 30 Sunflower: 2

29 2016 Manitoba HR weed survey 102 of 151 fields have an HR weed (68%) This compares with 48% in 2008 and 32% in 2002 in Manitoba The recent Saskatchewan survey (2014/15) indicated 57% of fields with an HR weed

30 MB 2016 HR weed survey: grass weed resistance HR biotype # fields total fields sampled % # municipalities (74) Gp 1 wild oat Gp 2 wild oat Gp 1+2 wild oat Gp 1 green foxtail Gp 2 green foxtail Gp 1+2 green foxtail Gp 1 yellow foxtail Gp 2 yellow foxtail Gp 1+2 yellow foxtail Gp 2 barnyard grass

31 Yellow foxtail: the surprise! Yellow foxtail Green foxtail

32 MB 2016 HR weed survey: BL weed resistance HR biotype # fields total fields sampled % # municipalities (74) Gp 2 cleavers Gp 2 wild mustard Gp 2 redroot pigweed Gp 2 shepherd s-purse

33 Baseline GR kochia survey in Saskatchewan in 2013: 17 of 342 sites (5%) * Montana North Dakota

34 2013 Manitoba: 2 of 283 sites sampled USA

35 GR kochia seed persistence, Lethbridge Viable kochia seed (%) Oct. 15 T 50 =208 d T 90 =235 d Time In (d)

36 GR kochia seed persistence, Scott, SK Viable kochia seed (%) Oct. 15 T 50 =213 d T 90 =228 d Time In (d)

37 GR kochia germination Cumulative germination (%) Time (d)

38 GR kochia: early growth Cumulative first leaf (%) Time (d)

39 Multiple-resistant wild oat Year Crop Wild oat herbicides 2004 Wheat clodinafop 2005 Wheat fenoxaprop 2006 LL Canola glufosinate/clethodim + clethodim 2007 Barley pinoxaden + tralkoxydim 2008 Barley imazamethabenz 2009 RR Canola 2010 Wheat glyphosate + glyphosate triallate/trifluralin + clodinafop 2011 Field pea ethalfluralin + quizalofop 2012 Wheat pyroxsulam 2013 LL Canola Glufosinate/clethodim flucarbazone (2) imazamethabenz (2) pyroxsulam (2) pinoxaden (1) clodinafop (1) tralkoxydim (1) % Resistant Seeds

40 Wheat & barley herbicide options: Gp 1+2-resistant wild oat Altitude FX (FX2) (CL) imazamox (2) Assert imazamethabenz (2) Aurora clodinafop (1) Avadex triallate (8) PRE Avert imazamethabenz (2) Axial (ipak, Xtreme) pinoxaden (1) Bengal WB fenoxaprop (1) Bison tralkoxydim (1) Broadband pinoxaden (1) Bullwhip clodinafop (1) Cordon fenoxaprop (1) Cougar fenoxaprop (1) Everest GBX (2.0) flucarbazone (2) HellCat fenoxaprop (1) Horizon NG clodinafop (1) Ladder clodinafop (1) Foax clodinafop (1) Foothills NG clodinafop (1) Fortress MicroActiv trifluralin (3), triallate (8) -PRE Inferno Duo fluracarbazone (2) Liquid achieve tralkoxydim (1) Marengo tralkoxydim (1) NextStep NG clodinafop (1) Nufarm Tralkoxydim Liquid tralkoxydim (1) Predicade thiencarbazone (2) Puma Advance fenoxaprop (1) Sierra 2.0 flucarbazone (2) Signal (FSU) clodinafop (1) Simplicity 30 OD (GoDRI) pyroxsulam (2) Slam R clodinafop (1) Traxos (Two) pinoxaden + clodinafop (1) Tundra fenoxaprop (1) Varro thiencarbazone (2) Velocity m3 thiencarbazone (2) Vigil WB fenoxaprop (1) WildCat fenoxaprop (1)

41 Top 10 HRWM practices 10: Maintaining a database: invaluable reference 9: Strategic tillage: if, where, or when needed 8: Field & site-specific weed mgmt: 1 size may not fit all 7: Weed sanitation:border control and slowing HR dispersal 6: In-crop wheat-selective herbicide rotation: combating NTSR 5: Herbicide gp rotation: avoid back-to-back in-crop gp 1 or 2 4: Herbicide mixtures/sequences: better than rotations 3: Pre- and post-herbicide scouting: know your enemy 2: Competitive crops & practices that promote competitiveness: natural biological control 1: Crop diversity

42 Top 10 weed management practices 2015 SK grower questionnaire (n = 600 respondents) Scouting: before in-crop tmt POST herbicide tmt Herbicide tmts overall Crop rotation Scouting: before PRE tmt Tank-mixing herbicides Scouting: before fall tmt Herbicide SOA rotation PRE herbicide tmt Scouting: after in-crop tmt Adoption (%)

43 Weed management practices: # Scouting: after PRE tmt Grow competitive crops Scouting: after fall tmt Sanitation: tarping truck box Fall herbicide tmt Pre-harvest herbicide tmt Increase seeding rate Competitive crop varieties Sanitation: cleaning equipment Narrow crop row spacing Adoption (%)

44 Top 10 weed management practices 2016 MB grower questionnaire (n = 108 respondents) Adoption (%)

45 Weed management practices: # Adoption (%)

46 HRWM practices 2015 SK grower questionnaire (n = 250 respondents) Crop rotation Herbicide SOA rotation Tank-mixing herbicides PRE herbicide tmt Adoption (%) Overall, those with HR weeds rely more on herbicides at all application windows, and have greater adoption of: scouting before in-crop herbicide treatment tank-mixing herbicides herbicide SOA rotation growing weed-competitive crops increasing crop seeding rates vs. those without resistance

47 HRWM practices 2016 MB grower questionnaire (n = 48 respondents) Adoption (%) Overall, those with HR weeds rely more on herbicides at all application windows, and have greater adoption of: scouting before in-crop herbicide treatment tank-mixing herbicides herbicide SOA rotation growing weed-competitive crops tillage vs. those without resistance

48 The cost of weed resistance in Saskatchewan: 2015 % of respondents (250-SK) No additional cost 7 $10/ac or less 41 ($24.70/ha or less) $11 - $20/ac 23 (- $49.40/ha) $21 - $30/ac 11 (- $74.10/ha) $31 - $40/ac 6 (- $98.80/ha) $41 50 /ac 4 (- $123.50/ha) Unknown cost 8 Mean cost = $12 per acre or $30 per hectare

49 The cost of weed resistance in Manitoba: 2016 % of respondents (50-MB) No additional cost 5 $10/ac or less 56 ($24.70/ha or less) $11 - $20/ac 23 (- $49.40/ha) $21 - $30/ac 9 (- $74.10/ha) $31 - $40/ac 7 (- $98.80/ha) $41 50 /ac 0 (- $123.50/ha) Unknown cost 0 Mean cost = $11 per acre or $27 per hectare

50 Annual crop area: 70 M ac Alberta Saskatchewan Manitoba Top 5 crops (M ac) Canola: 22.8 Wheat: 21.2 Barley: 5.5 Lentil: 4.4 Field pea: 4.1

51 HR canola in rotation: - ca. ½ RR; ½ LL ( crop years) (220 respondents) % Canola 1 in 2 yr 46 Canola 1 in 3 yr 23 Canola 1 in 4 yr or less 17 Continuous canola 4 No canola 10 Net return: $/ac (2017): Wheat: 95 Canola: 178 Barley (malt): 69 Lentil: 275 Field pea: 103

52 Alberta fall, 2017 fall, 2015 fall, 2016

53 Conclusions Continual weed resistance surveillance via field surveys and submission sample testing is a continuing high priority Present (kochia) and future weeds (?) with glyphosate resistance is and will be an important focal point of research BUT. overall, wild oat (multiple) resistance will continue to be the #1 HR weed problem across western Canada Consistent application of BMPs is the best long-term strategy (tortoise vs. hare fable) W. Canada producers are now using a number of these BMPs but we need new tools soon!