DETERMINANTS OF AGRO-PASTORALISTS PARTICIPATION IN CATTLE ATTENDING PACKAGE AT FENTALE WOREDA, THE CASE OF EAST SHOWA ZONE, ETHIOPIA

Transcription

1 DETERMINANTS OF AGRO-PASTORALISTS PARTICIPATION IN CATTLE ATTENDING PACKAGE AT FENTALE WOREDA, THE CASE OF EAST SHOWA ZONE, ETHIOPIA Gurmessa Umeta and Danel Temesgen Adam Tulu Agrcultural Research Center, P.O.Box: 35, Zeway, Ethopa, e-mal: ABSTRACT The study tred to look nto partcpaton of agro-pastoralsts n cattle fattenng package at Fentale Woreda of East Showa Zone, Ethopa wth two objectves namely; assessng of agro-pastoralsts partcpaton n cattle fattenng package and analyzng factors affectng agro-pastoralsts partcpaton n cattle fattenng package. Probablty samplng technques were employed to select Kebeles and respondents. A total of 140 respondents were drawn randomly from the sampled Kebeles for ntervew based on PPS. A combnaton of data collecton technques lke household ntervew schedule and PRA technques lke FGD and key nformant ntervews were employed to collect qualtatve and quanttatve data. Descrptve statstcs lke frequences, mean and standard devatons was employed. Bnary logstc regresson mode was used to dentfy determnants of partcpaton. Based on the study result, the majorty of respondents (77.1%) dd not partcpate n mproved cattle fattenng package whereas few respondents (22.9%) ever partcpated on cattle fattenng actvty. Bnary logstc regresson model showed that three varables namely; fattenng experence, access to credt servce and tranng are found to be sgnfcantly nfluencng agro pastoralsts partcpaton n cattle fattenng package respectvely at 10%, 5% and 1% probablty levels. Therefore, the study recommends that approprate cattle fattenng extenson package needs to be adopted at the Woreda by relevant stakeholders workng n the area through payng attenton to these factors. Key words: Cattle, Fattenng, Partcpaton, Package 205

2 {Ctaton: Gurmessa Umeta, Danel Temesgen. Determnatons of agro-pastoralsts partcpaton n cattle attendng package at Fentale Woreda, the case of East Showa Zone, Ethopa. Amercan Journal of Research Communcaton, 2013, 1(8): }, ISSN: LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ATARC Adam Tulu Agrcultural Research Center CSA Central Statstcal Agency DA Development Agent EEA Ethopan Economcs Assocaton EPaRDA Ethopan Pastoral Research and Development Assocaton FDRE Federal Democratc Republc of Ethopa FGD Focused Group Dscusson MoA Mnstry of Agrculture WoARD Woreda of Offce Agrculture and Rural Development PPS PRA Probablty Proportonate to Sze Partcpatory Rural Apprasal 206

3 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background of the Study The productvty of lvestock n Ethopa n general and beef producton n partcular s extremely low n terms of mlk, meat producton and draught power output (Azage and Alemuet al., 1998), manly because of nadequate nutrton, unmproved genetc resources and prevalence of dseases and parastes, nadequate lvestock educaton, nadequate research and extenson servces. Beef producton of the country s characterzed as extensve low nput system n conjuncton wth crop producton, as a result of whch, beef producton and productvty are very low as compared to the world average (MoA, 1998). Cattle fattenng extenson package s among the lvestock producton package adopted n Ethopa under extenson program. Cattle fattenng extenson component adopted n the country ncludes; purchased or farmers owned ndgenous cattle, anmal and feedng system, anmal health and housng, selecton of fattenng anmals, fattenng perod and marketng of fattened anmals. Adopton of cattle fattenng extenson package of the country vares across the regons. Accordng to EEA (2004/5), adopton of cattle fattenng extenson package s relatvely strong for Dre Dawa admnstratve zone followed by Somal and Oroma regons. At Fentale Woreda, some efforts lke tranng and demonstraton on cattle fattenng extenson package have been undertaken by WoARD, NGOs and research center to ntroduce mproved cattle fattenng package. Even though some efforts has been undertakng to ntroduce cattle fattenng packages n the country n general and at the study area n partcular, no/ few research fndngs avalable whch dentfed determnants of agro-pastoralsts partcpaton n cattle fattenng package. The prevous research fndng avalable s manly focused on partcpaton of farmers across the country.an effort to ncrease agro pastoralsts partcpaton s therefore requres understandng of the exstng stuatons whch can nfluence partcpaton. Therefore, ths pece of study s tred to dentfy agro-pastoralsts partcpaton and factors affectng partcpaton whch fnally helps to narrow the exstng gaps. 207

4 1.2. Objectves To assess agro-pastoralsts partcpaton n cattle fattenng technologes To assess determnants of agro-pastoralsts partcpaton n cattle fattenng technologes 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1. Cattle Fattenng Systems n Ethopa Tradtonal type of fattenng system Cattle are kept manly for draft power, mlk, and manure producton and are usually only sold when they are too old for these purposes, or drought or cash shortages force people to sell. Oxen are usually sold after the plowng season when they are n poor condton. Meat yeld are low, the beef s poor qualty and farmer returns are often nadequate to buy a replacement oxen (MoA, 2002) Product-based type of fattenng system In 1984, Mnstry of Agrculture (MoA) began to help peasant farmers n Debre Zet area to fatten purchased cull oxen usng molasses and mllng by- products. Ths has produced proftable results for partcpant farmers, and the number of anmals fattened has ncreased every year (MoA, 1996).The man source of feed s agro-by products lke wheat bran and lnseed cake Hararghe type of fattenng system Intensve feedng of the avalable feed supply to young oxen they are usng for draught power could best descrbe the Hararghe fattenng practce. The feed types used for the fattenng are entrely obtaned from crop producton especally from maze and sorghum. Pagot (1992) substantated that n Ethopa the farmers fatten young bullocks at the edge of the felds wth lower leaves taken from the stems of sorghum. Among the most 208

5 common feed types used for fattenng, thnnng, leaf strp and part of maze and sorghum plants are major feeds offered to fattenng anmal durng the man and early dry seasons Emprcal Studes on the Determnants of Adopton of Improved technology and Fattenng package Insttutonal factors There s growng evdence that the major factor explanng low adopton of technology n Afrca s lack of approprate nsttutonal and polcy support (Kedr, 1998). As reported by van Den Ban and Hawkns (1998), adopton of mproved technologes s strongly affected by the polcy envronment lke nput supply, market, credt, prce polces and mproved supply system. Accordng to Feder(1985), adopton of new technologes s assocated wth avalablty of credt. Musaba (2010) dentfed that level of educaton, partcpaton n off-farm and non-farm actvtes and tranng are among the factors postvely nfluencng partcpaton of households n beef producton. A study conducted by Makokha (1999) confrmed that partcpaton of households n extenson events lke tranng has sgnfcant nfluence on percepton and hence adopton decson of farmers. Soco-economc factors Soco-economc factors are one of the determnant factors n lvestock producton nnovaton. A study conducted by Rachel (2010) on determnants of adopton of management practces n stocker cattle producton dentfed that, adopton of beef producton technology s nfluenced by farm sze. Other studes conducted by Roessalet.al., (2010)found that farmers capacty to adopt beef producton package for ncreasng cattle productvty depends on resources avalable, soco-economc characterstcs, and external factors that was uncontrolled by farmers. Moreover, ths author dentfed that number of famly labor and lvestock herd sze are the factors postvely nfluencng beef cattle package adopton. Other studes lke Musaba (2010) dentfed that level of educaton, partcpaton n off-farm actvty and tranng are among the factors affectng Partcpaton of households n beef producton. 209

6 Demographc factors Age has a negatve effect on adopton of farmng technologes n a study by Daberkow and McBrde (2003). Haj, 2003 reported postve relatonshp between age and adopton behavor of farmers. However, a study conducted by Bulale (2000) ndcates that age had no nfluence on adopton of dary producton technologes n adopton of dary producton technologes. A study conducted by Rachel et. al.,(2010) on determnants of adopton of management practces n stocker cattle producton dentfed that, adopton of beef producton technology s nfluenced by household age and level of educaton. Other study conducted by Musaba, (2010) on determnants of beef adopton stated that, household level of educaton s one of the varables postvely nfluencng of adopton. Personal related factors One of the obstacles frequently encountered n the farmng busness was rsk and uncertanty aspects, whch should be consdered n makng decson to adopt mproved technology. Accordng to Meuwssenet. al., (2001) prce and producton rsk are perceved as mportant sources of rsk, whle Pasarbu and Syukur (2010) reported that the rsk adversely affected the current and future farmers decson to ncrease producton and ncome. Dfferent author lkeroessalet.al.,(2010) dentfed that, percepton towards rsks has negatve nfluence on adopton of beef technology. Mass meda exposure The effectveness of extenson servce and other communcaton meda s an nfluencng factor n the use of mproved technologes (Chlot, 1996). Accordng to Feder(1985), adopton of new technologes s assocated wth access to avalable sources of nformaton Conceptual Framework of the Study The conceptual frame work was developed to analyze factors affectng of agropastoralsts partcpaton n cattle fattenng package. Factors lke soco-economc, 210

7 demographc, personal and nsttutonal factors are hypotheszed to nfluence agropastoralsts partcpaton n cattle fattenng package (Fgure 1). Conceptual framework of the study Demographc varables -Age of households -Fattenng experence - Level of educaton Soco-economc varables -Land sze -Avalablty of labor -TLU Personal related varables -Percepton of rsks Determnants of agropastoralsts partcpaton n cattle fattenng package Mass meda exposure -Access to mass meda - Partcpaton n nonfarm actvty - Partcpaton n offfarm actvty Insttutonal varables -Access to credt -Extenson agents vst -Partcpaton n tranng Fgure 1: Conceptual framework of the study Source: Own desgn 211

8 3. METHODOLOGY 3.1. Descrpton of the Study Area Fentale Woreda s located n the Md of Rft Valley system n East Showa zone of Oroma Regonal State, Ethopa. The Woreda has a total of 18 Kebele. Out of the 18 Kebele, 12 Kebele are agro-pastoralsts and 5Kebele are pastoralsts (WoARD, 2012). The famng system of the Woreda s categorzed under agro-pastoral and pastoral farmng systems. The number of agro-pastoralst Kebele s ncreased after rrgaton dam s establshed at the Woreda. The Woreda has dfferent land use systems ncludng grazng land (11, ha), forest land (457 ha), Bush and shrub land (9,239.75ha) and farmng land (19, ha) whch s sutable for crop producton. The major sol type of the Woreda s characterzed under sandy and clay sol (WoARD, 2012). The man nhabtants of Fentale Woreda are the Kereyu and Ittu Oromos (EPaRDA, 2007) Sample Sze and Method of Samplng Probablty samplng technques were employed to select representatve Kebeles and respondents. Accordngly, lottery methods were employed to draw four representatve Kebeles among the 12 agro-pastoralst Kebeles of the Woreda. After selecton of the Kebele, lsts of household heads (samplng frame) were obtaned. PPS technques were employed to select respondents from the selected Kebele. Systematc samplng technques were employed to select 140 respondents by a fxed nterval of n/n untl the requred sample sze was obtaned. Sample sze determnaton formula was employed to avod under and/or over estmaton of sample sze by usng Yemane (1967) formulas at 10% confdence nterval. n = N/ 1+ Ne 2, where n= sample sze N= agro-pastoralsts of the Woreda e: error terms (0.1) 212

9 3.3. Sources and Types of Data Both prmary and secondary types of data were collected. Prmary data were collected manly from respondents whereas secondary data were collected from dfferent sources lke Woreda Agrculture and Rural Development Offce, books and journals. Qualtatve and quanttatve types of data were also collected from respondents and secondary sources Methods of Data Collecton Questonnares were pre- tested wth randomly selected households (10 agro-pastoralsts) and fnally, questonnares were modfed for house hold ntervew. A combnaton of data collecton technques lke sem structured ntervew schedule and PRA tools lke focus group dscusson and key nformant ntervews were employed. FGD was undertaken at all the sampled Kebeles. Eght to twelve dscussants per the four Kebeles were nvted for FGD. Male and female household heads were nvted for group dscusson. Accordngly, a total of forty agro-pastoralsts partcpated on focus group dscusson. Two researchers were partcpated on dscusson to collect data, descrbe and summarze nformaton obtaned from FGDs. Flp chart was used to record the data. Key nformants lke communty elders, DAs and Kebele leaders were ntervewed. A total of ten key nformants nvted for dscusson across the four Kebele Methods of Data Analyss The collected data were coded, entered and edted before runnng of analyss. SPSS verson 16 was used for data analyss. Both qualtatve and quanttatve types of data were used for ths study. Quanttatve data were analyzed by usng ch-square, Cramer s V, frequences, t- tests, mean; standard devaton, mnmum and maxmum. It was descrbed, nterpreted and analyzed on the spot durng data collecton to avod msnterpretaton of the nformaton obtaned. Bnary logstc regresson model was also employed. 213

10 3.6. Logt specfcaton There are certan types of regresson models n whch the dependent or response varable s dchotomous n nature, takng 1 and 0 (Yes or No answer). Bnary logstc regresson model (logt) allows for estmatng the probablty that an event occurs or not, by predctng a bnary dependent outcome from a set of ndependent varables (Wooldrdge, 2009). The bnary logstc model s also advantageous because, logt analyss provdes results whch can be nterpreted easly and the method s smple to analyze. It also gves parameter estmates whch are asymptotcally consstent, effcent and normal (Vassht, 2000). The logt model s specfed as under. 1/ ) 1/1 exp( ( ) 1/1 exp( ( ) ( 1 2 Where, Z 1 2 The equaton (1) s known as the (cumulatve) logstc dstrbuton functon. Here z 1 ranges from negatve nfnte to postve nfnte; p ranges from 0 and 1; p s nonlnearly related to z (.e. x ) thus satsfyng the two condtons requred for probablty model. In satsfyng ths requrement, an estmaton problem has been created because p s nonlnear not only n X but also n the ß s. Here P s the probablty of agro-pastoralsts to partcpate n cattle fattenng package. It s gven by; /1 exp( ), then, 1 ) s the probablty of agro-pastoralsts not to partcpate 1 ( n cattle fattenng packages. Ths s gven by, 1/1 exp( ), therefore, one can wrte, /( 1 ) 1 exp( ) /1 exp( ) /( 1 ), s the odd rato n favor of agro-pastoralsts partcpaton n cattle fattenng package.e., the probablty of agro-pastoralsts to partcpate n cattle fattenng package to the probablty that agro-pastoralsts wll not partcpate n cattle fattenng packages. Takng natural log of the (2) we obtan, L 1 ln( /(1 ))

11 That s, the log of odd rato s not only lnear n X, but also lnear n the parameters. L s called the Logt Estmaton procedure Accordng to Gujarat (1995) there are varous ndcators of Multcollnearty and no sngle dagnostc wll gve us a complete handle over the collnearty problem. For ths partcular study varance nflaton factor (VIF) and correlaton matrx was used for contnuous varables Defnton of Varables and Workng Hypothess Dependent varable: The dependent varable n ths study s agro-pastoralsts partcpaton n cattle fattenng package. It s dummy varable whch takes 1 f they say yes and 0 otherwse. Partcpants are defned as, agro-pastoralsts who used two or more package components as per the recommendatons whereas those agro-pastoralsts who haven t used any package were consdered as non-partcpants. Independent varables: Independent varables are those varables whch are hypotheszed to nfluence agro-pastoralsts partcpaton n cattle fattenng package. These varables can be Households demographc, nsttutonal, personal and socoeconomc varables. 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.1. Partcpaton of Household Heads n Cattle Fattenng Extenson Package Cattle fattenng extenson package was ntroduced at the Woreda by dfferent actors workng n the area lke Woreda Offce of Agrculture and Rural Development, NGO and research center. At the Fentale Woreda, partcpaton of ago-pastoralsts n cattle fattenng package s low. The result of frequency analyss showed that the majorty of respondents (77.1 %) dd not partcpate on the actvty whereas 22.9% of respondents partcpated on ths actvty (Table 1).Ths fndng s almost smlar wth the prevous research fndngs conducted by EEA (2006) whch reported that, partcpaton of farmers on cattle fattenng package n Oromya regonal State s estmated at 20 percent. In ths 215

12 study, partcpaton s defned as those agro-pastoralsts who partcpated n cattle fattenng package thorough adoptng of at least two packages among cattle fattenng extenson package components. These can be feed and feedng managements, health and housng managements whereas non- partcpants are those agro-pastoralsts who dd not adopt any of cattle fattenng extenson packages (Table 1). Table 1. Partcpaton of agro-pastoralsts n cattle fattenng extenson package No. Partcpaton category Sample Frequency Percentage 1 Partcpants Non partcpants Total Source: Own survey analyss result, Demographc Characterstcs of Respondents Gender From the sampled households, the majorty of respondents are male headed households (MHHLDs) whch consttutes 85 percent whereas female headed households (FHHLDs) consttute 15 percent. Cross tabulaton was employed to assess assocaton between gender of respondents and partcpaton n cattle fattenng packages (Table 2). Table 2.Partcpaton of respondents n cattle fattenng package across gender Gender of HH.heads Sample Partcpants (%) Non partcpants (%) Total (%) Male 27(84.4) 92(85.2) 119(85) Female 5(15.6) 16(14.8) 21(15) Total 32(100) 108(100) 140 (100) Source: Own survey analyss result, 2012 ( ) = % 216

13 Age The maxmum age of the sampled respondents s 72 years old whereas the mnmum age of respondents was 19 years old wth the mean age of and standard devaton of The study also analyzed the relatonshp between age of household heads and cattle fattenng package Clans At the sampled Kebeles, two man Oromo clans namely; Kereyu and Ittu are dentfed. From these ethnc groups, 63.6 % were Kereyu clans where as 36.4% are Ittu. As t can be observed from these fgures, the majorty of respondents are Kereyu. Ths may be due to the fact that, the majorty of the nhabtants of the Woreda are Kereyu Oromo. Partcpaton of households can be vares across the clan (Table 3). Table3. Partcpaton of respondents n cattle fattenng package across clans Clans Sample Partcpants Non partcpant Total Kereyu 22(68.8) 67(62) 89( 63.6) Ittu 10(31.2) 41(38) 51(36.4) Total 32(100) 108(100) 140 (100) Source: Own survey analyss result, 2012 ( ) = % Level of educaton The study dentfed that, the majorty (71.4 %) of respondents s llterate followed by level of schoolng between 1-4(14.3 %), 5-8 (11.4%) and level of schoolng between 9-12(2.9%) grade. The relatonshp reported between level of educaton and households partcpaton n cattle fattenng package s not sgnfcant (Table 4). 217

14 Table 4.Partcpaton of respondents n cattle fattenng package across level of educaton Level of educaton Sample Partcpants Non partcpants Total Illterate 22(72.2) 78(68.8) 100(71.4) 1-4 3(15.7) 17(9.3) 20(14.3) 5-8 6(9.3) 10(18.8) 16(11.4) (2.8) 3(3.1) 4(2.9) Total 32(100) 108(100) 140 (100) Source: Own survey analyss result, 2012 ( ) = %, Labor avalablty Households labor avalablty can be one of the determnant factors whch need to be consdered n such knd of study. Avalablty of household members does not mean that there s no shortage of labor because; labor avalablty can be assocated wth actve labor force. To do so, there are many formulas whch can be used to change the avalable labor force to man equvalent rato. Based on the analyss results, a mean of actve labor force s 2.83 wth a standard devaton of Soco-economc Characterstcs of Respondents Land sze Access to land s one of the factors of producton. The mnmum land sze owned by the sampled respondents s 0.25 ha whereas the maxmum land sze owned s 2.25ha. The mean of land sze owned by respondents s 0.69 ha wth a standard devaton of 0.33 ha Partcpaton n off-farm and non-farm actvtes Accordng to the study result, partcpaton of households n on-farm and non-farm actvtes s very low. For the sampled Kebeles, partcpaton of households n both actvtes was almost smlar. Frequency analyss result showed that 10 and percent 218

15 of respondents have partcpated n off-farm and non-farm actvtes whereas 90 and 87.9 percent of respondents were not partcpated on off-farm and non-farm actvtes respectvely (Table 5). Table5. Partcpaton of agro-pastoralsts n off farm and non-farm actvty across partcpants Sample Actvtes Partcpant Non-partcpant Total Off-farm Yes 5(15.6) 9(8.300) 14(10) No 27(84.4) 99(91. 7) 126(90) Total 32(100) 108(100) 140 (100) Non- farm Yes 6(22.8) 11(10.2) 17(12.1) No 26(81.2) 97(89.8) 123(87.9) Total 32(100) 108(100) 140(100) Source: Own survey results, 2012, ( ) = %, Lvestock ownershp To asses respondent lvestock ownershp, converson factors were used (Appendx 4). The mnmum TLU owned by respondent was 1 whereas the maxmum number of TLU was The mean TLU of lvestock owned by the sampled households was 9.67 wth a standard devaton of Insttutonal Factors Access to credt servces The result ndcated that majorty (81.4 %) of respondents have not accessed to any sort of credt servce n the last fve years. It has been known that only (18.6%) accessed to credt servce from dfferent credt provder (Fgure 2). Access to credt servces can ncrease agro-pastoralsts partcpaton n cattle fattenng package. Ths s because, ths type of actvty requre some external nputs lke agro-by products. 219

16 Fgure 2: Proporton of respondents who used credt servces Partcpaton of respondents n tranng related to cattle fattenng actvty Partcpaton of agro-pastoralsts on extenson events lke tranng can have an nfluence to partcpate n cattle fattenng package. The major source of tranng related to cattle fattenng package are; Woreda Agrculture and Rural Development Offce, NGOs and research center. Accordng to frequency analyss, partcpaton of respondents was relatvely strong for tranng when compared wth the other two extenson events. Frequency analyss result showed that 40% of respondents partcpated on tranng related to cattle fattenng (Table 6). Table 6.Respondents access to tranng and partcpaton n cattle fattenng package Varable Sample Partcpants Non-partcpants Total Tranng Yes 26(81.2) 30( (40) No 6(18.8) 78(72.2) 84(60) Total 32(100) 108(100) 140 (100) Source: Own survey results, 2012 ( ) = % 220

17 Mass meda exposure related to cattle fattenng actvty Access to mass medas lke TV, rado and any of prntng materals can have an nfluence on a gven technology adopton lke cattle fattenng packages. On the other hand, access to meda may not be always leads to partcpaton because; partcpaton of household heads on a gven technology package can also be assocated wth other contrbutng factors. Accordng to the analyss result, 50.7%, 7.1% and 4.3% respondents have access to rado, TVs and prnted materals respectvely durng the last three years from the survey perod. Ths shows that, respondent s access to nformaton through the ndcated meda s weak especally, for TVs and prnted meda Access to rrgaton servces Access to rrgaton servces can nfluence households partcpaton n cattle fattenng package. Cattle fattenng actvty requres approprate qualty water at the rght tme and place. Accordng to Holtzman (1987), the voluntary feed ntake of rumnant lvestock, partcularly dry matter consumpton, declnes by as much as 30% f water avalablty s lmted. Frequency analyss result shows that, the majorty (84.4%) of respondents have accessed to rrgaton servces whereas 14. 4% of respondents haven t accessed to rrgaton Percepton related varables The varables consdered here are related to respondents percepton towards rsks and comparatve advantage of cattle fattenng technology. These varables are mportant factors n nfluencng on Households partcpaton n cattle fattenng package. Based on frequency analyss, 22.1% of respondents perceve that partcpatng on cattle fattenng package have rsks whereas 77.9% of respondents perceved that partcpatng on cattle fattenng package have no rsks. In contrary to ths, 75.7% of respondents beleve that, partcpatng on cattle fattenng actvty have comparatve advantages and only 4.3% regarded as that partcpatng on cattle fattenng package have rsks. 221

18 4.6. Result of Econometrcs Model Bnary logstc regresson model was employed to dentfy factors affectng agropastoralsts partcpaton n cattle fattenng package. Before runnng of the analyss, statstcal assumptons were checked. Multcollnearty test was used to check ths assumpton. VIF and tolerance was used to see the ndependence between quanttatve varables. For dummy varables, correlaton matrx s used to check the ndependence between explanatory varables. Among the ffteen varables consdered for the study, fourteen varables were used for analyss purpose and one varable s rejected from analyss because of Multcollnearty problem (Table 7). Table7. Estmates of bnary logstc regresson model No. Varables B S.E. Wald Sg. EXP(B) 1 AGE LEVELED LANDSZE TLU PARTNONFARM PARTOFARM RISKYPERCP UTLZNIRWTR PARTNTRNG *** MASMEDUTZN FATEXPER ** LABRAVIL CRDTUTIZN * EXTNSNVIST CONSTANT *= sgnfcant at p-value < Log lkelhood= **= sgnfcant at p-value < 0. 05Nagelkerke R 2 = ***= sgnfcant at p-value < 0.01 Model Ch-square = ***, df=

19 Fourteen varables were entered for analyss. Among these, four varables namely; cattle fattenng experence, access to credt servces, partcpaton n tranng related to cattle fattenng actvty and cattle fattenng experences have found to be sgnfcantly affect household s partcpaton n cattle fattenng packages. FATEXPER: Household heads cattle fattenng experence s found to be sgnfcantly nfluence household heads partcpaton n cattle fattenng package at p-value < 0.05 ndcatng that for a unt ncrease n cattle fattenng experence, the logs of odds rato n favor of partcpaton n cattle fattenng package wll be ncreased by Ths s due to the fact that, a household heads wth fattenng experence can accumulate knowledge and skll related to fattenng actvtes. He/she also knows the comparatve advantage of engagng n ths actvty. Hence, these household heads tend to have more wllng than those who don t have fattenng experence. CRDTUTIZN. Utlzaton of credt servces s also found to be sgnfcantly nfluence households partcpaton n cattle fattenng package at p-value < On the other hand, the result of odds-rato ndcates that f agro-pastoralsts accessed to tranng, the logs of odds rato n favor of households partcpaton n cattle fattenng package wll be ncreased by Ths s due to the fact that, cattle fattenng actvty may requre external nputs lke agro-by products. On the other hand, agro-pastoralsts may face fnancal constrants to purchase ths nputs hence; utlzaton of credt can help users to purchase these nputs. Earler studes also confrmed that credt s one of factors that can nfluence on applcaton of new technologes (Yshak, 2005). TRNGPARTN: Accordng to the analyss result, partcpaton of household heads on tranng has sgnfcant nfluence on household heads partcpaton n cattle fattenng package at p-value < 0.01.Furthermore, the odd-rato result shows that, f agropastoralsts accessed to tranng, the logs of odds rato n favor of partcpaton on cattle fattenng package ncrease by Ths s due to the fact that, cattle fattenng package s a skll demandng actvty n terms of feed managements lke raton formulaton, physcal and chemcal treatment. Moreover, anmal health and housng management s also a skll demandng actvty. Also the study conducted by Edlu (2006)confrmed that 223

20 Partcpaton n tranng wll enable farmers to get more nformaton and mprove ther understandng about the avalable package, whch may ntern lead to a change n ther knowledge, atttude and behavor. 5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS From the study t has been dentfed that partcpaton of households n cattle fattenng package s very low whch s manly related to nsttutonal factors. Bnary logstc regresson model dentfed that the three varables namely; access to tranng, credt servces and cattle fattenng experence are among the explanatory varables nfluencng partcpaton of households n mproved cattle fattenng actvtes. Therefore, Partcpaton of agro-pastoralsts n mproved cattle fattenng package needs to be mproved n the Woreda through adoptng of approprate cattle fattenng package. The avalable cattle fattenng technology needs to be adopted by consderng of sustanablty ssue through payng attenton to factors nfluencng partcpaton lke effectve credt servces and tranng. 6. REFERENCES Azage Tegegne and Alemu Gebrewolde, Prospects for per-urban dary development n Ethopa pp In: ESAP Proceedngs: Ffth Natonal Conference of the Ethopan Socety of Anmal Producton. Adds Ababa, Ethopa, may, Bulale, A.I., Smallholder dary producton and dary technology adopton n the mxed farmng system n Ars hghlands of Ethopa. Dssertaton. Unversty of Berln. Germany. Chlot Yrga, Shampro, B.I, and Mulat Demeke, Factors Influencng adopton of new technologes n Wolmera and Adds Alem Areas of Ethopa. J. Ethopan Agrcultural economcs. 1: Edlu Badwo, Extenson program coverage and utlzaton by dfferent categores of farmers n enemor and Ener Woreda,Gurage Zone.An MSc Thess Presented to the School of Graduate Studes of Haramaya Unversty. 224

21 EEA/EEPRI, 2004/5. Assessment of Extenson and ts Impact: The Lvestock Producton Sub-sector. Workng Paper Seres. EEA (Ethopan Economcs Assocaton), Evaluaton of the Ethopan agrcultural extenson wth partcular emphass on the partcpatory demonstraton and tranng extenson system (PADETES). Adds Abeba, Ethopa. EPaRDA (Ethopan Pastoral Research and Development Assocaton), Draft dsaster preparedness contngency plan for Fentale Woreda. Oromya Natonal Regonal State Pastoral and Agro pastoral Lvelhood Base Lne Profle. Feder, G.,1985. The Relatonshp between Farm Sze and Farm Productvty: The Role of Famly Labor, Supervson and Credt Constrants. J. Development Economcs. 18(2-3): Gujarat, D.N., Basc econometrcs. 3rd edton, McGraw Hll, Inc., New York. Karuga J.T., W. Oluoch-Kosura, R. Nykal, M. Odumbe and P.P. Marenya, Access to Land, Income Dversfcaton and Poverty Reducton n Rural Kenya. Contrbuted paper delvered at the Internatonal Assocaton of Agrcultural Economsts Conference, Gold Coast, Australa, August Makokaha, H., H. Odera, I.I.K.Martm, J.K.Okalebo, D.M.Irura, Farmers percepton and adopton of sol managment technologes n Western Kenya. J. Afrcan Crop Scence 7(4): Meuwssen, M.P.M., R. B. M. Hurne and J. B. Hardaker Rsk and rsk management: An emprcal analyss of Dutch lvestock farmers. Lvestock Prod. Sc. 69(1): MoA(Mnstry of Agrculture), Anmal and fshery resources development man department, Fattenng extenson manual, FLDP,, Adds Ababa, Ethopa, 83 pp. MoA (Mnstry of Agrculture), Lvestock resource development extenson package (Amharc Verson). Adds Abeba, Ethopa. MoA, Performance Report of the Agrcultural Extenson Department (Amharc Verson). June 2002, Adds Ababa. Musaba EC., 2010.Analyss of factors nfluencng adopton of cattle management technologes by communal farmers n Northern Namba. Lvestock Research for Rural 225

22 Development. Retreved on March, 2012, fromhttp:// Pagot, J., Anmal producton n tropcs and subtropcs. 2nd Edu. Mac Mlan press ltd, Hong Kong. Pasarbu, S.M and M. Syukur Polcy support for clmate rsk adaptaton: The role of mcrofnance. Analss Kebjakan Pertanan. 8(1):1-11. Roessall, W, Masyhur1, S. Nurtn and D.H. Darwanto, 2012.Factors nfluencng farmers decson to ncrease beef cattle busness scale n Central Java Provnce. Faculty of Agrculture, Gadjah Mada Unversty. Van den Ban, Anne W. and H.S. Hawkns, Agrcultural extenson. Second edton. Oxford: Blackwell Scence. Vassht, A.K., Logt and probt analyss I.A.S.R.I, Lbrary Avenue. New Delh Avalable at amtvassht@asr.resn. Wooldrdge, J., Introductory econometrcs: a modern approach, fourth edton. South-Western Cengage Learnng. 865 p. Yshak Gecho, Determnants of adopton of mproved maze technology n Damot Gale Woreda,Wolata, Ethopa. An MSc thess Presented to the School of Graduate Studes of Alemaya Unversty. 226