Proteomics and Metabolomics in Psychiatry

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1 Proteomics and Metabolomics in Psychiatry

2 Advances in Biological Psychiatry Vol. 29 Series Editors W.P. Kaschka Ravensburg W.F. Gattaz São Paulo

3 Proteomics and Metabolomics in Psychiatry Volume Editor Daniel Martins-de-Souza Campinas/Munich 9 figures, 1 in color, and 10 tables, 2014 Basel Freiburg Paris London New York Chennai New Delhi Bangkok Beijing Shanghai Tokyo Kuala Lumpur Singapore Sydney

4 Advances in Biological Psychiatry Prof. Dr. Daniel Martins-de-Souza Laboratory of Neuroproteomics Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Rua Monteiro Lobato, Campinas (Brazil) and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU) Nussbaumstrasse 7 DE Munich (Germany) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Proteomics and metabolomics in psychiatry / volume editor, Daniel Martins-de-Souza. p. ; cm. -- (Advances in biological psychiatry, ISSN ; Vol. 29) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN (hard cover : alk. paper) -- ISBN (e-isbn) I. Martins-de-Souza, Daniel, editor. II. Series: Advances in biological psychiatry ; v [DNLM: 1. Mental Disorders--etiology. 2. Biological Markers. 3. Mental Disorders--diagnosis. 4. Mental Disorders--physiopathology. 5. Metabolomics--methods. 6. Proteomics--methods. W1 AD44 v / WM 140] RC dc Bibliographic Indices. This publication is listed in bibliographic services, including Current Contents and Index Medicus. Disclaimer. The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements in the book is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Drug Dosage. The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Copyright 2014 by S. Karger AG, P.O. Box, CH 4009 Basel (Switzerland) Printed in Germany on acid-free and non-aging paper (ISO9706) by Kraft Druck, Ettlingen ISSN e-issn ISBN e-isbn

5 Contents VII Preface Martins-de-Souza, D. (Campinas/Munich) Schizophrenia and Psychotic Disorders 1 Proteomic Characterization of the Brain and Cerebrospinal Fluid of Schizophrenia Patients Café-Mendes, C.C. (São Paulo/Munich); Gattaz, W.F. (São Paulo); Schmitt, A. (São Paulo/Munich); Britto, L.R.G. (São Paulo); Martins-de-Souza, D. (São Paulo/Campinas/Munich) 16 Peripheral Biomarker Candidates in Schizophrenia Thome, J. (Rostock); Bratek, A.; Krysta, K. (Katowice) 27 Schizophrenia: Blood-Serum-Plasma Metabolomics Lista, S.; Giegling, I.; Rujescu, D. (Halle) 45 Proteomic and Metabolomic Evidence for Glial Alterations in Schizophrenia Beasley, C.L. (Vancouver, B.C.); Barakauskas, V.E. (Edmonton, Alta.) 56 Insights from Proteomic Studies on Schizophrenia Preclinical Models: What Can We Learn for Drug Discovery? Farrelly, L.A.; Föcking, M.; Cotter, D.R. (Dublin) 74 Metabolomics to Study Psychotic Disorders and Their Metabolic Comorbidities Orešič, M. (Espoo) Mood Disorders 81 Peripheral Biomarkers for Depression by Plasma and Serum Proteomics Domenici, E. (Basel) 92 Proteomics of Preclinical Models of Depression Carboni, L. (Bologna) V

6 103 Antidepressant Response Metabonomics Qin, X.; Gao, X.; Qiao, Y.; Zhou, Y.; Tian, J.; Li, Z. (Taiyuan) 116 Proteomics and Metabolomics of Bipolar Disorder Sussulini, A. (Campinas/Göttingen) 128 Use of Metabolomics and Proteomics to Reveal Pathophysiological Pathways in Anxiety Disorders Altmaier, E.; Emeny, R.T. (Neuherberg) 139 Author Index 140 Subject Index VI Contents

7 Preface Psychiatric disorders are problems of immense importance for public health, ranging from patients welfare to health treatment systems. According to the World Health Organization ( mental disorders compose 40% of the leading causes of disability in developed countries. In most of the cases there is a long delay between disease onset and clinical intervention, which can compromise treatment, leading to more severe illness. Psychiatric disorders are still neglected compared with other major health problems; it has been estimated, for instance, that in the USA proper management of depression can cost as much as that of heart diseases. Thus, in order to improve prognosis, diagnostics and current treatments, there is an urgent need to understand the molecular and biochemical bases of these disorders. These questions are still open, despite all scientific efforts. Decipherment of the human genome pushed the development of other large-scale technologies for investigating the molecular bases of life. Proteomics and metabolomics are two of these technologies which can identify the protein and metabolite contents of a given cell, tissue or organism in a large-scale and high-throughput manner. In the case of psychiatric disorders, these technologies have been delineating a comprehensive characterization of the molecular mechanisms involved in the establishment and course of these illnesses. Moreover, proteomics and metabolomics have been unraveling biomarker candidates for prognosis, diagnosis, treatment and patient stratification. This edition of Advances in Biological Psychiatry presents apart from the basic principles of proteomics and metabolomics all data generated by these technologies pertaining to a characterization of human samples from psychiatric patients as well as preclinical models. Eleven leading researchers in the field of schizophrenia and psychosis as well as in mood disorders contributed to this edition, reviewing the most important data generated by proteomics and metabolomics in the last decade. More than an update, this edition, entitled Proteomics and Metabolomics in Psychiatry, indicates the next steps to be followed in the search for biomarkers and a deeper understanding of psychiatric disorders. Daniel Martins-de-Souza, Campinas/Munich VII

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