From Auto- to Allotransplantation

Transcription

1 From Auto- to Allotransplantation

2 Translational Research in Biomedicine Vol. 5 Series Editor Samuel H.H. Chan Kaohsiung Associate Editor Julie Y.H. Chan Kaohsiung The Chang Gung Medical Foundation is the patron of this book series.

3 From Auto- to Allotransplantation Volume Editors Fu-Chan Wei Taipei Hui-Yun Cheng Taoyuan Cheng-Hung Lin Taoyuan 46 figures, 43 in color, and 3 tables, 2016 Basel Freiburg Paris London New York Chennai New Delhi Bangkok Beijing Shanghai Tokyo Kuala Lumpur Singapore Sydney

4 Fu-Chan Wei Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Chang Gung Memorial Hospital 199 Tun-Hwa North Road Taipei 105 Taiwan, ROC Hui-Yun Cheng Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Chang Gung Memorial Hospital 5 Fu-Hsing Street, Guishan District Taoyuan 333 Taiwan, ROC Cheng-Hung Lin Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Chang Gung Memorial Hospital 5 Fu-Hsing Street, Guishan District Taoyuan 333 Taiwan, ROC Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Wei, Fu-Chan, editor. Cheng, Hui-Yun, editor. Lin, Cheng-Hung (Of Changgeng ji nian yi yuan), editor. Title: From auto- to allotransplantation / volume editors, Fu-Chan Wei, Hui-Yun Cheng, Cheng-Hung Lin. Other titles: Translational research in biomedicine ; v X Description: Basel ; New York : Karger, [2016] Series: Translational research in biomedicine, ISSN X ; vol. 5 Includes bibliographical references and indexes. Identifiers: LCCN ISBN (hard cover : alk. paper) ISBN (electronic version) Subjects: MESH: Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Transplantation, Autologous Reconstructive Surgical Procedures--methods Microsurgery Classification: LCC RD120.7 NLM WO 660 DDC 617.9/5--dc23 LC record available at Disclaimer. The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements in the book is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Drug Dosage. The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Copyright 2016 by S. Karger AG, P.O. Box, CH 4009 Basel (Switzerland) Printed in Germany on acid-free and non-aging paper (ISO 9706) by Kraft Druck GmbH, Ettlingen ISSN X e-issn ISBN e-isbn

5 Contents VII Foreword Chan, S.H.H. (Kaohsiung) VIII Preface Wei, F.-C. (Taipei); Cheng, H.-Y.; Lin, C.-H. (Taoyuan) Section I: State of the Art in Microsurgical Autotransplantation 1 Microsurgical Reconstruction in Brachial Plexus Injury and Facial Paralysis Chuang, D.C.-C. (Taoyuan) 12 Microsurgical Reconstruction of Oncological Defects Cheng, M.-H.; Browne, T. (Taoyuan) 23 Various Free Intestinal Flaps and Omentum for Reconstruction of Defects Maruccia, M.; Chen, H.-C. (Taichung) 36 Achieving Norms: Limitations of Autotransplantation and the Need for Allotransplantation Illustrated with Head and Neck Reconstruction Al Deek, N.F.; Tsao, C.-K.; Wei, F.-C. (Taoyuan) 45 Evolution from Toe-to-Hand Transfer to Hand Transplantation Zelken, J.; Lin, C.-H. (Taoyuan) Section II: Clinical Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation 55 Vascularized Composite Allografts and Solid Organ Transplants: Similarities and Differences Weissenbacher, A.; Grahammer, J.; Hautz, T.; Schneeberger, S. (Innsbruck) 67 Development of a Clinical Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Program: Requirements and Recommendations Lawson, S.; Wang, L. (San Antonio, Tex.); Fries, C.A. (Birmingham); Davis, M. (San Antonio, Tex.); Gorantla, V.S. (Pittsburgh, Pa.) 79 Hand Transplantation Brandacher, G.; Shores, J.T.; Lee, W.P.A. (Baltimore, Md.) 93 Facial Transplantation Aycart, M.; Alhefzi, M.; Kueckelhaus, M.; Fischer, S.; Dermietzel, A.; Wo, L.; Bueno, E.; Pribaz, J.J.; Pomahac, B. (Boston, Mass.) V

6 Section III: Basic and Translational VCA Research at Chang Gung 103 Establishing a Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation: The Experience of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Cheng, H.-Y.; Al Deek, N.F.; Wei, F.-C. (Taoyuan) 112 Development of Animal Models for the Study of Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Zelken, J.; Lin, C.-H. (Taoyuan) 124 Induction of Donor-Specific Tolerance with Vascularized Bone Marrow Transplantation Lin, C.-H.; Anggelia, M.R. (Taoyuan) 135 Cellular Therapeutics-Based Strategies for Inducing Donor-Specific Tolerance to Vascularized Composite Allotransplants Cheng, H.-Y. (Taoyuan) 145 In vivo Bioimaging Platform with Tissomic Validation for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Wen, C.-J.; Hsieh, Y.-H. (Taoyuan) 157 Potential of MicroRNAs in Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Hsieh, C.-H. (Kaohsiung) 165 Potential of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Wang, A.Y.L. (Taoyuan) 172 Author Index 173 Subject Index VI Contents

7 Foreword Welcome to volume 5 of Translational Research in Biomedicine, a monograph series dedicated to the dissemination of seminal information in contemporary biomedicine with a translational orientation. This volume marks the third installment of this series under the generous patronage of Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Taiwan. This patronage reduces substantially the increasing financial constraints on scientific publication, and allows us to concentrate on publishing timely and crucial themes in translational medicine. This volume is designed to be a key reference on the evolution of reconstructive microsurgery, from free autologous tissue transfer to vascularized composite allotransplantation. Despite the high success rate of microsurgical autotransplantation in the hands of these surgeons, there are still body defects that are too complex to be remedied by reconstruction with autologous tissue. Although still in its infancy, clinical vascularized composite allotransplantation offers a revolutionary approach that not only pushes the forefronts of reconstructive surgery to another level, but offers a viable alternative to improve the quality of life of afflicted patients. Authored by pioneers in reconstructive surgery, the narratives are essentially recapitulations of personal experiences of practitioners who set new trends in this field. In the spirit of translational medicine, this clinical know-how is accompanied by parallel research development in immunology and cell biology aiming at achieving donor-specific tolerance. I wish to express my deepest appreciation to Drs. Fu-Chan Wei, Hui-Yun Cheng, and Cheng-Hung Lin, who despite their heavy clinical commitments have made this timely volume on the devolpments from auto- to allotransplantation a reality. I also wish to acknowledge the capable hands of Thomas Nold, Freddy Brian, and Magdalena Mühlemann at S. Karger AG during the development and production of this volume. Last but not least, the publication of Translational Research in Biomedicine would not have been possible without the foresight, enthusiasm, and whole-hearted support of my dear friend, Dr. Thomas Karger. Samuel H.H. Chan, Kaohsiung S er ie s E d itor VII

8 Preface Autologous free tissue transfer has been the epitome of reconstruction for cancer, trauma, and congenital deformities over the past four decades. However, in spite of accumulation of experience and achieving high success rates in microsurgical reconstruction, there are still a few complex and/or extensive defects that need to be addressed. As a result, allotransplantation has grown, inevitably aiming for more and pushing a new paradigm in reconstructive surgery for enhancing the quality of life for those deemed unreconstructable and who need a revolutionary solution. So far, new life has been given to nearly 200 patients who have received a wide array of hand, abdominal wall, and face allotransplantations. This book follows the evolution of reconstructive microsurgery from free autologous tissue transfer to vascularized composite allotransplantation in three sections. Section I concentrates on the state of the art in microsurgery, capitalizing on more than 20,000 cases of microsurgical free flap reconstruction experience from head to toe and their limitations at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, preparing the readers for the next leap addressed in Section II. Section II focuses on allotransplantation, with the opening chapter drawing lessons learned from solid organ allotransplantation, which is essential for the development and application of vascularized composite allotransplantation in the hand and upper extremities and face. Section III targets the translational and basic research needed for sustainable allotransplantation, which aims to make allotransplantation more immune-friendly, featuring new animal models for immunological studies, including cell therapies and other cutting-edge techniques for achieving donor-specific tolerance as well as assessment of functional recovery with the latest in noninvasive imaging, and possible new frontiers in micrornas and induced pluripotent stem cells. We are grateful to Karger Publishers (Basel, Switzerland) and to the Series Editor Dr. Samuel H.H. Chan for the opportunity to publish this volume. This book commemorates the 4-year anniversary of the official establishment of the Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and we are proud to say that it is the most complete, up-to-date record on where we stand at this moment in auto- and allotransplantation. It represents a massive work by those VIII

9 who set the new trends in reconstructive surgery, and is a worthwhile read for all of those who are interested in both microsurgical free flaps and conquering new frontiers in reconstructive surgery. Fu-Chan Wei, Taipei Hui-Yun Cheng, Taoyuan Cheng-Hung Lin, Taoyuan Preface IX

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