Nanotechnologies Output, Impact and Collaboration. A comparative analysis of France and other countries

Transcription

1 Nanotechnologies Output, Impact and Collaboration A comparative analysis of France and other countries

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3 CONTENTS 3 Executive summary Nanotechnologies are a key enabling technology with a broad spectrum of applications in several different fields and are one of the top research priorities at the European level and in France as well. This report provides an overview of the research activities on nanotechnologies using a document set of +428,000 papers published in the period , collected by a search query that utilizes key concepts extracted from a sample of relevant journals using a semantic technology called Elsevier Fingerprint Engine. The analysis is carried out on production, quality and collaboration. Nanotechnologies are one of the fastest growing areas of research worldwide, with an average growth rate close to 11% year-over-year for the past 5 years. Growth is driven mainly by China and India while the US and the European countries struggle in keeping up with the global pace. Nanotechnology is also a highly competitive field, with a citation impact almost 70% higher than the world average. While the US still leads the group of comparator countries from the point of view of citation impact, China has surpassed Germany and bridged the gap with UK, while Iran has surpassed France and reached Italy. European countries have a strong propensity for international collaboration, with about half of their papers showing co-authors from different countries; China, India and Iran on the other hand have 40 to 50% of their outputs resulting from institutional collaboration. US, Japan and South Korea have a more balanced ratio of institutional and international collaborations. Impact doesn t seem to be strongly correlated to the types of collaborations, with countries that benefit from international partnerships, like the UK, and others, such as France, which do not gain citation impact proportionally to their internationalization efforts. Overall, this analysis confirms that nanotechnologies are an extremely competitive field, where the leadership of the US and EU is challenged by countries in Asia that are investing heavily in this area and see not only their output but also the impact of their research growing steadily. It will be worthwhile to analyse in the coming years if the availability of dedicated funds through the H2020 programs will result in European countries being able to maintain a position of scientific leadership in this field which has an enormous potential to be translated into innovation and eventually economic development.

4 CONTENTS 4 Contents Contents 4 1 Case study: Nanotechnologies Introduction Overview of the dataset Key Findings Output Citation Impact Collaboration 17 APPENDIX A: Methodology and data for the case study on Nanotechnologies 20 APPENDIX B: Semantic Fingerprinting 22 APPENDIX C: List of nanotechnology related journals used to select the keywords 23

5 CASE STUDY: NANOTECHNOLOGIES 5 Case study: Nanotechnologies We investigate the performance of France in the field of Nanotechnologies. The analysis is based on a multidisciplinary corpus of publications selected through relevant keywords. We focus on the number of publications, the citation impact, the collaborations and their influence on production and impact for France and selected countries among the most active in the field.

6 CASE STUDY: NANOTECHNOLOGIES Introduction Nanotechnologies, with their application to a broad range of challenges (such as environmental issues, sustainable energies, food safety, advanced materials and medicine) have been selected by the European Commission as one of the Key Enabling Technologies (KETs) that will allow European industries to retain competitiveness and capitalise on new markets 1. To support research and development efforts on KETs - and Nanotechnologies in particular - dedicated funding programs such as the Leadership in Enabling and Industrial Technologies (LEIT) have been created within Horizon , which follow up on previous funding streams in the Framework Programmes 6 and 7. Likewise, In France, nanotechnologies are definitely at the heart of several of the Défis of the Stratégie nationale de la recherche 3. In this study we focus on the scientific output in the field of Nanotechnologies in the years from 2010 to 2014 included. In order to conduct an analysis as accurate and comprehensive as possible, a corpus of publications has been assembled with a bottom-up approach, by selecting documents based on relevant keywords. The resulting dataset has been used to model two research areas: one including all publications, the other limited to publications with at least one author from a French institution. A detailed description of the methodology is available in Appendix A. After having qualified the dataset in terms of its content and coverage, the analysis will cover the dimensions of Output Citation impact Collaboration Research trends 1 See 2 See 3 See

7 CASE STUDY: NANOTECHNOLOGIES Overview of the dataset The dataset contains 428,895 publications published between 2010 and 2014, which corresponds to about 3.3% of the total scientific output recorded by Scopus in the same period. The pie chart below shows the distribution of subject areas represented in the dataset, based on the classification of the journals in which the papers in this dataset have been published. Figure 0.1 Breakdown of Nanotechnologies by subject area, Source: SciVal.com, last updated 27 July 2015 The same chart applied to the subset of publications featuring at least one French institution shows a similar distribution, but with a higher share of Physics and a lower one of Engineering. Figure 0.2 Breakdown of Nanotechnologies by subject area, Publications with at least one French institution. Source: SciVal.com, last updated 27 July 2015 The top journals appearing in this research area, by number of publications, are listed in the table below, both for all publications and for France only. The journals that are unique to each list are highlighted in yellow.

8 CASE STUDY: NANOTECHNOLOGIES 8 Table 0.3 Top journals by number of publications, Nanotechnologies, World, Source: SciVal.com, last updated 27 July 2015 Journal Number of publications Journal of Physical Chemistry C 7645 Advanced Materials Research 6487 Applied Physics Letters 6287 Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials 5443 Physics RSC Advances 5069 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 4801 ACS Nano 4788 Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical 4753 Engineering Journal of Applied Physics 4745 Langmuir 4520 Nanoscale 4330 Nano Letters 4007 Nanotechnology 3990 ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces 3742 Journal of Materials Chemistry 3709 Materials Letters 3606 Applied Surface Science 3578 Chemical Communications 3435 Electrochimica Acta 3241 Carbon 2923 Table 0.4 Top journals by number of publications, Nanotechnologies, France, Source: SciVal.com, last updated 27 July 2015 Journal Number of publications Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials 600 Physics Journal of Physical Chemistry C 502 Applied Physics Letters 425 Langmuir 358 Journal of Applied Physics 327 Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical 310 Engineering Nanotechnology 243 ACS Nano 218 Physical Review Letters 216 Nano Letters 206 Carbon 176 Nanoscale 173 Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 163 Chemical Communications 145 Journal of Physics: Conference Series 144 Journal of Materials Chemistry 135 Soft Matter 134 Materials Research Society Symposium - Proceedings 128 Journal of Nanoparticle Research 125 RSC Advances 119

9 CASE STUDY: NANOTECHNOLOGIES 9 The most frequent concepts featured in the research area are represented in the word clouds below, where the size of the label is proportional to the frequency with which it appears in the documents and its colour takes into account the growth trend. The first one includes all the publications in the research area, the second one only those with at least one French institution in the authors affiliations. Figure 0.5 Top 50 concepts in Nanotechnologies, World, Source: SciVal.com, last updated 27 July 2015 Figure 0.6 Top 50 concepts in Nanotechnologies, France, Source: SciVal.com, last updated 27 July 2015

10 CASE STUDY: NANOTECHNOLOGIES Key Findings FRANCE S WORLD ARTICLE SHARE FRANCE FIELD-WEIGHTED CITATION IMPACT -5.9% 1.67 Research in nanotechnologies grows 4 times faster than the world average across all fields. With an average growth of 4.4%, France, like the US and other European countries) has been losing output share over the past 5 years. Articles in nanotechnologies receive on average 68% more citations than the global average across all fields, years and document types. In such a competitive research area, France is keeping the pace with the world average citation impact, but has been surpassed by Iran and scores below other European countries such as Italy, Germany and the UK. OUTPUT Nanotechnologies are one of the fastest growing areas of research worldwide, with an average growth rate close to 11% year-over-year for the past 5 years. Growth is driven mainly by China and India while the US and the European countries struggle in keeping up with the global pace. IMPACT Nanotechnology is a highly competitive field, with a citation impact almost 70% higher than the world average. While the US still leads the group of comparator countries from the point of view of citation impact, China has surpassed Germany and bridged the gap with UK, while Iran has surpassed France and reached Italy. COLLABORATION European countries have a strong propensity for international collaboration, with about half of their papers showing co-authors from different countries; China, India and Iran on the other hand have 40 to 50% of their outputs resulting from institutional collaboration. US, Japan and South Korea have a more balanced ratio of institutional and international collaborations. Impact doesn t seem to be strongly correlated to the types of collaborations, with countries that benefit from international partnerships, like the UK, and others, such as France, which do not gain citation impact proportionally to their internationalization efforts.

11 CASE STUDY: NANOTECHNOLOGIES Output Research output in Nanotechnologies is growing faster than world s average across fields In the period from 2010 to 2014 the overall production in Nanotechnologies has reached a total of 428,895 publications, with a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 10.95%, which is 4 times faster than the world s average across all fields in the same period (2.7%). Figure 0.8 shows the top 10 countries in the field by scholarly output: China is the largest contributor, followed by the United States, while the remaining 8 countries are much closer to each other and well below the production of the first two World article share is the highest for China while Europe and US share is declining In terms of share and share growth, the combined effect of the strong output size and growth of China and, to a lesser extent, India and Iran, results in a decline of publications share of European countries and United States, as shown in Figure 0.9. This means that the overall growth in the field, observed in Figure 0.7, is driven by developing countries. France has grown on average by 4.4% over the past five years, meaning that its overall share has declined by 6%; the same trend is shown by other European countries such as Germany, the UK and, to a lesser extent, Italy. Figure 0.7 Number of publications, World and France, Nanotechnologies, Source: SciVal.com, last updated 27 July 2015 Figure 0.8 Overall number of articles and Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) for the top 10 contributing countries, Nanotechnologies, Source: SciVal.com, last updated 27 July 2015

12 CASE STUDY: NANOTECHNOLOGIES 12 Figure 0.9 Overall share of articles and Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) for the top 10 contributing countries, Nanotechnologies, Source: SciVal.com, last updated 27 July 2015

13 CASE STUDY: NANOTECHNOLOGIES Citation Impact Global citation share is the highest for China and declining for US and Europe The number of citations received by an article from subsequently-published articles is widely recognized as a proxy of the quality or importance of the reported research 4. As Figure 0.10 shows, a similar pattern can be observed between the share of publications per country and the share of citations: if we look at the top two countries, we see China surpassing the United States in publications share in 2011 and the same happening with citations share in 2012, where the time difference can be explained by the dynamics of citations, which are accrued by articles after they have been published. France, Germany and the UK show a decline in citation share which is in line with the trend in output share, while Italy is less affected by the decline. Figure 0.10 Overall share of citations for the top 10 contributing countries, Nanotechnologies, Right-hand panel excludes China and the US for clarity. Source: SciVal.com, last updated 27 July The global citation impact of Nanotechnologies articles is much higher than the world s average across all fields While citations provide an intuitive way to measure research impact, they are not comparable across different fields, publication years and document types (articles, reviews, conference papers, etc.). A more sophisticated way of measuring scientific impact is to use field-weighted citation impact (FWCI). FWCI normalizes the differences in citations due to the subject field, publication year and document type. The world is indexed to an FWCI value of An FWCI of more than 1.00 indicates that the entity s publications have been cited more often than expected based on the global average for similar publications. Table 0.11 shows the overall FWCI of the document set representing nanotechnologies research. While the global value has decreased from 2010 to 2014, nanotechnology remains a research area with high global impact, receiving 68% more citations than the global average. 4 Davis, P.M. (2009) Reward or persuasion? The battle to define the meaning of a citation Learned Publishing 22 (1) pp

14 CASE STUDY: NANOTECHNOLOGIES 14 Table 0.11 FWCI for top 10 contributing countries and world, Nanotechnologies, Source: SciVal.com, last updated 27 July China 1,76 1,82 1,87 1,86 1,87 United States 2,46 2,26 2,24 2,19 2,15 India 1,52 1,31 1,36 1,31 1,34 South Korea 1,85 1,89 1,85 1,89 1,76 Germany 2,08 1,96 1,92 1,75 1,71 Japan 1,6 1,55 1,53 1,4 1,51 France 1,82 1,79 1,66 1,6 1,52 Iran 1,45 1,38 1,3 1,38 1,72 United Kingdom 2,18 2,02 2,02 2,04 1,89 Italy 1,93 1,88 1,83 1,76 1,71 World 1,77 1,71 1,69 1,64 1,63 The high impact of nanotechnologies, combined with the strong growth in production, poses significant challenges to countries who try to remain competitive in this field. By rebasing the FWCI to the world s value it becomes easier to compare countries among themselves and with the global average. This is represented in Figure Figure 0.12 Rebased field-weighted citation impact (FWCI) for the top 10 contributing countries, Nanotechnologies, Source: SciVal.com, last updated 27 July 2015 The rebased FWCI indicates that the US and UK still have the highest average impact in this field, but countries such as China and Iran are rapidly improving. Among the other European countries, Italy and Germany are still above the world s average, although the latter shows an important decline, while France in the last three years has performed below world s average and scores consistently below the other EU countries in the comparator group Highly cited articles in Nanotechnologies are almost twice more frequent than in other fields The distribution of citations among articles is known to be strongly skewed, with a small number of articles receiving the majority of the citations 5 and a long tail of articles with 5 De Solla Price, D. J. (1965) Networks of scientific papers, Science. 149: doi: /science

15 CASE STUDY: NANOTECHNOLOGIES 15 few or no citations at all. Therefore it is meaningful to combine FWCI, which is an average, with another metric that focuses on the subset of highly cited articles, meaning those articles that rank in the top 1% and 10% of the most cited articles by publication year and subject area. If we assumed that citations in nanotechnologies articles follow the same distribution as all other articles, it would be reasonable to expect that roughly1% of the articles in the document set fall in the top 1% most cited articles and likewise for the 10% threshold. If the share is higher for nanotechnologies, this means that articles in this field tend to accumulate on the higher band of the citation spectrum. Figure 0.13 shows the trend of highly cited articles in nanotechnologies from 2010 to % of the articles published in Nanotechnologies in 2010 belong to the top 1% most cited articles worldwide for the same year, whereas 19% of them belong to the top 10%. These shares are consistently much higher than the corresponding thresholds for all years considered, although the trend shows a decline that is similar to the trend for the fieldweighted citation impact. Figure 0.13 Articles with citation counts in the top 1 st and 10 th percentile, Nanotechnologies, World, Source: SciVal.com, last updated 27 July 2015 If we look at the distribution of articles in the top 1 st percentile by country, we see that the US and UK are still leading the group of comparator countries, but the share has been reduced, especially for the US which have gone from 4.6% in 2010 to 2.6% in Likewise, Germany has seen his share cut by almost 50%, going from 3.0% to 1.6%; on the other hand Iran is the only country among the top 10 with an opposite trend, having increased its share from 1.0% to 1.8%.

16 CASE STUDY: NANOTECHNOLOGIES 16 Figure 0.14 Distribution of articles with citation counts in the top 1 st percentile by country, Nanotechnologies, 2010 and Source: SciVal.com, last updated 27 July 2015

17 CASE STUDY: NANOTECHNOLOGIES Collaboration It is a known fact that researchers are increasingly collaborating with international partners 6 and that this type of collaboration yields higher impact 7. One way to measure collaboration is by looking at co-authorship relationships in publications, which can be classified as international, national, institutional and single authorship (see Table 0.15 for the definitions). Table 0.15 Definitions of different geographic collaborations, based on co-authorship Type of Definition collaboration International Multi-authored research outputs where authors are affiliated with institutions in at least two different countries National Multi-authored research outputs where authors are affiliated with institutions in more than one institution but within the same country Institutional Multi-authored research outputs where all authors are affiliated with the same institution Single Author Single-authored research outputs The distribution of articles by collaboration type for the field of Nanotechnologies is represented in Figure Figure 0.16 Distribution of articles by collaboration type, Nanotechnologies, Source: SciVal.com, last updated 27 July 2015 It is striking that every year half of the articles result from institutional collaborations and that national and international collaborations are approximately equal, while it is 6 Pan, R. K., Kaski, K., and Fortunato, S. (2012) "World citation and collaboration networks: uncovering the role of geography in science," Scientific Reports. 2: 902. Retrieved online from: 7 Science Europe and Elsevier. (2013) "Comparative Benchmarking of European and US Research Collaboration and Researcher Mobility," Retrieved online from: documents and speeches/se and Elsevier Report Final.pdf; The Royal Society. (2011) "Knowledge, Networks and Nations: Global Scientific Collaboration in the 21st Century," (J. Wilson, et al, Eds.) London: The Royal Society. p Retrieved online from:

18 CASE STUDY: NANOTECHNOLOGIES 18 somewhat expected that publications with a single author are a small fraction of the total. It is worth exploring the collaboration patterns for the top 10 contributing countries, to see whether patterns emerge that may explain the aggregated figures. Figure 0.17 Distribution of articles by collaboration type and country, Nanotechnologies, Source: SciVal.com, last updated 27 July 2015 European countries, France and the UK in particular, have a high share of international collaborations, while US, South Korea and Japan have comparable proportions of institutional and international collaborations, although the latter are growing in all three countries. China, India and Iran, on the other hand, show a remarkably higher share of

19 CASE STUDY: NANOTECHNOLOGIES 19 institutional collaborations, which, combined with their high share of outputs, explains the aggregated figures seen above. While for certain countries international collaboration seems to reflect on scientific impact, this is not so evident for France. While it has the second largest value for international collaboration among the comparator countries, its performance is below the world s average citation impact, as shown in Figure Figure 0.18 Field-weighted citation impact (FWCI) vs. share of international collaborations by country. The FWCI value is normalized to the world average in Nanotechnologies Source: SciVal.com, last updated 27 July 2015 While the complex nature of research collaborations cannot be fully captured by statistics alone, it would be worthwhile to analyse in more detail the existing collaborations of French institutions in nanotechnology research projects to have a better understanding, especially taking into account the long-standing tradition of France as an international research partner.

20 APPENDIX A 20 Appendix A Methodology and data for the case study on Nanotechnologies Methodology and rationale Nanotechnologies, like other research fields having a broad spectrum of applications in different domains, pose interesting challenges in their definition, because the traditional top-down classification schemes, based on journals, may overlook significant contributions, like for example the publications from the multidisciplinary journals (such as Nature, Science, and others). Therefore, a bottom-up, publication-based approach is the preferred approach in such cases. Papers are selected with a keywords-based search, where a set of selected keywords defines the field of interest and filters on publication years, countries, etc. can be applied at a later stage. The search query and additional filters are used in SciVal to create a Research Area that constitutes the entity to which all subsequent analyses are applied. The methodology to create the keywords based search query consists of three steps. aggregated weight, so that each cluster includes concepts with similar importance in the definition of the research area. Step 3: Selection of key concepts and creation of the search query For each cluster, a further selection has been done, discarding concepts that are too generic (e.g. Temperature, Models, Materials ) and would lead to an increment in false positives (i.e. documents that include those concepts but are not actually relevant for nanotechnologies). The selected concepts are listed in the following table. Table 0.19 Key concepts selected to define Nanotechnologies. Nanoparticles Nanoelectronics Step 1: Creation of a reference corpus for the identification of key concepts in Nanotechnologies A list of 101 journals devoted to the dissemination of nanotechnologies and indexed in the Scopus database has been used as a starting point; this list is available in Appendix C. Of all the documents included in those journals, only those published in the years have been considered, besides only papers with at least one author from a French institution have been included, to emphasize the research areas that are of particular importance for this country. This has led to a set of 3737 publications on which the semantic analysis has been performed to extract key weighted concepts. Step 2: Extraction and ranking of key concepts and terms using semantic fingerprints Using the semantic Elsevier Fingerprint Engine (see Appendix B ), an array of weighted concepts drawn from the Compendex 8 thesaurus - has been extracted from each publication in the corpus. The resulting aggregated set of concepts has then been clustered into three groups, by applying a k-means clustering algorithm 9 which groups keywords with similar frequency and Nanowires Carbon nanotubes Graphene Semiconductor quantum dots Nanocrystals Nanostructures Nanotubes Nanocomposites Nanotechnology Nanostructured materials Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCN) Monolayers Nanoscience Carbon nanotube field effect transistors Nanoindentation Nanoshells Nanocrystallites Nanoprobes Carbon nanofibers Nanosheets Magnetite nanoparticles Nanoneedles Nanorings Nanolithography 8 See 9 See Nanorods Nanosensors

21 APPENDIX A 21 Semiconductor quantum wells Nanobiotechnology Nanoclusters Nanocomposite films Nanoimprint lithography Nanocrystalline powders Metal nanoparticles Nanocantilevers Nanocapsules Nanoreactors Medical nanotechnology Nanocrystallization Nanoribbons Nanotransistors Electron beam lithography Nanorobotics Nanofibers Nanomagnetics Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCN) Nanophotonics Nanotips Nanobelts Nanodiamonds Nanohorns Self assembled monolayers Nanocrystalline materials Nanospheres Nanocrystalline silicon NEMS Nanomechanics Nanosystems Nanorobots Nanofluidics Nanotribology

22 APPENDIX B 22 Appendix B Semantic Fingerprinting A semantic fingerprint consists of all the key concepts derived from a piece of text, weighted to reflect their relative importance. The Elsevier Fingerprint Engine can be used to determine the semantic fingerprint of any text, from grant applications to publications. A number of thesauri spanning all major disciplines, along with Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques, are applied to scan and analyze text; in this study, publications from the Scopus database were scanned to identify and weight key concepts and terms related to nanotechnologies research. The Elsevier Fingerprint Engine assigns to each document a collection of key representative concepts its semantic fingerprint. The advantage of using key concepts based on semantic fingerprint technology is that the resulting terms are of higher quality and are more representative than standard sets of keywords, which often contain duplicates, synonyms, and inclusion of irrelevant terms. With the Elsevier Fingerprint Engine, various NLP modules are applied to a text source, enabling the computer to recognize and interpret complex text, including idioms, hyphenations and abbreviations. The conceptfinding algorithm is sensitive to spelling variations such as case sensitivity, stop words, normalization, and word ordering, but ignores insignificant differences wherever these variations have no meaning. Concept finding can be constrained by part-ofspeech requirements on terms (e.g., lead identified as a noun or a verb) and also by immediate negated context (e.g., non- Hodgkin Lymphoma must not be found as Hodgkin Lymphoma ). Figure 0.1 shows an example of a semantic fingerprint based on a published abstract. The Elsevier Fingerprint Engine generates a graphical representation of the concepts and terms included in the abstract, weighted by importance. Semantic fingerprints can be used for describing themes and identifying all articles in Scopus worldwide that are related to a theme. Fingerprints are ideal for describing groups of articles and identifying articles that are related to one another in terms of subject area, such as nanotechnologies research. Fingerprints can be aggregated at the department, institute, and country level to examine research output, emerging research trends, who is doing the research, and where it is being done. Figure 0.1 Semantic fingerprint of a scientific abstract after processing by the Elsevier Fingerprint Engine.

23 APPENDIX C 23 Appendix C List of nanotechnology related journals used to select the keywords Source Title ISSN Coverage ACS Nano Advances in Nanoporous Materials Advances in Natural Sciences: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine and Biotechnology Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology BioNanoScience Cancer Nanotechnology Current Nanoscience Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures e-journal of Surface Science and Nanotechnology European Journal of Nanomedicine , Frontiers of Nanoscience , 2009 Fullerenes Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures X Handai Nanophotonics , 2004 IEE Proceedings Nanobiotechnology IEEE Nanotechnology Magazine IEEE Transactions on Nanobioscience IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology X IET Nanobiotechnology International Journal of Green Nanotechnology International Journal of Green X Nanotechnology: Biomedicine International Journal of Green Nanotechnology: Materials Science and Engineering International Journal of Green Nanotechnology: Physics and Chemistry International Journal of Nano and Biomaterials International Journal of Nanoelectronics and Materials International Journal of Nanomanufacturing International Journal of Nanomechanics Science and Technology International journal of nanomedicine International Journal of Nanoparticles International Journal of Nanoscience X International Journal of Nanotechnology International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology Journal of Bionanoscience Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience Journal of Experimental Nanoscience Journal of Laser Micro Nanoengineering Journal of Metastable and Nanocrystalline Materials

24 APPENDIX C 24 Journal of Micro/ Nanolithography, MEMS, and MOEMS Journal of Micro-Nano Mechatronics , Journal of Nano- and Electronic Physics Journal of Nano Research Journal of Nanobiotechnology Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics X Journal of Nanomaterials Journal of Nanomechanics and Micromechanics Journal of Nanoneuroscience , 2009 Journal of Nanoparticle Research Journal of Nanophotonics Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Journal of Nanostructured Polymers and Nanocomposites Journal of Nanotechnology Journal of Nanotechnology in Engineering and Medicine Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B: Microelectronics and , 1992, 1986, Nanometer Structures Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B: Nanotechnology and , Microelectronics Micro and Nano Letters Micro and Nanosystems Microfluidics and Nanofluidics Nami Jishu yu Jingmi Gongcheng/Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering Nano Nano - i Mikrosistemnaya Tekhnika Nano Biomedicine Nano Biomedicine and Engineering Nano Communication Networks Nano Energy Nano Letters Nano Research Nano Today Nanobiotechnology NanoEthics Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Nanomedicine Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology, and Medicine Nano-Micro Letters Nanopages Nanoscale Nanoscale Research Letters Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Letters NanoScience and Technology Nanostructured Materials Nanotechnologies in Russia Nanotechnology Nanotechnology Law and Business Nanotechnology Perceptions Nanotechnology, Science and Applications Nanotoxicology Nature Nanotechnology Odgojne znanosti/educational Sciences

25 APPENDIX C 25 Open Nanomedicine Journal Optical Nanoscopy Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications Physica E: Low-Dimensional Systems and Nanostructures , Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part N: Journal of Nanoengineering and Nanosystems Radovi - Zavoda za povijesne znanosti HAZU u Zadru Recent Patents on Nanotechnology RSC Nanoscience and Nanotechnology SPR Nanoscience Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic, Metal-Organic and Nano-Metal Chemistry Thin Films and Nanostructures , 2005, Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology

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