Group 8 Brian Evans Koji Kizuka Kakei Man Stephen Mushegan Andrew Park Ishmael Rahimian

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Loren Alexander
6 years ago
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1 Group 8 Brian Evans Koji Kizuka Kakei Man Stephen Mushegan Andrew Park Ishmael Rahimian

Radiotherapy localized tumors 3. Chemo Therapy metastasized cancers Our sponsor, Dr.

2 Americans that will get cancer at some point in their lives: 43.89% of all men 37.35% of all women There are 3 main methods for treatment of cancer 1. Surgery localized tumors 2. Radiotherapy localized tumors 3. Chemo Therapy metastasized cancers Our sponsor, Dr. Steve Jiang (Center for Advanced Radiotherapy Technologies), specializes in radiotherapy and that is where we are focusing our efforts Andrew

3 A medical linear accelerator, or Linac, is used to create high powered X-rays for tumor treatment X-rays damage DNA of cells Important to focus X-rays on tumors and not healthy tissue Andrew

4 Treatment plans are formed based medical imaging of tumor and tumor placement X-rays are applied from multiple angles to maximize X-Ray dosage to tumor while minimizing exposure to healthy cells Tumor X-rays Andrew

5 High-energy x-ray beam shoots through high-density metal Compensator changes shape and intensity of beam Andrew

6 Actively shapes X-ray in 2-D pattern of tumor The thickness of the tungsten leaves attenuates 99% of the X-ray Energy As X-ray switches angles, the shape of aperture changes according to a preplanned treatment schedule Koji

7 SIM s allow 3-D modulation of X-ray intensity to compensate for different tumor thicknesses Fabrication is outsourced Need 5-6 per patient Koji

affect treatment Need different SIM per angle of exposure

8 Cannot completely account for different tumor thicknesses Requires long radiation exposure Patient may move or breathe which could affect treatment Need different SIM per angle of exposure Time-consuming to switch out SIM Very heavy Large storage space required Koji

Dr. Jiang s Objective: Create a feasible concept of a dynamic intensity modulator Secondary: if not possible, at least find way to create static compensator in-house Team

9 Dr. Jiang s Objective: Create a feasible concept of a dynamic intensity modulator Secondary: if not possible, at least find way to create static compensator in-house Team s Objective: Create proof-of-concept hardware of Dynamic Intensity Modulator (DIM) Autonomous (no need for radiotherapist in room) Change contour of DIM in 2 minutes Koji

10 In-house SIM Columns (square wire) feed through the feed plate to create a compensator profile Shear plates cut to length Clamp Plates hold everything together Brian

11 In-house SIM Legos would be assembled by a robotic arm on a magnetic base plate to approximate the contour of the SIM (5mm resolution) There are approximately 20 different Lego heights (5mm 10 cm) Brian

12 Before the procedure, negative molds of the SIMs are made of nonattenuating substance like foam Heavy metal BB s fill the mold from a hopper BB s are drained to a container when the procedure for one angle is completed The turntable rotates to next position and the process is repeated Stephen

13 Deformable Radiation Absorbing Material Reservoir Radiotranslucent columns Stephen

14 Stephen

columns to reservoir using pneumatic actuator Flattens BB s on top

15 BB Pusher Pushes BB s from the reservoir to the columns using pneumatic actuator (off the shelf) Roof Pushes excess BB s from columns to reservoir using pneumatic actuator Flattens BB s on top of columns Pneumatic Actuators Roof Column Area Reservoir Area BB Pusher Kakei

16 Constant air pressure keeps columns up Tensile members pull columns down and control position Tensile members individually connected to servo motors Brian

17 Modified Servos New potentiometer Gear box Servos control position of columns by pulling down on tensile member Brian

18 Stephen

19 Not enough air pressure to move columns upward Challenges: requires high-tolerance machining Solutions Added lubricant between column and tube Added lubricant between columns ***LARGER hose diameter for incoming air Long-term solutions: Professional machine shop Koji

20 Koji

21 BBs jamming between reservoir and columns Increased the gap height to allow better flow of BBs Larger pneumatic actuator Kakei

22 Kakei

23 1 st mount - made out of acrylic Problem: Acrylic cannot hold weight of 25lbs of BB s 2 nd mount made out of Aluminum Solution: Aluminum much stronger than acrylic Kakei

24 Kakei

25 Column Outer Tube O-ring extrusion caused jamming Corrected with harder Teflon O-ring Brian

Requires time for testing & theoretical calculations - No

26 Many different materials forms non-uniform attenuation profile Current solution: Cut lead rings to compensate Requires time for testing & theoretical calculations - No longer high-priority objective (can push to next quarter) Andrew

27 Brian

28 Patients Reduce time required Reduce the surgery cost (SIM is no longer required) Improve the quality of the treatment -patient movement issue causes changing position Radiotherapists Weight concerns of the SIM Storage space in the operation room Hospital Reputation Faster treatment time Koji

29 Higher Resolution Design 30X30 columns ~total of 900 columns Tungsten BBs/ powder Multiple angle position Modify roof design to allow for 360-degree rotation Testing Perform a X-ray testing for uniformity and different desired intensity profile Miniaturization Reduce the size of the hardware for Commercial application Integration New method Integrate the DDR-RAM to the medical linear accelerator Stephen

30 SPONSORS Dr. Steve Jiang John Lewis UCSD MAE Dept. Dr. Nathan Delson Jesse Caldwell Special thanks to Bruce, Tom, Dave and Steve. Stephen

Bulk Deformation Processes

Bulk Deformation Processes Bachelor of Industrial Technology Management with Honours Semester I Session 2013/2014 TOPIC OUTLINE What is Bulk Deformation? Classification of Bulk Deformation Processes Types