Roots, microbes and mycelium vs Kopeopeo Canal Dioxin

Transcription

1 Roots, microbes and mycelium vs Kopeopeo Canal Dioxin NZs-harmful-dioxindumps/tabid/367/articleID/297055/ Default.aspx Dr. Joanne Kelly and Dr. Chris Anderson

2 Overview Bioremediation Original support for bioremediation of the Kopeopeo canal sediment Transition to full-scale bioremediation of the Kopeopeo Canal sediment

3 Bioremediation Definition: Use of microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) and plants to break down or degrade contaminants. Bioremediation goal: Detoxification of compound(s) and conversion to products that are no longer hazardous to human health and the environment.

4 Forms of Bioremediation In Situ Bioremediation Bioventing Biostimulation Bioaugmentation Natural attenuation Ex Situ Bioremediation Land farming Bioreactors Composting Biopiles

5 Feasibility/Effectiveness of Bioremediation Contaminant Environmental conditions Bioremediation Microorganism

6 Requirements for bioremediation Available moisture Oxygen Nutrients ph Temperature

7 The remediation systems

8 Bioremediation fungi: Basidomycetes and Zygomycetes Form complex extended mycelial networks Saprophytes - live on dead organic matter Possess ability to degrade cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin Lignin-degrading system is responsible for pollutant degradation Degradation is fortuitous no energy gain

9 The mycelium stays in constant molecular communication with its environment, divising diverse enzymatic and chemical responses to complex challenges Paul Stamets, from Mycelium running

10 Lignin Acts as a binding agent to hold wood cells together White rot fungi degrade lignin to CO 2 Dioxin

11 Fungal Enzymes wood Mix Dioxin contaminated soil

12 The process

13 Phytoremediation The use of plants to improve the environment Happens by way of extraction, degradation or management of soil contaminants For dioxin we are looking at degradation. The chemicals are broken down in the soil by microorganisms associated with plant roots

14 How does plant-remediation work? Water and contaminants out of the soil Sugars and organic material into the soil Biopumps Plant-remediation is driven by transpiration Remediation is linked to soil biological health

15 This is a completely natural process that will happen naturally over time Bioremediation technology is all about speeding up this natural process

16 What happens to dioxins in bioremediation? Anaerobic Bacteria: Dechlorination OCDD 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD 1,2,3,6,7,8- HxCDD 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD 2,3,7,8-TCDD 2,3,7- TrCDD 2,7-DCDD 2MCDD DD Basidiomycete Fungi Metabolise 2,3,7,8 TCDD and OCDD to 4,5- dichlorocatechol and tetrachlorocatechol, respectively Degradation pathway will affect TEQ

17 The meaning of Toxic Equivalent Quotient (TEQ)

18 Toxic Equivalent (TEQ) and Toxic Equivalency Factor (TEF) for Dioxin

19 Case Studies of Bioremediation of Kopeopeo Canal Te Ohu Mo Papatūānuku trial ( ) Dredge Trial ( )

20 Te Ohu Mo Papatūānuku trial results Combination of bioremediation technologies

21 Kopeopeo Canal Remediation dredging trials: bioremediation in the geobags Bin 1: wood chips mixed with sediment during bag filling Fungus and bacteria added to woodchips two months after bags filled Planted with willows Bin 2 Bags filled but no woodchips added Inoculated woodchips, fungus and bacteria added two months after bags filled Planted in willows Common measures Water content (by probes) Electrical conductivity (by probes) Temperature (by probes)

22 Moisture data at end of growth season Moisture content from example probe shown here (similar across three active probes and both bins) Sediment is dry throughout profile. Trees have dewatered well

23 4 th May Growth in the post-filling amended bag is superior

24 4 th May Blade of spade for scale Superior fungus development where chips were added post filling. Growth is immediately visible and dramatic

25 Trees ready for 2016/2017 growth season: 5 th August

26 How are we going to prepare the fungus for full scale ops?

27 Final comments.. where are we at now? Bioremediation plan is well defined As bioremediation consultants our job is to integrate our process with the engineering works to achieve the best-possible result Preparing for long-term monitoring