Introduction to Quantitative Genetics
|
|
- Brianna Wilcox
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Introduction to Quantitative Genetics Fourth Edition D. S. Falconer Trudy F. C. Mackay
2
3 PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS INTRODUCTION ix x xi xiii f GENETIC CONSTITUTION OF A POPULATION 1 Frequencies of genes and genotypes 1 Mendelian variation in natural populations Causes of chang e Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium 5 The Hardy-Weinberg law Applications of the Hardy-Weinberg la w Mating frequencies and another proof of the Hardy-Weinberg la w Multiple alleles Sex-linked genes More than one locu s Non-random mating 19 Assortative mating Problems 20 2 CHANGES OF GENE FREQUENCY 23 Migration 23 Mutation 24 Non-recurrent mutation Recurrent mutatio n Selection 25 Change of gene frequency under selection Effectiveness of selection Number of generations required Average fitness and loa d Equilibria 3 4 Balance between mutation and selection Changes of equilibriu m Selection favouring heterozygotes Polymorphism 42 Problems 45 3 SMALL POPULATIONS: I. CHANGES OF GENE FREQUENCY UNDER SIMPLIFIED CONDITIONS 48 The idealized population 49 Sampling 5 1 Variance of gene frequency Fixation Genotype frequencie s Inbreeding 5 7 Inbreeding in the idealized population Variance of gene frequency Genotypefrequencies Problems 63
4 4 SMALL POPULATIONS : II. LESS SIMPLIFIE D CONDITIONS 65 Effective population size 6 5 Exclusion ofclosely related matings Different numbers ofmales and females Unequal numbers in successive generations Non-random distribution offamily size Minimal inbreeding Overlapping generations Mutation, migration, and selection 7 2 Non-recurrent neutral mutation Recurrent mutation and migratio n Selection Random drift in natural populations 7 6 Polymorphism 7 8 Neutral theory Problems SMALL POPULATIONS : III. PEDIGREE D POPULATIONS AND CLOSE INBREEDING 82 Pedigreed populations $ 2 The inbreeding coefficient ofan individual Coancestry or kinship Regular systems of inbreeding $ 8 Close inbreeding Fixation Repeated backcrosses Crosses and subsequent generations Mixed inbreeding and crossing Change of base: structured population Mutation Selection favourin g heterozygotes Problems CONTINUOUS VARIATION 100 Metric characters 102 Properties of metric characters 104 Problems VALUES AND MEANS 10 8 Population mean 10 9 Average effect 11 2 Breeding value 114 Dominance deviation 116 Interaction deviation 119 Problems VARIANCE 122 Components of variance ' 122 Components as proportions ofthe total Estimation of the degree of genetic determination, VG/Vp Genetic components of varianc e Additive and dominance variance Total genetic variance Interactio n variance Variance due to disequilibriu m Correlation and interaction between genotype and environment 13 1 Correlation Interaction
5 Environmental variance 134 Multiple measurements: repeatability Summary of variance partitioning 14 3 Problems RESEMBLANCE BETWEEN RELATIVES 14 5 Genetic covariance 14 6 Offspring and one parent Offspring and mid-parent Half sibs Full sib s Twins General Epistatic interactio n Environmental covariance 15 5 Phenotypic resemblance 157 Problems HERITABILITY 160 Estimation of heritability 16 3 Offspring parent regression Sib analysis Intra-sire regression of offspring on dam Combined estimate s Twins and human data 17 1 Assortative mating 174 Precision of estimates and design of experiments 177 Offspring parent regression Sib analyses Selection ofparents Problems SELECTION : I. THE RESPONSE AND ITS PREDICTION 184 Response to selection 18 5 Prediction ofresponse Selection differential and intensity ofselection Improvement ofresponse Measurement of response 194 Variability ofgeneration means Weighting the selection differentia l Realized heritability Maternal effects Change of gene frequency under artificial selection 199 Effects of selection on variance 20 1 Problems SELECTION : II. THE RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTS 208 Short-term results 208 Repeatability ofresponse Sampling variance Asymmetry ofresponse Long-term results 21 5 Selection limits Mutation Causes of selection limits Number of loci (effective factors) and standardized effects Problem SELECTION : III. INFORMATION FROM RELATIVES 228 Criteria for selection 229 Simple methods Prediction ofresponse Combined selectio n Relative merits ofthe methods
6 Index selection 240 Construction of an index Accuracy Response to selectio n Actual achievements Problems INBREEDING AND CROSSBREEDING : I. CHANGES OF MEAN VALUE 247 Inbreeding depression 247 The effect of selection Heterosis 253 Single crosse s Problems INBREEDING AND CROSSBREEDING : II. CHANGE S OF VARIANCE 263 Inbreeding 264 Redistribution of genetic variance Environmental variance Uniformity of inbred strains Mutation 269 Subline divergenc e Crossing 27 2 Variance between crosses Combining ability Problems INBREEDING AND CROSSBREEDING : III. APPLICATIONS 281 Selection for combining ability Three-way and four-way crosses ; backcrosses Reciprocal recurrent selection Overdominanc e Naturally self-fertilizing plants Problems SCALE 290 Distribution and variance Interactions Conclusions Problems THRESHOLD CHARACTERS 29 9 Liability and threshold Two classes, one threshold Adequacy of th e liability model Scale relationships Three classes, two threshold s Selection for threshold characters Problems CORRELATED CHARACTERS 312 Genetic and environmental correlations 312 Estimation of the genetic correlatio n Correlated response to selection 31 7 Indirect selection Genotype-environment interaction 321
7 Index selection 32 5 Construction of the index Response Effect of selection on geneti c correlations Problems METRIC CHARACTERS UNDER NATURAL SELECTION 33 5 Natural selection 33 5 Fitness and its components Relationships between metric characters and fitness 33 7 `Fitness profiles ' Responses to natural selection 33 9 Fitness Correlated responses Strength of selectio n Equilibrium populations 34 2 Fitness Major components Characters with intermediate optim a Characters with minimum fitness of intermediates Neutral characters Origin of variation by mutation 34 8 Mutational variance Maintenance of genetic variation 35 1 Balance between neutral mutation and random drift Mutation-selection balanc e Problems QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI 356 Major genes 356 Methods of detection Methods for mapping QTLs 359 Marker loci QTL genotypes Single marker analysis Interva l mapping analysis Genetical and statistical considerations 366 Experimental design Multiple tests Maximum likelihood estimation Multiple QTLs Experimental results 370 Number of loci Gene effects Consistenc y From QTL to gene 37 5 Problem 37 7 APPENDIX TABLES 379 GLOSSARY OF SYMBOLS 38 1 Equivalence of symbols used by Mather and Jinks 38 3 SOLUTIONS OF PROBLEMS 38 5 REFERENCES 43 7 INDEX 459
A Primer of Ecological Genetics
A Primer of Ecological Genetics Jeffrey K. Conner Michigan State University Daniel L. Hartl Harvard University Sinauer Associates, Inc. Publishers Sunderland, Massachusetts U.S.A. Contents Preface xi Acronyms,
More information5/18/2017. Genotypic, phenotypic or allelic frequencies each sum to 1. Changes in allele frequencies determine gene pool composition over generations
Topics How to track evolution allele frequencies Hardy Weinberg principle applications Requirements for genetic equilibrium Types of natural selection Population genetic polymorphism in populations, pp.
More informationCombining Ability define by Gene Action
Combining Ability define by Gene Action Combining ability is a very important concept in plant breeding and it can be used to compare and investigate how two inbred lines can be combined together to produce
More informationPOPULATION GENETICS Winter 2005 Lecture 18 Quantitative genetics and QTL mapping
POPULATION GENETICS Winter 2005 Lecture 18 Quantitative genetics and QTL mapping - from Darwin's time onward, it has been widely recognized that natural populations harbor a considerably degree of genetic
More informationAn Introduction to Population Genetics
An Introduction to Population Genetics THEORY AND APPLICATIONS f 2 A (1 ) E 1 D [ ] = + 2M ES [ ] fa fa = 1 sf a Rasmus Nielsen Montgomery Slatkin Sinauer Associates, Inc. Publishers Sunderland, Massachusetts
More informationWhy do we need statistics to study genetics and evolution?
Why do we need statistics to study genetics and evolution? 1. Mapping traits to the genome [Linkage maps (incl. QTLs), LOD] 2. Quantifying genetic basis of complex traits [Concordance, heritability] 3.
More informationChapter 25 Population Genetics
Chapter 25 Population Genetics Population Genetics -- the discipline within evolutionary biology that studies changes in allele frequencies. Population -- a group of individuals from the same species that
More informationGENETICS - CLUTCH CH.21 POPULATION GENETICS.
!! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: HARDY-WEINBERG Hardy-Weinberg is a formula used to measure the frequencies of and genotypes in a population Allelic frequencies are the frequency of alleles in a population
More informationSELECTION AND BREEDING PROGRAMS IN AQUACULTURE
SELECTION AND BREEDING PROGRAMS IN AQUACULTURE Selection and Breeding Programs in Aquaculture edited by TRYGVE GJEDREM AKVAFORSK, Institute of Aquaculture Research AS, Norway A C.I.P. Catalogue record
More informationGENETICS - CLUTCH CH.20 QUANTITATIVE GENETICS.
!! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: MATHMATICAL MEASRUMENTS Common statistical measurements are used in genetics to phenotypes The mean is an average of values - A population is all individuals within the group
More informationPark /12. Yudin /19. Li /26. Song /9
Each student is responsible for (1) preparing the slides and (2) leading the discussion (from problems) related to his/her assigned sections. For uniformity, we will use a single Powerpoint template throughout.
More informationVariation Chapter 9 10/6/2014. Some terms. Variation in phenotype can be due to genes AND environment: Is variation genetic, environmental, or both?
Frequency 10/6/2014 Variation Chapter 9 Some terms Genotype Allele form of a gene, distinguished by effect on phenotype Haplotype form of a gene, distinguished by DNA sequence Gene copy number of copies
More informationBIOLOGY 3201 UNIT 4 EVOLUTION CH MECHANISMS OF EVOLUTION
BIOLOGY 3201 UNIT 4 EVOLUTION CH. 20 - MECHANISMS OF EVOLUTION POPULATION GENETICS AND HARDY WEINBERG PRINCIPLE Population genetics: this is a study of the genes in a population and how they may or may
More informationDistinguishing Among Sources of Phenotypic Variation in Populations
Population Genetics Distinguishing Among Sources of Phenotypic Variation in Populations Discrete vs. continuous Genotype or environment (nature vs. nurture) Phenotypic variation - Discrete vs. Continuous
More informationPapers for 11 September
Papers for 11 September v Kreitman M (1983) Nucleotide polymorphism at the alcohol-dehydrogenase locus of Drosophila melanogaster. Nature 304, 412-417. v Hishimoto et al. (2010) Alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase
More informationConifer Translational Genomics Network Coordinated Agricultural Project
Conifer Translational Genomics Network Coordinated Agricultural Project Genomics in Tree Breeding and Forest Ecosystem Management ----- Module 4 Quantitative Genetics Nicholas Wheeler & David Harry Oregon
More informationQuantitative Genetics, Genetical Genomics, and Plant Improvement
Quantitative Genetics, Genetical Genomics, and Plant Improvement Bruce Walsh. jbwalsh@u.arizona.edu. University of Arizona. Notes from a short course taught June 2008 at the Summer Institute in Plant Sciences
More informationWe are IntechOpen, the world s leading publisher of Open Access books Built by scientists, for scientists. International authors and editors
We are IntechOpen, the world s leading publisher of Open Access books Built by scientists, for scientists 3,800 116,000 10M Open access books available International authors and editors Downloads Our authors
More informationSummary for BIOSTAT/STAT551 Statistical Genetics II: Quantitative Traits
Summary for BIOSTAT/STAT551 Statistical Genetics II: Quantitative Traits Gained an understanding of the relationship between a TRAIT, GENETICS (single locus and multilocus) and ENVIRONMENT Theoretical
More informationQuantitative Genetics
Quantitative Genetics Polygenic traits Quantitative Genetics 1. Controlled by several to many genes 2. Continuous variation more variation not as easily characterized into classes; individuals fall into
More informationMECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION CHAPTER 20
MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION CHAPTER 20 Objectives State the Hardy-Weinburg theorem Write the Hardy-Weinburg equation and be able to use it to calculate allele and genotype frequencies List the conditions
More informationThe Evolution of Populations
Chapter 23 The Evolution of Populations PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from
More informationUniversity of York Department of Biology B. Sc Stage 2 Degree Examinations
Examination Candidate Number: Desk Number: University of York Department of Biology B. Sc Stage 2 Degree Examinations 2016-17 Evolutionary and Population Genetics Time allowed: 1 hour and 30 minutes Total
More informationb. (3 points) The expected frequencies of each blood type in the deme if mating is random with respect to variation at this locus.
NAME EXAM# 1 1. (15 points) Next to each unnumbered item in the left column place the number from the right column/bottom that best corresponds: 10 additive genetic variance 1) a hermaphroditic adult develops
More informationConifer Translational Genomics Network Coordinated Agricultural Project
Conifer Translational Genomics Network Coordinated Agricultural Project Genomics in Tree Breeding and Forest Ecosystem Management ----- Module 3 Population Genetics Nicholas Wheeler & David Harry Oregon
More informationSYLLABUS AND SAMPLE QUESTIONS FOR JRF IN BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLGY 2011
SYLLABUS AND SAMPLE QUESTIONS FOR JRF IN BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLGY 2011 SYLLABUS 1. Introduction: Definition and scope; subdivisions of anthropology; application of genetics in anthropology. 2. Human evolution:
More informationPopulation Genetics Modern Synthesis Theory The Hardy-Weinberg Theorem Assumptions of the H-W Theorem
Population Genetics A Population is: a group of same species organisms living in an area An allele is: one of a number of alternative forms of the same gene that may occur at a given site on a chromosome.
More informationBST227 Introduction to Statistical Genetics. Lecture 3: Introduction to population genetics
BST227 Introduction to Statistical Genetics Lecture 3: Introduction to population genetics 1 Housekeeping HW1 due on Wednesday TA office hours today at 5:20 - FXB G11 What have we studied Background Structure
More information16.2 Evolution as Genetic Change
16.2 Evolution as Genetic Change 1 of 40 16-2 Evolution as Genetic Change 16-2 Evolution as Genetic Change If an individual dies without reproducing, it does not contribute to the gene pool. If an individual
More informationThe Evolution of Populations
The Evolution of Populations What you need to know How and reproduction each produce genetic. The conditions for equilibrium. How to use the Hardy-Weinberg equation to calculate allelic and to test whether
More informationLecture 10: Introduction to Genetic Drift. September 28, 2012
Lecture 10: Introduction to Genetic Drift September 28, 2012 Announcements Exam to be returned Monday Mid-term course evaluation Class participation Office hours Last Time Transposable Elements Dominance
More informationLet s call the recessive allele r and the dominant allele R. The allele and genotype frequencies in the next generation are:
Problem Set 8 Genetics 371 Winter 2010 1. In a population exhibiting Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, 23% of the individuals are homozygous for a recessive character. What will the genotypic, phenotypic and
More informationThe Modern Synthesis. Terms and Concepts. Evolutionary Processes. I. Introduction: Where do we go from here? What do these things have in common?
Evolutionary Processes I. Introduction - The modern synthesis Reading: Chap. 25 II. No evolution: Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium A. Population genetics B. Assumptions of H-W III. Causes of microevolution (forces
More informationHow Populations Evolve. Chapter 15
How Populations Evolve Chapter 15 Populations Evolve Biological evolution does not change individuals It changes a population Traits in a population vary among individuals Evolution is change in frequency
More informationBST227 Introduction to Statistical Genetics. Lecture 3: Introduction to population genetics
BST227 Introduction to Statistical Genetics Lecture 3: Introduction to population genetics!1 Housekeeping HW1 will be posted on course website tonight 1st lab will be on Wednesday TA office hours have
More informationStatistical Methods for Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) Mapping
Statistical Methods for Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) Mapping Lectures 4 Oct 10, 011 CSE 57 Computational Biology, Fall 011 Instructor: Su-In Lee TA: Christopher Miles Monday & Wednesday 1:00-1:0 Johnson
More informationEvolutionary Mechanisms
Evolutionary Mechanisms Tidbits One misconception is that organisms evolve, in the Darwinian sense, during their lifetimes Natural selection acts on individuals, but only populations evolve Genetic variations
More informationOutline of lectures 9-11
GENOME 453 J. Felsenstein Evolutionary Genetics Autumn, 2011 Genetics of quantitative characters Outline of lectures 9-11 1. When we have a measurable (quantitative) character, we may not be able to discern
More informationGenetics of dairy production
Genetics of dairy production E-learning course from ESA Charlotte DEZETTER ZBO101R11550 Table of contents I - Genetics of dairy production 3 1. Learning objectives... 3 2. Review of Mendelian genetics...
More informationTEST FORM A. 2. Based on current estimates of mutation rate, how many mutations in protein encoding genes are typical for each human?
TEST FORM A Evolution PCB 4673 Exam # 2 Name SSN Multiple Choice: 3 points each 1. The horseshoe crab is a so-called living fossil because there are ancient species that looked very similar to the present-day
More informationIntroduction to quantitative genetics
8 Introduction to quantitative genetics Purpose and expected outcomes Most of the traits that plant breeders are interested in are quantitatively inherited. It is important to understand the genetics that
More informationThe Theory of Evolution
The Theory of Evolution Mechanisms of Evolution Notes Pt. 4 Population Genetics & Evolution IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER: Populations, not individuals, evolve. Population = a group of individuals of the same
More informationRandom Allelic Variation
Random Allelic Variation AKA Genetic Drift Genetic Drift a non-adaptive mechanism of evolution (therefore, a theory of evolution) that sometimes operates simultaneously with others, such as natural selection
More informationThe Evolution of Populations
Chapter 23 The Evolution of Populations PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from
More informationLecture #3 1/23/02 Dr. Kopeny Model of polygenic inheritance based on three genes
Lecture #3 1/23/02 Dr. Kopeny Model of polygenic inheritance based on three genes Reference; page 230 in textbook 13 Genotype; The genetic constitution governing a heritable trait of an organism Phenotype:
More informationThe Evolution of Populations
The Evolution of Populations Population genetics Population: a localized group of individuals belonging to the same species Species: a group of populations whose individuals have the potential to interbreed
More informationPOPULATION GENETICS. Evolution Lectures 4
POPULATION GENETICS Evolution Lectures 4 POPULATION GENETICS The study of the rules governing the maintenance and transmission of genetic variation in natural populations. Population: A freely interbreeding
More informationMarker Assisted Selection Where, When, and How. Lecture 18
Marker Assisted Selection Where, When, and How 1 2 Introduction Quantitative Genetics Selection Based on Phenotype and Relatives Information ε µ β + + = d Z d X Y Chuck = + Y Z Y X A Z Z X Z Z X X X d
More informationEFFICIENT DESIGNS FOR FINE-MAPPING OF QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI USING LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM AND LINKAGE
EFFICIENT DESIGNS FOR FINE-MAPPING OF QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI USING LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM AND LINKAGE S.H. Lee and J.H.J. van der Werf Department of Animal Science, University of New England, Armidale,
More information1) (15 points) Next to each term in the left-hand column place the number from the right-hand column that best corresponds:
1) (15 points) Next to each term in the left-hand column place the number from the right-hand column that best corresponds: natural selection 21 1) the component of phenotypic variance not explained by
More informationCHAPTER 23 THE EVOLUTIONS OF POPULATIONS. Section A: Population Genetics
CHAPTER 23 THE EVOLUTIONS OF POPULATIONS Section A: Population Genetics 1. The modern evolutionary synthesis integrated Darwinian selection and Mendelian inheritance 2. A population s gene pool is defined
More informationPopulation Genetics (Learning Objectives)
Population Genetics (Learning Objectives) Recognize the quantitative nature of the study of population genetics and its connection to the study of genetics and its applications. Define the terms population,
More informationPopulation Genetics (Learning Objectives)
Population Genetics (Learning Objectives) Recognize the quantitative nature of the study of population genetics and its connection to the study of genetics and its applications. Define the terms population,
More informationQTL Mapping, MAS, and Genomic Selection
QTL Mapping, MAS, and Genomic Selection Dr. Ben Hayes Department of Primary Industries Victoria, Australia A short-course organized by Animal Breeding & Genetics Department of Animal Science Iowa State
More informationGenomic management of animal genetic diversity
Genomic management of animal genetic diversity 15.00 hrs Welcome by Roel Veerkamp 15.05 hrs Kor Oldenbroek: Introduction & challenges 15.20 hrs Jesús Fernández: Genomic tools to define genetic diversity
More information4 th Exam is Thursday, December 9. Review session will be at 5:00 PM Wednesday, December 8
4 th Exam is Thursday, December 9 Review session will be at 5:00 PM Wednesday, December 8 Final Exam Final exam will be Dec. 16, 8:00-10:00 AM Yellow Sheets: You will be allowed to put whatever you want
More informationPopulation genetics. Population genetics provides a foundation for studying evolution How/Why?
Population genetics 1.Definition of microevolution 2.Conditions for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium 3.Hardy-Weinberg equation where it comes from and what it means 4.The five conditions for equilibrium in more
More informationApplication of MAS in French dairy cattle. Guillaume F., Fritz S., Boichard D., Druet T.
Application of MAS in French dairy cattle Guillaume F., Fritz S., Boichard D., Druet T. Considerations about dairy cattle Most traits of interest are sex linked Generation interval are long Recent emphasis
More informationQTL Mapping Using Multiple Markers Simultaneously
SCI-PUBLICATIONS Author Manuscript American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science (3): 195-01, 007 ISSN 1557-4989 007 Science Publications QTL Mapping Using Multiple Markers Simultaneously D.
More informationThe Evolution of Populations
Microevolution The Evolution of Populations C H A P T E R 2 3 Change in allele frequencies over generations Three mechanisms cause allele frequency change: Natural selection (leads to adaptation) Genetic
More informationLecture 5: Genetic Variation and Inbreeding. September 7, 2012
Lecture 5: Genetic Variation and Inbreeding September 7, 01 Announcements I will be out of town Thursday Sept 0 through Sunday, Sept 4 No office hours Friday, Sept 1: Prof. Hawkins will give a guest lecture
More informationLab 2: Mathematical Modeling: Hardy-Weinberg 1. Overview. In this lab you will:
AP Biology Name Lab 2: Mathematical Modeling: Hardy-Weinberg 1 Overview In this lab you will: 1. learn about the Hardy-Weinberg law of genetic equilibrium, and 2. study the relationship between evolution
More informationPopulation Genetics. Chapter 16
Population Genetics Chapter 16 Populations and Gene Pools Evolution is the change of genetic composition of populations over time. Microevolution is change within species which can occur over dozens of
More informationPOPULATION GENETICS. Evolution Lectures 1
POPULATION GENETICS Evolution Lectures 1 POPULATION GENETICS The study of the rules governing the maintenance and transmission of genetic variation in natural populations. Population: A freely interbreeding
More informationHigh-density SNP Genotyping Analysis of Broiler Breeding Lines
Animal Industry Report AS 653 ASL R2219 2007 High-density SNP Genotyping Analysis of Broiler Breeding Lines Abebe T. Hassen Jack C.M. Dekkers Susan J. Lamont Rohan L. Fernando Santiago Avendano Aviagen
More informationSection KEY CONCEPT A population shares a common gene pool.
Section 11.1 KEY CONCEPT A population shares a common gene pool. Genetic variation in a population increases the chance that some individuals will survive. Why it s beneficial: Genetic variation leads
More informationIntroductory Models, Effective Population Size
Introductory Models, Effective Population Size Models Intentional simplification of complex relationships Eliminate extraneous detail, focus on key parameters Appropriate and useful first approximations
More informationBIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH.14 - MENDELIAN GENETICS.
!! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: MENDEL S EXPERIMENT Gregor Mendel designed an experiment to study inheritance in pea plants. Character a feature that can be inherited, and shows variation between individuals
More informationGenomic selection applies to synthetic breeds
Genomic selection applies to synthetic breeds Jérémie Vandenplas, Mario P.L. Calus 21 November 2015 Traditional selection Aim Selection of the best animals to create the next generation Based on estimated
More informationBio 312, Exam 3 ( 1 ) Name:
Bio 312, Exam 3 ( 1 ) Name: Please write the first letter of your last name in the box; 5 points will be deducted if your name is hard to read or the box does not contain the correct letter. Written answers
More informationIntroduction Genetics in Human Society The Universality of Genetic Principles Model Organisms Organizing the Study of Genetics The Concept of the
Introduction Genetics in Human Society The Universality of Genetic Principles Model Organisms Organizing the Study of Genetics The Concept of the Gene Genetic Analysis Molecular Foundations of Genetics
More informationStrategy for Applying Genome-Wide Selection in Dairy Cattle
Strategy for Applying Genome-Wide Selection in Dairy Cattle L. R. Schaeffer Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock Department of Animal & Poultry Science University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G
More informationQuestions we are addressing. Hardy-Weinberg Theorem
Factors causing genotype frequency changes or evolutionary principles Selection = variation in fitness; heritable Mutation = change in DNA of genes Migration = movement of genes across populations Vectors
More informationGenetic Variation. Genetic Variation within Populations. Population Genetics. Darwin s Observations
Genetic Variation within Populations Population Genetics Darwin s Observations Genetic Variation Underlying phenotypic variation is genetic variation. The potential for genetic variation in individuals
More informationFOREST GENETICS. The role of genetics in domestication, management and conservation of forest tree populations
FOREST GENETICS The role of genetics in domestication, management and conservation of forest tree populations Yousry A. El-Kassaby y.el-kassaby@ubc.ca Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences Forest
More informationVirtual Lab 2 Hardy-Weinberg
Name Period Assignment # Virtual Lab 2 Hardy-Weinberg http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/labbench/lab8/intro.html Read the introduction Click Next 1) Define allele 2) Define Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
More informationGenetic Equilibrium: Human Diversity Student Version
Genetic Equilibrium: Human Diversity Student Version Key Concepts: A population is a group of organisms of the same species that live and breed in the same area. Alleles are alternate forms of genes. In
More informationLecture 5: Inbreeding and Allozymes. Sept 1, 2006
Lecture 5: Inbreeding and Allozymes Sept 1, 2006 Last Time Tandem repeats and recombination Organellar DNA Introduction to DNA in populations Organelle Inheritance Organelles can be excluded from one parent's
More informationTile Theory of Pre-Breeding
189 Tile Theory of Pre-Breeding G. A. Smith USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Northern Crop Science Laboratory, Fargo, ND 58105 ABSTRACT Population changes and their dependent gene frequencies are affected
More informationDESIGNS FOR QTL DETECTION IN LIVESTOCK AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR MAS
DESIGNS FOR QTL DETECTION IN LIVESTOCK AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR MAS D.J de Koning, J.C.M. Dekkers & C.S. Haley Roslin Institute, Roslin, EH25 9PS, United Kingdom, DJ.deKoning@BBSRC.ac.uk Iowa State University,
More informationLAB ACTIVITY ONE POPULATION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017
OVERVIEW In this lab you will: 1. learn about the Hardy-Weinberg law of genetic equilibrium, and 2. study the relationship between evolution and changes in allele frequency by using your class to represent
More informationExperimental Design and Sample Size Requirement for QTL Mapping
Experimental Design and Sample Size Requirement for QTL Mapping Zhao-Bang Zeng Bioinformatics Research Center Departments of Statistics and Genetics North Carolina State University zeng@stat.ncsu.edu 1
More informationTwo-locus models. Two-locus models. Two-locus models. Two-locus models. Consider two loci, A and B, each with two alleles:
The human genome has ~30,000 genes. Drosophila contains ~10,000 genes. Bacteria contain thousands of genes. Even viruses contain dozens of genes. Clearly, one-locus models are oversimplifications. Unfortunately,
More informationIdentifying Genes Underlying QTLs
Identifying Genes Underlying QTLs Reading: Frary, A. et al. 2000. fw2.2: A quantitative trait locus key to the evolution of tomato fruit size. Science 289:85-87. Paran, I. and D. Zamir. 2003. Quantitative
More information11.1 Genetic Variation Within Population. KEY CONCEPT A population shares a common gene pool.
11.1 Genetic Variation Within Population KEY CONCEPT A population shares a common gene pool. 11.1 Genetic Variation Within Population Genetic variation in a population increases the chance that some individuals
More informationThe Hardy-Weinberg Principle. Essential Learning Objectives 1.A.1 (g) and 1.A.1 (h)
The Hardy-Weinberg Principle Essential Learning Objectives 1.A.1 (g) and 1.A.1 (h) Evolution of Populations Individuals do not evolve, but rather, populations evolve Scientists use mathematical models
More informationGenetics - Fall 2004 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Professor Chris Kaiser Professor Gerry Fink Professor Leona Samson
7.03 - Genetics - Fall 2004 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Professor Chris Kaiser Professor Gerry Fink Professor Leona Samson 1 1. Consider an autosomal recessive trait that occurs at a frequency
More informationExam 1, Fall 2012 Grade Summary. Points: Mean 95.3 Median 93 Std. Dev 8.7 Max 116 Min 83 Percentage: Average Grade Distribution:
Exam 1, Fall 2012 Grade Summary Points: Mean 95.3 Median 93 Std. Dev 8.7 Max 116 Min 83 Percentage: Average 79.4 Grade Distribution: Name: BIOL 464/GEN 535 Population Genetics Fall 2012 Test # 1, 09/26/2012
More informationAP BIOLOGY Population Genetics and Evolution Lab
AP BIOLOGY Population Genetics and Evolution Lab In 1908 G.H. Hardy and W. Weinberg independently suggested a scheme whereby evolution could be viewed as changes in the frequency of alleles in a population
More informationThis is DUE: Tuesday, March 1, 2011 Come prepared to share your findings with your group.
Biology 160 NAME: Reading Guide 12: Population Dynamics, Humans, Part II This is DUE: Tuesday, March 1, 2011 Come prepared to share your findings with your group. *As before, please turn in only the Critical
More informationUse of marker information in PIGBLUP v5.20
Use of marker information in PIGBLUP v5.20 Ron Crump and Bruce Tier Animal Genetics and Breeding Unit, a joint venture of NSW Department of Primary Industries and The University of New England. Introduction
More informationModule 1 Principles of plant breeding
Covered topics, Distance Learning course Plant Breeding M1-M5 V2.0 Dr. Jan-Kees Goud, Wageningen University & Research The five main modules consist of the following content: Module 1 Principles of plant
More information-Is change in the allele frequencies of a population over generations -This is evolution on its smallest scale
Remember: -Evolution is a change in species over time -Heritable variations exist within a population -These variations can result in differential reproductive success -Over generations this can result
More informationA little knowledge is a dangerous thing. So is a lot. Albert Einstein. Distribution of grades: Exam I. Genetics. Genetics. Genetics.
A little knowledge is a dangerous thing. So is a lot. Albert Einstein Percentage Distribution of grades: Exam I.5.4.3.2. A B C D F Grade If Huntington s disease is a dominant trait, shouldn t most people
More informationPopGen1: Introduction to population genetics
PopGen1: Introduction to population genetics Introduction MICROEVOLUTION is the term used to describe the dynamics of evolutionary change in populations and species over time. The discipline devoted to
More informationImplementing direct and indirect markers.
Chapter 16. Brian Kinghorn University of New England Some Definitions... 130 Directly and indirectly marked genes... 131 The potential commercial value of detected QTL... 132 Will the observed QTL effects
More informationEdexcel (B) Biology A-level
Edexcel (B) Biology A-level Topic 8: Origins of Genetic Variation Notes Meiosis is reduction division. The main role of meiosis is production of haploid gametes as cells produced by meiosis have half the
More informationGenetic drift. 1. The Nature of Genetic Drift
Genetic drift. The Nature of Genetic Drift To date, we have assumed that populations are infinite in size. This assumption enabled us to easily calculate the expected frequencies of alleles and genotypes
More informationLABORATORY 8: POPULATION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION
LABORATORY 8: POPULATION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION OVERVIEW In this activity you will learn about the Hardy-Weinberg law of genetic equilibrium and study the relationship between evolution and changes in
More informationMonday, November 8 Shantz 242 E (the usual place) 5:00-7:00 PM
Review Session Monday, November 8 Shantz 242 E (the usual place) 5:00-7:00 PM I ll answer questions on my material, then Chad will answer questions on his material. Test Information Today s notes, the
More information