IBM Software Delivery Platform (SDP) V7

Transcription

1 IBM Software Group IBM Software Delivery Platform (SDP) V7 Governing the Process of Software and Systems Delivery Alfred Tse, Rational Services Manager, Greater China 2006 IBM Corporation

2 The evolution of customer priorities driving the convergence of business drivers and software delivery Process management Project management F O C U S Change, quality & release management Global process & project management with emphasis on collaboration Continuous portfolio & lifecycle management aligned with business imperatives Software delivery Resource availability Design & construction Governance S C O P E Individual Team Organization Business 2

3 IBM Rational Software Our brand value Governing the business process of software & systems delivery Decades of proven process expertise and customer success 3

4 IBM Rational software A strategic partner in business innovation & transformation Business imperatives Global capability Business flexibility Time to value Risk & compliance management Governance & lifecycle management Governing the business process of software & systems delivery Decades of proven process expertise & customer success Business innovation & transformation Alignment Control Efficiency 4

5 IBM Rational Software Delivery Platform What we offer Process design & implementation expertise based on the market s leading solutions delivery platform Governance expertise & dashboards Process & portfolio management Change & release management Quality management Architecture management Development productivity Geographically distributed development & delivery SOA governance & service lifecycle management Risk & compliance management Open technology & community innovation for collaborative process driven software & systems engineering 5

6 Challenge: A structured approach to service reuse Scenario: Large department store chain acquires a specialty retailer Parent company needs to revamp and consolidate their credit checking service but maintain niche customer front-end. Ad hoc SOA initiatives ongoing at headquarters and an acquired company located overseas. How do I effectively map to the business process models being provided to us? IT team (Headquarters) Do I integrate external services & assets or do I create new services? How do I speed deployment & improve quality by reuse? IT team (Acquired company) How do I coordinate all this & ensure the integrity of the plan? 6

7 Challenge: Leveraging open source innovation for enterprise software development Scenario: Software developer needs flexibility to choose development environments for multiple projects. Customer needs to manage and maintain a heterogeneous development environment while taking advantage of the innovation provided by open source to remain at the forefront of their industry. How do I provide only the tools that my developers need? How do I ensure quality support for my open source environment? How can I leverage the open source tools I already have? 7

8 IBM Rational Software Delivery Platform v7.0 Scaling the business of global architecture, design and quality Speed SOA results IBM Rational provides model driven development discipline to create the right services architecture Ensure global architectural integrity IBM Rational helps reconcile and manage distributed development artifacts Simplify systems and solutions delivery IBM Rational combines IT and systems practices under common initiatives and accelerate delivery with packaged application integration Accelerated creation and reliability of reusable services within a business process model Traceability and visibility across lifecycle critical to SOA governance Transparent adherence to systems standards and compliance drivers Gain competitive advantage with IBM Rational software open technology, flexibility and community innovation IBM Rational s compatibility with Eclipse and commitment to consumability offers best ROI on open source investments 8

9 IBM Rational Architecture Management Create business process model Business Analyst Trace Create and Manage software delivery requirements Requirements Analyst Govern architectural changes across the lifecycle Linkage of business architecture to service implementation Compare Processes, patterns & profiles Reconcile Architecture to code transform Implement new & integrate existing services Developer Software Architect Create architectural modeling enabling the tasks from BPM to be automated Architectural evolution & reconciliation Governance framework automation & tracking 9

10 Depository Vendor Setup Banks Vendor They are to help make the diagram easier to Process Servers Depository I17 Customer Perceived read. Budget Vendor Setup Maintenance (Imaging) NEW Soundscan Banks Sterling VAN UAR - Universal Account In-Stock NPD Group For More Information: See the database Analysis Tool Mesa Data Roadshow AIG Warranty Guard Mailbox (Value) Reconcilliation Printer containing information about each S20-Sales They are to help make the diagram easier to Maintenance Vendor application: Application V4.mdb Process Servers Polling I13- Auto I17 Customer Perceived read. Budget Maintenance NEW Soundscan Sterling VAN UAR - Universal Account I15 Hand Scan (Imaging) I06 - Customer Replenishment In-Stock NPD Group For More Information: See the database Mesa Data Roadshow AIG Warranty Guard Mailbox (Value) Reconcilliation Apps Analysis Tool Printer PO Insertions Printer containing information about each S20-Sales S01 - Sales Order AIS Reports Orders Maintenance application: Application V4.mdb AIS Calendar Polling Corrections I13- Auto I15 Hand Scan Replenishment Due Dates I06 - Customer Print Costing I06 Warehouse Apps Printer PO General Insertions S01 - Sales Order AIS Reports Invoice App Management Orders Stores & Mrkts Broadcast AIS Maintenance Calendar E13 Corrections Filter E3 Interface Fringe PO I06 Warehouse Smart Due Plus Dates Print Costing General Invoice App Management Smart Stores Plus & Mrkts Broadcast M03 - Millennuim Maintenance 3.0 E13 Launcher Filter E3 Interface S04 - Sales Posting Fringe PO Smart Plus S07 - Cell P16 - Tally Smart Sheet Plus M03 - Millennuim 3.0 Phones I03 Return to M02 - Millennium D01 Post Load Vendor S04 - Sales Posting S06 - Credit App Launcher Billing S07 - Cell Equifax I03 Return to Stock Options P16 - Tally Sheet Phones M02 - Millennium D01 Post Load Vendor S06 - Credit App P15 EES Employee Billing I12 Entertainment S09 - Digital L02-Resource Change Notice Software Satellite A04 - Cust Equifax System Scheduling Stock Options L01-Promo 1 Refund Chks E01-EDI (Campbell) P15 EES Employee I12 Entertainment S09 - Digital Analysis L02-Resource P14 On-line Change NewNotice Software Satellite Scheduling Hire Entry A04 - Cust System L01-Promo Refund Chks AAS 1 E01-EDI V02-Price Resumix (Campbell) P01- Analysis Marketing Employee Washington, P14 On-line New Support Masterfile RGIS, Hire Entry AAS V02-Price Ntl Bus Systems Resumix P09 - P17 Cobra P01- Cyborg Frick S11 - ISP Marketing Employee Washington, CTS Co CTO2.Bestbuy. Support Masterfile I10 Cycle Physical Tracking com I04 Home RGIS, Inventory ACH P09 - P17 Deliveries Ntl Bus Systems Cobra V04-Sign Prodigy Cyborg Frick S11 - ISP System CTS Co U18 CTO2.Bestbuy. - I10 Cycle Physical Tracking Banks - ACH and Pos to com I04 Home Inventory I02 - POS ACHPay Deliveries Transfers X92-X96 V04-Sign Host to AS400 Prodigy Plan Administrators System U18 - CTO Communication (401K, Banks PCS, Life, - ACH and Pos to I02 - POS Spec Source B01 - Stock Pay Transfers X92-X96 Unicare, Solomon SKU Tracking Status I11 Price Host to AS400 Smith Barney) I09 Cycle Counts Plan Administrators Testing Supplier S08 - Vertex Communication (401K, PCS, Life, Intercept Sales NPD, Spec Source B01 - Stock S02 - Compliance E02-Employee Unicare, Solomon Tax SoundScanSKU Tracking Status Layaways Purchase I11 Price Smith Barney) I09 Cycle Counts S08 - Vertex Spec Testing Supplier Intercept Sales NPD, S02 - I01 PO Source Compliance Scorecard E02-Employee - HR Tax SoundScan Layaways Receiving SKU Purchase V03- Mkt Performance Reactions Spec L60 MDF I01 PO P09 Source Scorecard - HR S03-Polling I05 Coop V01-Price Management Receiving SKU Bonus/HR SKU Selection V03- Mkt System Inventory Info Tool Performance Reactions L60 MDF P09 S03-Polling V01-Price Management I05 Coop Bonus/HR I35 - CEI SKU Selection System Inventory Info K02 Tool ASIS Customer Repair I35 Early Warning Arthur Planning Tracking I18 System RebateI35 - CEI SKU Rep K02 Transfer ASIS Customer Repair I55 SKU I35 Early Warning Arthur Planning Tracking I07 Purchase Store I18 Information System Order Rebate Ad Expense Monitor ELT SKU Rep PowerSuite Transfer G02 - General Ledger I55 SKU I07 Purchase Store Information Store Order ELT Scorecard Ad Expense Texlon Monitor 3.5 Sign PowerSuite G02 - General System Ledger NARM I14 Count Corrections Store Store Budget Scorecard Texlon 3.5 Sign Reporting Valley Media System U16-Texlon B02 Merchandise CopyWriter's Analysis NARM I14 Count Corrections BMP Store - BusBudget Workspace performance Reporting Mngt EDI Valley Media U16-Texlon B02 Merchandise Coordinator CopyWriter's Analysis BMP - Bus Merch Mngr Approval Workspace performance Mngt Batch Forcasting AIMS EDI Journal Entry Tool Kit Ad Measurement A05 - AP Coordinator AIMS Admin Merch Mngr Approval Batch Forcasting AIMS Cellular INVENTORY CONTROL APPS - PC Journal INVENTORY Entry Tool CONTROL Kit APPS - PC ACCTS REC APPS - PC Ad Measurement A05 - AP Code Alarm DPI/CPI 990COR AIMS Rollover OTHER APPS - PC Debit Receivings IC Batching Bad Debt AIMS AdAdmin Reporting S05 - House AP - Collections/Credit Devo Sales Inventory Adj/Count Correct Benefical Fees Launcher Charges TM - Credit Card DB Display Inventory Inventory Control Reports Beneficial Reconcil Cellular INVENTORY In HomeCONTROL APPS - PC INVENTORY Inventory Levels CONTROL APPS - PC ACCTS JEAXF REC APPS - PC Code Alarm DPI/CPI 990COR AIMS Rollover Junkouts Inventory Roll JEBFA OTHER APPS - PC Merchandise Debit Withdrawl Receivings Merchandise Withdrawl IC Batching Optika US Bank Recon JEBKABad Debt Ad PSP Reporting File S05 - House AP - Collections/Credit Promo Credits Devo Sales Open Inventory Receivings Adj/Count Correct JEDVA Benefical Fees Launcher C02 - Capital Charges TM - Credit Card DB RTV Accrual Display Inventory PI Count Inventory Results Control Reports JESOA Beneficial Reconcil Shrink In Home PI Time Results Inventory from Inv Levels JEVSA JEAXF Projects Connect 3 ICMS Credit AP Research - Inv Junkouts Cntrl Price Protection Inventory Roll JEVSF JEBFA Optika US Bank Recon AP Research-Addl Merchandise Rpts Withdrawl Sales Flash Merchandise Reporting Withdrawl NSF JEBKA PSP SiteSeer In-Home File Book to Perpetual Promo Inventory Credits Shrink Reporting Open Receivings TeleCredit Fees JEDVA C02 - Capital Close Out Reporting RTV Accrual SKU Gross PI Count MarginResults JESOA Repair Shrink Projects Connect 3 Connect 3 PI Time Results from Inv JEVSA Connect 3 Computer Intelligence Data SKU Shrink Level Detail ICMS Credit Cash Receipts/Credit AP Research - Inv Cntrl Price Protection JEVSF Data Warehouse are not Count Corrections USM F06 - Fixed PDF Transfe Reports SiteSeer Cross Ref AP for Research-Addl VCB Dnlds Rpts VCB Sales Downloads Flash Reporting NSF displayed on this diagram) Warranty In-Home Assets Misc Accounting/Finance Apps - PC/NT Damage Book to Write Perpetual Off Inventory Shrink Reporting TeleCredit Fees Repair Debit Receivings Close Out Reporting Billing COBA (Corp office Budget Assistant) SKU Gross Margin Star Repair Connect 3 Connect 3 Cash Over/ DFI Vendor Computer Database Intelligence Data SKU Shrink Level Detail System Cash Receipts/Credit PCBS(Profit Center Budget System) Data Warehouse are not Count Corrections USM F06 - Fixed PDF Transfe Reports Display Inventory Reconcil Short Merchandising Budget Cross Ref for VCB Dnlds Prepared by Michelle Mills VCB Downloads displayed on this diagram) Warranty Assets Misc Accounting/Finance Apps - PC/NT Display Inventory Reporting Damage Write Off Billing COBA (Corp office Budget Assistant) Debit Receivings Star Repair Cash Over/ PCBS(Profit Center Budget System) DFI Vendor Database System Display Inventory Reconcil Short Merchandising Budget Prepared by Michelle Mills Display Inventory Reporting IBM Software Group Rational software Business flexibility depends on IT flexibility Today s IT architectures, arcane as they may be, are the biggest roadblocks most companies face when making strategic moves. The McKinsey Quarterly Special to CNET News.com, Flexible IT, Better Strategy, January 24, 2004 Lack of business process standards Architectural policy limited Point application buys to support redundant line of business needs Infrastructure built with no roadmap Mainframe apps - Blue PC/NT apps - Green Unix apps - Yellow 3rd party Mainframe interface apps - Orange - Blue Lines: PC/NT Colors apps have no - Green special meaning. Unix apps - Yellow 3rd party interface - Orange Lines: Colors have no special meaning. Data Warehouse (Interfaces to and from the Data Warehouse (Interfaces to and from the DRAFT Best Buy - Application Diagram V4 DRAFT November 10, 1999 DRAFT Best Buy - Application Diagram V4 DRAFT November 10, 1999 Actual application architecture for a consumer electronics company Page 1 of 2 Page 1 of 2 10

11 Challenges of Architecting Software Communicating a Solution Even experienced teams need clear and consistent communication Programming languages implement architectures -- they do not describe them Architecture decisions are only useful if they can be followed Teams need effective, efficient communication. How can our decisions be shared? 11

12 Challenges of Architecting Software How to discover bad practices? Often new projects begin with existing frameworks Projects intend to leverage the value of existing code, but often lock-in problems as well We did not find our tangles until late in the project but they were there from the beginning. How to enforce standards? Developers stray from architecture decisions that they do not understand Creating code to implement an architecture is tedious Requirements are sometimes unclear when coding and construction begin The architecture was solid, but it was not implemented as planned! 12

13 IBM Rational Software Delivery Platform What s new in v7 Delivering new capabilities to empower development teams to deliver the A in SOA 13

14 Solution: Speed SOA results using a services WebSphere Business architecture model Modeler Drive efficiency with integration between software requirements and business models Rational RequisitePro Improve design of a services architecture Rational Unified Process guidance (RUP for SOMA) UML Profiles for enterprise level Web service design Automated service creation from models Improved service implementation tools Speed deployment and quality by synthesizing multi-tier workloads Support for composite SOA service testing Integration with SOA Governance infrastructure Process guidance and best practices Rational Method Composer SOA Plug-in Rational Software Architect RUP for SOA and SOMA Rational Performance & Functional Testing 14

15 Solution: Geographically distributed support for design model and asset reconciliation Improves collaboration among architects with model fusing technology Assemble one model from many Decompose model files and retain logical hierarchy Enable model-code reconciliation & transformations Enable QA teams to pinpoint components responsible for performance bottlenecks Better leverage assets & tools installed in remote locations with Citrix support Business Analyst & IT Project Managers Development Development Testing (Global SI) 15

16 IBM Software Group Rational software Solution: Flexibility & consumability leveraging Eclipse open source Community innovation 150+ member companies Over 2.3 million users Basis of 1,300+ products Modularity Scalable enterprise support Empowerment Consumability IBM Rational Software Delivery Platform 9 Rational Elite Support for Eclipse serves broader mix of practitioners 9 Option to install Rational desktop v7 offerings directly into existing Eclipse 3.2 environments 9 New product installer technology offering greater choice on which features to install IBM Tools Functional Components IBM Tools Packages (Assemblies of Components) 3rd Party Tools Custom Customer Plug-ins Open Source Eclipse 16

17 IBM Rational Quality Management Deploy build & monitor in production environment Create, document & prioritize business requirements Operations Manager Evaluate & execute functional & performance test cases Tester Requirements Analyst Trace Compare Reconcile Project Manager / QA Manager Define, approve & monitor project & components Design, code, build, stage & deploy tests Developer / Build Engineer Govern quality across the delivery lifecycle Align quality processes with architectural integrity Proactive response to quality issues earlier in the lifecycle Collaborative process automation & enforcement (e.g., outsourced testing) Extensible framework 17

18 IBM Rational Software Architect v7.0 IBM Rational Software Architect is an integrated design and development tool. Leverages model-driven development with the UML for creating wellarchitected applications and services. Develop applications and Web services more productively than ever Exploit the latest in modeling language technology and leverage an open and extensible modeling platform Review and control the structure of Java and service-oriented applications Simplifies the design and development tool solution by integrating with other facets of the lifecycle 18

19 Solution: Integrated Development Environment Complete Design & Development toolset Incorporates all the capabilities in IBM Rational Application Developer for WebSphere Software for building scaleable Web, Web services (including Web services that participate in SOA), Java, J2EE and portal applications Markerless visualization/editing of J2EE, Java, and C++ structure and behavior via UML diagrams Enterprise class IDE powered by Eclipse technology Adapt and extend your development environment with Eclipse-based plug-ins that match your needs WS-I compliant Web services and Service Oriented Architectures Integrates your business applications Rapid application development tools and wizards Accelerate portal, SOA and J2EE development Drag-and-drop UI components, point-and-click database connectivity Leverages existing skills and shortens Java learning curve 19

20 Solution: Java/C++ Development Environment Java/C++ development environment with syntax highlighting editor and customizable build and debugger framework Users can develop their C++ applications in the same environment that is used for developing with other languages like Java and XML. Perspective for C++ Development Java/C++ editor with syntax highlighting, code completion, and advanced search Java/C++ project hierarchical tree view UML class diagram visualization of C/C++ classes and structs 20

21 Solution: Leverage UML Support UML Sequence diagram editing for Java Model application behavioral interactions using UML 2 sequence diagrams. Java method body visualization using UML 2 Sequence diagrams Use UML 2.0 sequence diagram constructs to understand the flow of a Java method. Generate Javadoc with detailed design diagrams Augment Javadoc reporting capabilities with the ability to integrate UML detailed design diagrams into a Javadoc. Diagrams can be automatically generated and integrated into Javadoc, or the user has the option of creating custom diagrams and using Javadoc tags to insert them in Javadoc output. 21

22 Solution: Leverage UML Support UML Class diagram editing for C++ Use UML class diagrams to provide abstract views of C++ classes to simplify the development and understanding of new and existing applications. UML Class diagram editing for Java, Enterprise Java Beans, and Database objects Uses stylized UML notation to provide abstract views of Java, EJB, and database objects to simplify the development and understanding of new and existing applications. IE and IDEF diagram editor for Database objects (ER Modeling) Use IE and IDEF notations to simplify the development and understanding of database applications. Class Diagram Database Diagram 22

23 Solution: Topic and Browse Diagrams Simplified diagramming using freeform diagrams, topic diagrams and browse diagrams Simplifies the usage of UML notation for design, documentation, communication and understanding design elements captured in UML models. Enables users to understand and discover models and applications without having to create or maintain diagrams Web Browser-like controls to navigate workspace or model 23

24 Solution: Modeling assistance Visual modeling with content assistance Guides you with action bars, connection handles, contextsensitive content suggestions, task-specific modeling cheat sheets, extensive online help, samples and tutorials to help you create well-formed models. Simplify the capture of UML models during Analysis and Design Make modeling more accessible to a broader audience Including Section 508 New custom views improve the editing experience Project Explorer view provides a filtered view of the models and workspace Diagram links as firstclass citizens In diagram editing to accelerate modeling. Properties view Inheritance view 24

25 Solution: Patterns Applying Patterns is very simple Evolution of pattern experience based on lessons learned Pattern-authoring provides greater flexibility using Open API All Gang of Four design patterns provided Additional patterns provided via RAS repository on IBM developerworks Support drag-and-drop of pattern parameters into the collaboration Pattern rendered as a collaboration to support incremental application New patterns view providing outline and description of the pattern 25

26 Solution: Transformations Transformation Engine based on JET2 Transformations are optimal for batch style computationally intensive operations Model-to-model Model-to-code Out-of-the box code transforms UML-to-J2EE/Java and reverse UML-to-C++ and reverse WSDL and XSD UML-to-Logical Data Model* Transformations may be updated via RAS repository hosted on IBM developerworks *Integration with Rational Data Architect 26

27 Solution: Model-Code Reconciliation and Reverse Transformations Benefits: Allow Globally Distributed teams to work on design and implementation and reconcile results Enhanced Diff/Merge capabilities in Version 7.0 Reverse transform code to model Reconcile models Merge resulting model Forward transform model to code Reverse Engineering for code-to-model transformation Reverse transformations for Java, C++ 27

28 Solution: All Analysis Types in Common GUI Architectural analysis, code review, model analysis all access from Run Analysis Create unlimited number of configurations Configuration runs a defined set of rules against a defined scope (workspace, working set, or project) Engine-agnostic any rule set or rule engine can be easily bound in Configurations can be tailored and exported for use by others as a standard 28

29 Solution: Architectural Analysis, Discovery, and Control Architecture discovery for J2EE and J2SE High-level software visualization Application architecture is reflected in the running code Analyzing code can help assess its maintainability Govern the architecture with the assistance of rules Template-based rule authoring Anti-pattern and pattern detection Detection of cyclic dependencies, hubs, breakable, etc. Wizard assisted automated quickfix Code review pane providing a report of detected issues. Report is inclusive of J2EE detailed code analysis results. Automatic generation of topic diagrams based on the results of the code analysis Patterns and anti-patterns are rendered in the diagram editor. Navigation to detailed code is supported. Details View providing an overview and avoidance guidance for anti-patterns. 29

30 Solution: Code Quality Assurance Analyze Project/Workspace to find problems of various types: Globalization J2EE Best Practices J2SE Best Practices Private API Usage Performance Naming Conventions Produce interactive reports with violations and metrics Provides explanations, examples, and quick fixes for problems Allow users to create, enable and disable validation rules Allow users to create their own rules based on rule templates Complete Code Review (200+ rules) Quick Code Review (34 rules) 30

31 Our direction with A project to drive technology innovation in collaborative process-driven software engineering An open, scalable, extensible team collaboration technology foundation Seamless real-time team collaboration between all disciplines of the software delivery lifecycle Jazz is the result of a collaboration between IBM Research and IBM Rational Jazz will enrich Rational portfolio over time Jazz will be managed in an open, community model 31

32 Summary IBM Rational Software Delivery Platform v7 provides new capabilities empowering global teams to better implement and manage software and systems architectures with improved lifecycle quality Speed SOA results by sound architectural design and automated service delivery Ensure global architectural integrity and software quality including support for packaged applications Simplify modular systems development with improved HW/SW modeling and standards support Improve consumability from the latest Eclipse community standards and new IBM collaborative engineering innovation Scaling the business of global architecture, design and quality 32

33 Realizing business value with IBM Rational software Assess High value/pain identification and project pilots Portfolio and project maturity assessments Demonstrate value and learn Proof of concept, proof of technology projects Knowledge and skills transfer to your teams Access specific communities of practice with experts in selected domains including: Process and portfolio management Change and configuration management Software architecture Rational Educational Services and roadmaps IBM developerworks community Better govern development Roll out programs to scale locally and globally 33

34 References: Our customers are adopting IBM Rational solutions to achieve their business innovation & transformation objectives Added new processes and methodologies to the SOA environment using IBM Rational ClearQuest & ClearCase and kept every member of the team up to date. Enabled greater reuse of application components to integrate new applications quickly and maintain existing applications easily. Used Rational products and best practices to define an application development architecture and supporting framework for SOA resulting in 51% reuse in services. Cardinal Health used Rational process guidance to transform business-unit centric IT model towards a company-wide IT service provider based on SOA, with greater data integration, flexible access and delivery. Rational Software Architect allowed Sistema de Protección Médica (SPM), to quickly develop SOA service improvements and integrate with legacy applications of Argentina s medical IT infrastructure. 34

35 Ready for IBM Rational software partner ecosystem Quality Management for Packaged Applications Global Reports Management Systems delivery & embedded development extension Quality Process Integration Legacy to SOA Modernization Automated Security Governance Business Requirements Simulation for SOA Open Source Software Reuse 35

36 Copyright IBM Corporation All rights reserved. The information contained in these materials is provided for informational purposes only, and is provided AS IS without warranty of any kind, express or implied. IBM shall not be responsible for any damages arising out of the use of, or otherwise related to, these materials. Nothing contained in these materials is intended to, nor shall have the effect of, creating any warranties or representations from IBM or its suppliers or licensors, or altering the terms and conditions of the applicable license agreement governing the use of IBM software. References in these materials to IBM products, programs, or services do not imply that they will be available in all countries in which IBM operates. Product release dates and/or capabilities referenced in these materials may change at any time at IBM s sole discretion based on market opportunities or other factors, and are not intended to be a commitment to future product or feature availability in any way. IBM, the IBM logo, the on-demand business logo, Rational, the Rational logo, and other IBM Rational products and services are trademarks or registered trademarks of the International Business Machines Corporation, in the United States, other countries or both. Other company, product, or service names may be trademarks or service marks of others. 36