Dirección de Tecnologías de Información COM Transaction Processing, Functional Applications and Integration 4 de Octubre de 2010

Transcription

1 Dirección de Tecnologías de Información COM Transaction Processing, Functional Applications and Integration 4 de Octubre de 2010 Dr. Víctor M. González y González victor.gonzalez@itam.mx Wireless Inventory Management System at Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center DHMC distribution of medical supplies (30k) Ordered by nurses: (1) less time for patient care, (2) tendency to over order, (3) rush orders Wireless handheld devices with a Purchasing and Inventory Management System. Par level system an order to the supplier is generated automatically 50% reduction in inventory levels ROI in a few months IT can support the routine process of inventory management, enabling greater efficiency, more focus on core competencies, and greater satisfaction for employees and managers. 1

2 Functional Information Systems Traditionally, information systems were designed within each functional area. Certain business processes involve activities that are performed in several functional areas. The IT solution implemented by DHMC supports business processes crossing the traditional departmental lines: In this case nursing is considered operations-productions, and so is inventory control; purchasing and contract management are in the finance/accounting area. Integrated approaches keep the functional departments as they are, but create an integrated IS to facilitate communication, coordination and control. Functional Information Systems Marketing Department Finance Department Production Department Customer wants to buy a particular product Finance/Accounting Department Shipping Department 2

3 Functional Information Systems Major characteristics Composed of small systems Recruiting and promotion in HRM Integrated or independent IS application in any functional area integrated to form a coherent departmental functional system. Interfacing Among functional information systems -> ERP Outside the organization: HRM system <-> Labor mkt Supportive of different levels Operational, managerial and strategic The functional areas, TPS, and integration connection. Note the flow of information from the TPS to the functional systems. Flow of information between and among functional systems is done via the integration component. 3

4 Transaction Processing Information Systems The core operations of organizations are enabled by transaction processing systems Transactions occur when a company produces a product or provides a service. Every transaction may generated additional transactions. Because the computations involved in most transactions are simple and the transaction volume is large and repetitive, such transactions are fairly easy to computerize. Transaction Processing Information Systems The transaction processing systems (TPS) monitors, collects, stores, processes and disseminates information for all routine core business transactions. Data from TPS is input to functional systems, data warehouse, CRM, and other systems. TPS also provides critical data on customers and their purchasing history. Transaction processing occurs in all functional areas. 4

5 Objectives of TPS The main goal of TPS is to provide all of the information needed by law and/or by organizational policies to keep the business running properly and efficiently. TPS has to efficiently handle high volume, avoid errors, be able to handle large variations in volume (e.g. during peak times), avoid downtime, never lose results, and maintain privacy and security. Characteristics of TPS 5

6 Activities and Methods of TPS The typical TPS process: Raw data are collected by people or sensors and then the data are entered into the computer via any input device. Data entry is automated as much as possible. The system processes data into one of two ways: Batch processing: transactions are collected and stored. The system processes the data periodically. Once a batch job begin it continues until it is finished Online processing: data are processed as soon as a transaction occurs, even in real time. OLTP Typical TPS Activities Account Payable and receivable Records of all accounts to be paid and those owed by customers. Automated systems can be send reminder notes about overdue accounts. Receiving and shipping records Transactions records of all the items sent or received, including returns. Inventory-on-hand records Records of inventory levels as required for inventory control and taxation. Use of barcodes improves ability to count inventories periodically. Fixed-assets management. Records of the value of an organizations fixed assets, including depreciation rate and major improvements made in assets, for taxation purposes 6

7 Activities and Methods of TPS Areas of Support of F/TPS Systems The major area of IT support to production/operations management is in logistics and inventory management, JIT, and mass customization Marketing and sales information systems deal with all activities related to customer orders, sales, advertising, and promotion, market research, and product and service pricing. Financial information systems deal with topics such as investment management, financing operations, raising capital, risk analysis, and credit approval. Accounting information systems cover areas such as cost control, taxation, and auditing. Human resources information systems include support to employee recruitment and selection, hiring, performance evaluation, salary and benefits administration. 7

8 Web Analytics Click: Bill Tancer video 8

9 Some points to discuss/reflect Why is it logical to organize IT applications by functional areas? Describe the role of TPS in a service organization Why are transaction processing systems a major target for restructuring? 9