Spočívá budoucnost u četnictví v umělé inteligenci? Tomáš Kadlec IBM Certified IT Architect IBM Česká Republika

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1 Spočívá budoucnost u četnictví v umělé inteligenci? Tomáš Kadlec IBM Certified IT Architect IBM Česká Republika

2 Table of contents Artificial Intelligence 101 IBM Watson IBM Watson in Czech Republic Impact on economy and society Questions 2

3 Key milestones of computing era System Intelligence Cognitive Tabulation Punch cards Time card readers Programmatic Search Deterministic Enterprise data Machine language Simple outputs Discovery Probabilistic Big Data Natural language Intelligent options International Business Machines Corporation 3

4 Recent Progress in AI caused by the intersection of three trends Cognitive Cloud Digitized Data Machine Learning Web / Digital Archives Deep Learning Newly generated data on a daily basis + Advanced Analytics Computation CPU + GPU Clusters + Scalable Ingestion Platforms Only today we have enough data, the right models and the required computing power to move from research to business 2017 International Business Machines Corporation 4

5 Two kinds of artificial intelligence Weak artificial intelligence: Computer simulates intelligence in the very narrow and specialized domain Strong artificial intelligence: The processes in the computer are intellectual, self-learning processes. Computers can understand by means of the right software/programming Ability to optimise their own behaviour on the basis of their former behaviour and their experience. This includes automatic networking with other machines, which leads to a dramatic scaling effect. 5

6 Practical applications of artificial intelligence 1/3 Deep learning This is machine learning based on a set of algorithms that attempt to model high-level abstractions in data. Unlike human workers, the machines are connected the whole time. If one machine makes a mistake, all autonomous systems will keep this in mind and will avoid the same mistake the next time. Over the long run, intelligent machines will win against every human expert. Dematerialisation Additionally, dematerialisation leads to the phenomenon that traditional physical products are becoming software The replacement of traditional event tickets, travel tickets or hard cash will be the next steps, due to the enhanced possibility of contactless payment by smartphone. 6

7 Practical applications of artificial intelligence 2/3 Robotisation Since the 19th century, production robots have been replacing employees because of the advancement in technology. They work more precisely than humans and cost less. Creative solutions like 3D printers and the self- learning ability of these production robots will replace human workers. Thanks to automatic data recording and data processing, traditional back- office activities are no longer in demand. Autonomous software will collect necessary information and send it to the employee who needs it 7

8 Practical applications of artificial intelligence 3/3 Gig economy A rise in self-employment is typical for the new generation of employees. The gig economy is usually understood to include two forms of work: crowdworking work on-demand via apps organised networking platforms. There are more and more independent contractors for individual tasks that companies advertise on online platforms (eg, Amazon Mechanical Turk ). Traditional employment relationships are becoming less common. Many workers are performing different jobs for different clients. Autonomous driving Vehicles have the power for self-governance using sensors and navigating without human input. Taxi and truck drivers will become obsolete. The same applies to stock managers and postal carriers if the delivery is distributed by delivery drones in the future. 8

9 One perspective to view AI, ML, and DL 9

10 Buzzwords to follow 10

11 Table of contents Artificial Intelligence 101 IBM Watson IBM Watson in Czech Republic Impact on economy and society Questions 11

12 Video Watson and the Jeopardy! Challenge ( International Business Machines Corporation 12

13 The IBM Watson and Cloud Platform Application Watson Oncology Watson Cyber Security Weather Watson Company Profiler Watson Virtual Agent Watson Compare + Comply GBS + GTS Industry Solutions + more... AI Conversation Visual Recognition Discovery Speech Compare + Comply Document Conversion Knowledge Query Nat. Language Understanding Tone Analysis Nat. Language Classifier Personality Insights + more... Data Crawl Cleanse Enrich Store The Watson Data Platform Analyze Cloud Dev Services Infrastructure IAM Storage Billing Compute Blockchain Physical Network Logging Infrastructure Mgmt + more... + more... 13

14 Keyword search is not the way how Watson works Question: Supporting Evidence: In May 1898 Portugal celebrated the 400th anniversary of this explorer s arrival in India. celebrated In May, Gary arrived in India after he celebrated his anniversary in Portugal. arrived in celebrated Legend Keyword Hit Reference Text Answer In May 1898 In May Red Text Weak evidence 400th anniversary arrival in India Portugal India anniversary in Portugal This evidence suggests Gary is the answer BUT the system must learn that keyword matching may be weak relative to other types of evidence explorer Gary 2017 International Business Machines Corporation 14

15 Watson leverages many algorithms for Q&A analysis Question: In May 1898 Portugal celebrated the 400th anniversary of this explorer s arrival in India. celebrated Portugal Supporting Evidence: On the 27th of May 1498, Vasco da Gama landed in Kappad Beach. landed in Legend Temporal Reasoning Statistical Paraphrasing GeoSpatial Reasoning Reference Text Answer May th anniversary Date Match 27th May 1498 Stronger evidence can be much harder to find and score arrival in Paraphrases Search far and wide Explore many hypotheses Find judge evidence India Geo- KB Kappad Beach Many inference algorithms explorer 2017 International Business Machines Corporation Vasco da Gama 15

16 Watson has the ability to understand a question and to derive an evidence-supported response Multiple interpretations Hundreds of answer sources Primary search Candidate answer generation Tens of thousands of evidence sources and scores Answer scoring Evidence retrieval Deep evidence scoring Learned models Combine and weigh evidence Question?! Inquiry analysis Decomposition Hypothesis generation Hypothesis and Synthesis evidence scoring Final confidence merging & ranking Answer 2017 International Business Machines Corporation 16

17 Hardware The system was highly workload-optimized, integrating massively parallel POWER7 processors and built on IBM's DeepQA technology Watson employed a cluster of ninety IBM Power 750 servers, each of which uses a 3.5 GHz POWER7 eight-core processor, with four threads per core. In total, the system has 2,880 POWER7 processor threads and 16 terabytes of RAM. Watson was able to process 500 gigabytes, the equivalent of a million books, per second. IBM's master inventor and senior consultant, Tony Pearson, estimated Watson's hardware cost at about three million dollars. Linpack performance stands at 80 TeraFLOPs 17

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19 Table of contents Artificial Intelligence 101 IBM Watson IBM Watson in Czech Republic Impact on economy and society Questions 19

20 Customers are shifting from Traditional Channels T H E N N O W Customer Customer Example of messaging platforms 20

21 Watson Conversation: State of the Art Bot Capability Create natural language interactions with the customer, including Q&A and onboarding. Maintain cross-platform mobile and web experience. Walk customers through business processes like application forms or resetting a password. Robot SDK is available now. Watson also has partnerships with leading robotic manufacturers. Detect emotional states and responds in appropriate ways. Incorporate advanced Machine Learning capabilities. 21

22 Robotic Process Automation Automation Concept What is behind? The Problem - The typical company has 100 s of systems From Mainframe to Social increasing business complexity exponentially Four different ways to counter business complexity 1. Outsorce processes 2. Cut processes 3. Re-engineer processes 4. Increase automation density by automating processes 22

23 Robotic Process Automation (RPA) RPA is the application of technology that allows employees in a company to configure computer software or a robot to capture and interpret existing applications for processing a transaction, manipulating data, triggering responses and communicating with other digital systems. The sweet spot for RPA is where there is large scale use of human labour for general knowledge process work, where people are performing high-volume, highly transactional process functions through highly repetitive tasks Robots typically interact with one or more systems via their graphical user interfaces (GUIs), but can also call system APIs. 23

24 Example: RPA and BPM in Action Orde r staff Process V1: human Create Sales Order task Manuall y Copy 24 BPM Orders / SAP

25 Example: RPA and BPM in Action Use RPA to record UI activity and develop Robot to automate work RPA Rob ot Process V2: robot Create Sales Order task Robot monitors work tasks assigned to it and completes Automati c Copy 25

26 The Benefits of RPA The automation of existing user actions to Low Code Automation Time to value Reduce headcount Reduce human error Reduce development costs Integration on the glass Increase volumes reduce manual effort, drive efficiency, increase the speed of deployment increase accuracy by removing human error 26

27 Table of contents Artificial Intelligence 101 IBM Watson IBM Watson in Czech Republic Impact on economy and society Questions 27

28 Percentage of jobs at risk of automation in each industry sector in next 10 to 20 years 28

29 Many new types of jobs will also be created. From: The Jobs That Artificial Intelligence Will Create Paul Daugherty; Nicola Bianzino; H James Wilson Published by MIT Sloan Management Review,

30 IBM has established principles for the cognitive era ( Purpose - Augment human intelligence Transparency - When and for what purposes AI is being applied - Which data and methods were used - Clients own their own business models and data Skills - Help students, workers and citizens acquire the needed skills 30

31 Table of contents Artificial Intelligence 101 IBM Watson IBM Watson in Czech Republic Impact on economy and society Question 31

32 Questions