MTAT Business Process Management (BPM) (for Masters of IT) Lecture 2: Introduction to BPMN

Transcription

1 MTAT Business Process Management (BPM) (for Masters of IT) Lecture 2: Introduction to BPMN Marlon Dumas marlon.dumas ät ut. ee

2 Recap: BPMN Lifecycle Goal definition Process modelling (as-is) Process analysis Process re-design (to-be) Process implementation Process execution Process monitoring/controlling Process Modeling Tools Process Management Systems 2

3 Process Modeling: Why? Process Documentation Process Improvement Compliance / Risk Management Knowledge Management Enterprise Systems Process Cost Analysis/Simulation Workflow Management Document Management Software Evaluation/ Selection Enterprise Architecture Michael Rosemann 3

4 Popular Process Modelling Purposes Recker et al. (2005) 4

5 Process Modeling Languages For business analysts Business Process Modelling Notation (BPMN) Event-driven Process Chains (EPC) IDEF0, IDEF3 Flowcharts, data-flow diagrams (system analysis) UML Activity Diagrams (system analysis) For business programmers Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) Yet Another Workflow Language (YAWL) State machines and variants And many, many more 5

6 Process Modeling: Purpose vs. Language Abstract Models EPC, BPMN Communication, simulation, activitybased costing Detailed Models BPEL, State Machines Data types, conditions, data mappings, fault handling Integration, testing, deployment 6

7 BPMN Business Process Modeling Notation Inspired by cross-functional flowcharts OMG Standard, supported by many tools: TIBCO Business Studio IBM Websphere Business Modeler ARIS, Oracle BPA Oryx ( Visual Paradigm, BizAgi, ITP Commerce Process Modeler for Visio... Savvion, Lombardi 7

8 BPMN from miles A process model in BPMN is called a Business Process Diagram (BPD) A BPD is essentially a graph consisting of four types of elements (among others): 8

9 Example An Order Management process is triggered by the reception of a purchase order from a customer. The purchase order has to be checked against the stock re the availability of the product(s) requested. Depending on stock availability the purchase order may be confirmed or rejected. If the purchase order is confirmed, the goods requested are shipped and an invoice is sent to the customer. 9

10 Order Management Process in BPMN 10

11 A little bit more on Gateways Exclusive Decision / Merge Indicates locations within a business process where the sequence flow can take two or more alternative paths. Only one of the paths can be taken. Depicted by a diamond shape that may contain a marker that is shaped like an X. Parallel Fork / Join Provide a mechanism to synchronize parallel flow and to create parallel flow. Depicted by a diamond shape that must contain a marker that is shaped like a plus sign. 11

12 Revised Order Management Process 12

13 Test your understanding 1. Any mistakes or anything missing in this diagram? 2. Can Check Completeness be performed after Obtain Additional Information? 3. Can Check Credit History be performed after Check Income Sources? 13

14 Test your understanding 1. Any mistakes in this diagram? 2. Can Allocate resources be performed after Produce item? 3. Can Confirm Order be performed after Produce item? 14

15 Spot the difference 15

16 What s wrong with this model? 16

17 Process Modelling Viewpoints Organization Who? What? Function When? Process Which? Data / Service / Product 17

18 Process Modelling Viewpoints Functional perspective What tasks/function are happening in the process? Control-flow perspective In what order do they occur? Resource perspective (also called organisational perspective) Who performs which activity? Data perspective What data are created/produced by the process? 18

19 Organisational Elements in Process Models Basic abstractions: Resource (participant, actor, user, agent) A resource can execute certain tasks for certain cases. Human and/or non-human (e.g. printer). Resource class: Set of resources with similar characteristics A resource class is typically either a: Role (skill, competence, qualification) Classification based on what a resource can do or is expected to do Group (department, team, office, organizational unit) Classification based on the organization. 19

20 Roles vs. Groups Tartu Purchase Sales Tallinn groups Triin Joel Indrek Peeter Ahto Helger Sven Jan Rainer Jaana Britt Frank Secretary Manager Sales_clerk Office_worker roles Wil van der Aalst 20

21 Resource Modelling in BPMN In BPMN, resource classes are captured using: Pools independent organisations or organizational units, e.g. Customer, Supplier, Carrier East-Tallinn Hospital, Tartu Clinic Lanes tightly connected roles or groups e.g. Roles: Purchase Initiator, Purchasing Officer, Supervisor, Internal departments: Inbound logistics, accounts payable (if using a common ERP system or workflow management system) 21

22 BPMN Elements Pools Pools represent independent business process participants. Golden Rule: Sequence flows cannot cross the boundaries of a Pool. Interactions between Pools must be captured by means of Message Flows (dashed lines with an arrow) 22

23 Order Management example (ctd.) The Order Management process now includes the customer as a process participant... The Order Management process is started when a customer places a purchase order. The purchase order has to be checked against the stock re the availability of the product(s). Depending on stock availability the purchase order may be confirmed or rejected. If the purchase order is confirmed, the goods requested are shipped and an invoice is sent to the customer. The customer makes then makes the payment. 23

24 Order Management BPD with Swimlanes 24

25 BPMN Elements Swimlanes Lanes represent sub-partitions within a pool. Sequences Flows can cross the boundaries of Lanes. Lanes can be nested: E.g., an outer set of Lanes for company departments and then an inner set of Lanes for roles within each department. 25

26 Order Management example (ctd.) The process now includes two departments within the supplier organization... The purchase order received by the Sales & Distribution department has to be checked against the stock. The order details are sent to the Warehouse department that returns an availability notification. If the purchase order is confirmed, the Warehouse department collects the shipping details from the customer and ships the goods. The Sales & Distribution department sends an invoice to the customer who then makes the payment. 26

27 Corresponding BPD 27

28 BPMN Artifacts Data Objects are a mechanism to show how data is required or produced by activities. Are depicted by a rectangle that has its upper-right corner folded over. Represent input and output of a process activity. Annotations are a mechanism for the modeller to provide additional text information to the diagram reader. Are depicted by open-ended rectangles. Text annotations do not affect the flow of the process. Groups are a visual mechanism to logically group diagram elements informally. Are depicted by a rounded corner rectangle with a dashed line. The grouping does not affect the sequence flow and does not change the meaning of the elements contained within the group. 28

29 BPMN Connections Associations are used to link artifacts such as text or data objects with flow objects. Are depicted by a dotted line. Can be directed or undirected. They can be used to show inputs and outputs of activities. 29

30 Order Management example (ctd.) Let s have a look at some artifacts... The Purchase Order document serves as an input to the stock availability check. Based on the outcome of this check, the status of document is updated, either to approved or rejected. Include the relevant documents in the process model. Also, for visualization purposes, all parts of the processes that use or update the purchase order should be highlighted. 30

31 Order Processing Model with Artifacts 31

32 Sample process models with artifacts MailVotingProcess.jpg CollectVotes.jpg 32

33 BPMN Main Elements - Recap Connections Swimlanes Flow Objects Artifacts 33

34 BPMN Flow Elements Recap 34

35 Want to know more? Lab session BPMN Poster: Introduction to BPMN BPMN Self-Test: BPMN Community: 35