Passive House retrofit study for Carnegie Mellon 1950's dormitory in Pittsburgh

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Barry Bell
6 years ago
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1 Towards Carbon Neutrality in existing buildings Passive House retrofit study for Carnegie Mellon 1950's dormitory in Pittsburgh Jimena Serra Callirgos Architect, CAP, LEED GA Master of Science in Sustainable Design (MSSD)

2 OVERVIEW Existing Buildings INTRODUCTION Donner Hall General Characteristics Existing building Problems, needs and goals Existing building performance using PHPP Proposed retrofit under PH Standards Proposed building performance using PHPP Comparing existing vs. proposed Achieving PH standards Potential savings and benefits Final comments DONNER HALL PH RETROFIT PROJECT CONCLUSION

3 EXISTING BUILDINGS Residential Passive House renovation of Residential building in Zug, Switzerland Architect: Miloni & Partner (2008) Commercial Passive House renovation of Residential building in Linz, Austria Architect: ARCH+MORE (2009) Existing Buildings in the U.S. = over 5 million within the building stock New building projects = 57,000 (2% of building stock) (U.S. DOE)

GENERAL INFORMATION Building Type: Residential Co-ed

1954 Sq ft/ Sq m: 42,300/3,930 Building shape: Narrow

Occupancy: 232 students 10 Residents Assistants

5481 CDD: 1054 Donner Hall location within CMU campus

4 GENERAL INFORMATION Building Type: Residential Co-ed Campus Dorm Number of stories: 4 Year of construction: 1954 Sq ft/ Sq m: 42,300/3,930 Building shape: Narrow floor plate (39 /12m) Orientation: East-west Occupancy: 232 students 10 Residents Assistants Climate: Temperate continental climate (Zone 5A) HDD: 5481 CDD: 1054 Donner Hall location within CMU campus Northwest view of Donner Hall Donner Hall _ Building shape and orientation N

5 EXISTING BUILDING N

6 EXISTING BUILDING U-factor 1.00 BTU/hr.ft2.F U-factor 1.00 BTU/hr.ft2.F R-value 3.1 hr.ft2.f/btu

7 PROBLEMS AND NEEDS Poor thermal quality Poor indoor air quality Moisture problems Outdated/inefficient heating system No cooling provided

8 PROBLEMS AND NEEDS Good indoor air quality Daylighting Thermal comfort Visual and acoustic comfort User control

9 PROBLEMS AND NEEDS Daylight in core spaces

10 GOALS Reduce Energy Consumption Improve Thermal Comfort Improve Air Quality + Occupant Health Meter, Verify, and Report performance also... Educate Students Provide Data for Research Renew this 1950 s building into an efficient and great environment

11 EXISTING BUILDING PERFORMANCE - PHPP

12 PROPOSED RETROFIT - PH STANDARDS Polycarbonate sheet Internal shades Awning window 5 Polyiso Board Insulation CMU construction Rain screen

13 PROPOSED RETROFIT - PH STANDARDS Walls: R-32 wall assembly Triple pane windows: U-Factor between 0.2 and 0.3 (window and frame size) Air tightness 0.6 ACH50 ERV (mechanical ventilation) integrated to new facade Detailing & quality labor

14 SECTIONS EXISTING vs PROPOSED

15 PROPOSED RETROFIT PERFORMANCE - PHPP

16 PERFORMANCE OUTCOME - EXISTING vs PROPOSED % REDUCTION

17 Primary Energy Consumption (at the source) POTENTIAL SAVINGS kwh/yr Supply Only Cost per Year Supply, trans. and distribution Cost per year Baseline (scenario 2) 3,350,160 $0.08 $263, $0.13 $435, Passive House 1,112,490 $0.08 $87, $0.13 $144, Potential Savings $175, $290, Total potential saving amount to $188,065 considering site energy Site Energy Consumption (at the site) kwh/yr Supply Only Cost per Year Supply, trans. and distribution Cost per year Baseline 2,098,080 $0.08 $164, $0.13 $272, Passive House 651,420 $0.08 $51, $0.13 $84, Potential Savings $113, $188, Energy use for Space Heating kwh/yr Supply Only Cost per Year Supply, trans. and distribution Cost per year Baseline 1,070,190 $0.08 $85, $0.13 $139, Passive House 73,602 $0.08 $5, $0.13 $9, Potential Savings $79, $129, Energy use for Space Cooling kwh/yr Supply Only Cost per Year Supply, trans. and distribution Cost per year Baseline 95,175 $0.08 $7, $0.13 $12, Passive House 10,152 $0.08 $ $0.13 $1, Potential Savings $6, $11, CONSIDERING TFA ONLY - TFA stands for treated floor area (Passive House Standards)

18 POTENTIAL BENEFITS Improve users health, productivity, and satisfaction Significantly reduce energy costs Significantly reduce CO2 emissions Demonstrate commitment to Sustainability Become a teaching tool for CMU and all community Encourage students to choose CMU Increase housing cost - increase university revenue

19 FINAL COMMENTS High performing enclosure building renovations are essential in order to achieve energy efficiency and comfort (thermal, visual and acoustic) By applying efficient enclosure strategies the Donner Hall renovation can achieve PHS Cooling can rely on natural ventilation and pre-cooling incoming breathing air from ERV Heating can be provided by pre-heating incoming breathing air from ERV and small electric heaters may be installed as backup Only total EUI is still higher than the required by PHS. This is caused by uncontrollable factors (i.e. laptops or other appliances and artificial lighting). If a renovation were to occur, user education should be an important part of it.

20 THANK YOU!

Passive Design Solutions. Passive House The Road to Net-Zero

Passive Design Solutions. Passive House The Road to Net-Zero Passive House The Road to Net-Zero Net-Zero into the Future Net-Zero defined as producing as much energy onsite as the building uses annually. Using net-metering with the grid, so grid is acting as 100%