THERMAL STORAGE FEASIBILITY STUDY

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1 THERMAL STORAGE FEASIBILITY STUDY SPRING 2005 NEW HOUSE RESIDENCE HALL

2 PRESENTATION OUTLINE GENERAL PROJECT DATA PROJECT TEAM MECHANICAL REDESIGN ELECTRICAL ANALYSIS ACOUSTICAL ANALYSIS CONCLUSIONS

3 GENERAL PROJECT DATA

4 GENERAL PROJECT DATA LOCATION Carnegie Mellon University Campus 1030 Moorewood Ave., Pittsburgh, PA SIZE 72,000 sq. ft. 6 Stories (5 floors above grade) OCCUPANCY TYPE 257 Bed Residential Dormitory

5 GENERAL PROJECT DATA CONSTRUCTION Began January 2002 Complete March 2003 ACTUAL COST $ 12 million PROJECT DELIVERY METHOD Design-Bid Bid-BuildBuild

6 PROJECT TEAM

7 PROJECT TEAM OWNER: ARCHITECT: MEP ENGINEER: STRUCTURAL ENGINEER: CONSTRUCTION MANAGER: COMMISSIONING: Carnegie Mellon University Bohlin Cywinski Jackson H.F. Lenz Company Atlantic Engineering Services Rycon Construction, Inc. LLI Technologies

8 MECHANICAL REDESIGN

9 MECHANICAL REDESIGN ORIGINAL DESIGN OBJECTIVES: 1. Green Design Principles 2. Individual Room Temperature Control 3. Exceed Code for Indoor Air Quality

10 MECHANICAL REDESIGN EXISTING DESIGN CONDITIONS: Indoor Outdoor Conditions Supply Winter Air 55 F 2 F F F db db (99.6%) 60% RH Zone Setpoints Summer F F db 30-60% 86 F F db RH 70 F wb (1%)

11 MECHANICAL REDESIGN EXISTING MECHANICAL CONDITIONS: AIR SIDE (5) Air Handling Units Constant Volume 1,000 12,000 cfm AHU-5 100% OA Make-Up Unit Air-to to-air Energy Recovery

12 MECHANICAL REDESIGN EXISTING MECHANICAL CONDITIONS: WATER SIDE (2) 60 ton Air-Cooled Screw Chillers Delivering Water Temperatures of 44 F 253 gpm Total System Four-Pipe Fan Coil Units Separate Ventilation System

13 MECHANICAL REDESIGN NEW DESIGN GOALS: 1. Reduce Peak Hour Energy Costs 2. Increase Mechanical System Efficiency

14 MECHANICAL REDESIGN HOURLY LOAD PROFILE: Chiller Load (tons) Data for July Total Cooling Load 2,241 ton-hrs Peak Hourly Load 103 tons Hour of Day

15 MECHANICAL REDESIGN DESIGN STRATEGY: PARTIAL STORAGE-DEMAND LIMITING SYSTEM Chillers & Storage Tanks Run in Parallel Equal Load to Original Design Capacity Use Same Discharge Temperature Operate Chiller at Reduced Capacity During On-Peak Hours Source: ASHRAE Design Guide for Cool Thermal Storage

16 MECHANICAL REDESIGN ADDITIONAL COMPONENTS: CALMAC 1098C STORAGE TANKS ton-hrs 25% Ethylene Glycol (1) 35 TON AIR-COOLED SCROLL CHILLER 26 tons) (1) 94 TON AIR-COOLED SCROLL CHILLER ADDITIONAL PUMP 107 gpm

17 MECHANICAL REDESIGN CHARGE/DISCHARGE CYCLES: Off-peak Hour Control On-peak Hour Control

18 MECHANICAL REDESIGN COOLING COSTS: Duquesne Light Company Time Total Charge Peak Demand On-Peak Off-Peak /kwh /kwh /kwh On-Peak Hours: 10:00 a.m. 9:00 p.m.

19 MECHANICAL REDESIGN COOLING COSTS: ORIGINAL DESIGN Monthly Average Cost: REDESIGN Monthly Average Cost: $20, $17, REDESIGN MONTHLY SAVINGS: $3,300.00

20 MECHANICAL REDESIGN EQUIPMENT COSTS: STORAGE TANKS EXTRA CHILLER CAPACITY ADDITIONAL PUMP $34, $5, $1, TOTAL EQUIPMENT COST: $41,300.00

21 MECHANICAL REDESIGN PAYBACK PERIOD: PAYBACK PERIOD = P / A P = INTIAL COST A = MONTHLY SAVINGS TOTAL PAYBACK PERIOD: 13 MONTHS

22 ELECTRICAL ANALYSIS Breadth Study

23 ELECTRICAL ANALYSIS OBJECTIVE: 1. Size New Equipment Feeds 2. Check Panelboard Capabilities

24 ELECTRICAL ANALYSIS BRANCH CIRCUITS: 2002 NATIONAL ELECTRIC CODE Table Full Load Current Breakers 250% Table Wire Sizing Tables of Chapter 9 Conduit Sizes

25 ELECTRICAL ANALYSIS BRANCH CIRCUITS: MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT ELECTRICAL SIZING Pump 2 hp, 460 V Chillers 41 hp, 460 V 150 hp, 460 V FLC 3.4A FLC 65A 180A Breaker 15A 2.44 ½, 4-#124 THW (Cu) Breaker 175A 450A kva kva Wire Size Wire Size 2, 4-#2/04 THW (Cu) 3, 4-#7004 THW (Cu)

26 ELECTRICAL ANALYSIS PANELBOARD: TOTAL PANEL SCHEDULE kva: = kva total = 355 kva MINIMUM AMPACITY: + (0.25)(kVA largest ) = Total kva / [(.480)(1.73)] = 427 A MAXIMUM AMPACITY: = [Total kva + (.75)(kVA largest ) / [(.480)(1.73)] = 505 A ACTUAL AMPACITY = 600 A OK

27 ACOUSTICAL ANALYSIS Breadth Study

28 ACOUSTICAL ANALYSIS OBJECTIVE: 1. Determine Relative Loudness of Mechanical Room 2. Check NC Levels with Adjacent Room

29 ACOUSTICAL ANALYSIS MECHANICAL ROOM CHARACTERISTICS: 125 Hz 15m x 7m x 3.24m (Basement) 8 CMU Block Walls 250 Hz 8 Concrete Slab Ceiling Absorption Characteristics 500 Hz (SI) freq 125 Hz 250 Hz 500 Hz 1000 Hz 2000 Hz 4000 Hz L w s α c α w α f freq 1000 S Hz c α c Hz Hz S w α w L w s S f α f ΣS i α i α sab R T s

30 ACOUSTICAL ANALYSIS DINING ROOM CHARACTERISTICS: 15m x 7m x 3.24m (1 Floor) Wood Parquet Floor Acoustical Ceiling Tile Absorption Characteristics (SI) freq 125 Hz 250 Hz 500 Hz 1000 Hz 2000 Hz 4000 Hz α c α w α g α f S c α c S w α w Gypsum Walls Glass Windows S f α f ΣS i α I α sab R T r

31 ACOUSTICAL ANALYSIS ANALYSIS: L p r Actual 62 Dining Room / Reading Room Desired NC freq 125 Hz 250 Hz 500 Hz 1000 Hz 2000 Hz 4000 Hz L p s TL TL 50 5 Safety factor NR ACTUAL NC 50 L p r Actual L p r Desired

32 ACOUSTICAL ANALYSIS ANALYSIS: Additional Materials 2 Thick, Porous Sound Absorbing Material Mechanical Room Ceiling freq Achievements Absorb Excessive Low Frequency 125 Hz Rumbling 250 Hz Did Not Disturb Dining Room ACTUAL NC Hz 1000 Hz 2000 Hz 4000 Hz L p r Actual L p r Desired

33 CONCLUSIONS

34 CONCLUSIONS RECOMMENDATIONS: INSTALL - PARTIAL STORAGE-DEMAND LIMITING SYSTEM Decreases Peak Hourly Load Costs Does Not Interrupt the Mechanical System Downstream Has Minimal Payback Period

35 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

36 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY Tim Michael Peg Hart Brad Hochberg Steve Lee Rohini Brahme H.F. Lenz Company John Stewart Bob Stano AE FRIENDS The Roommates The Office The Woman

37 QUESTIONS

38 ACOUSTICAL EQUATIONS R T = ΣS i α i / [1-α sab ] α sab = ΣS i α i / ΣS i LP mech = LW mech 10Log[R Tmech ] + 6 NR = TL sf 10Log[S w / R Treceiver ] LP receiver = LP mech NR

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