climatic responsive tall buildings a sustainable design approach

Transcription

1 climatic responsive tall buildings a sustainable design approach presented by vince ugarów group director, hilson moran swegon air academy seminarium київ - мінск санкт-петербург kiev - minsk saint petersburg febuary 2011

2 introduction building performance and efficiency equally important as aesthetics, quality & iconic status why? it has a direct impact on our environment

3 socio-cultural impact of tall buildings environment socio-cultural economic landscape public realm politics culture cost investment environment energy religion economics water media air quality ecology economic

4 why is it important? uncontrolled development infrastructure pressures

5 our design approach

6 energy hierarchy on-site renewables photo voltaics, solar, wind, fuel cells infrastructure district energy centres, off site renewables energy efficient systems lighting, air con, mixed mode, controls $ facade design thermal, light transmission, shading mass & built form orientation, shape & fabric return on investment

7 wind studies solar analysis façade performance

8 prevailing wind conditions influence building orientation building form leading edge shape 30 St Mary Axe, London

9 wind tunnel tests reduce design assumptions provide design assurance deliver cost savings offer litigation protection

10 computational fluid dynamic analysis building shapes can be tested early in the design process small adjustments can make significant improvements multiple tall buildings in close proximity will influence results The Pinnacle, London

11 influence on building form and orientation 25% 25% 5% 20% 5% 65% 55% square form aerodynamic form

12 aerodynamic analysis public realm street level assessment public open spaces wind mitigation measures building occupants comfort natural ventilation design noise air quality engineering design façade surface pressures positioning air intakes & exhausts Tameer Towers, Abu Dhabi

13 annual wind data London Minsk St Petersburg Kiev velocity: 0 to 14 m/s

14 case study - the pinnacle, london client: Arab Investments architect: Kohn Pedersen Fox height: 288 metres size: 93,000m 2 mix: retail at street level financial trading floors levels 3 to 6 offices levels 7 to 52 restaurant levels 53 to 54 public viewing gallery levels 59 to 63 status: in construction

15 wind analysis the pinnacle SW wind direction: pressure distribution of facades (Pa)

16 mixed mode analysis the pinnacle natural ventilation concept

17 mixed mode analysis the pinnacle level 41 geometric layout

18 mixed mode analysis the pinnacle level 41 NE 5m/s scenario 1 inner windows open in the same direction interior exterior Exterior interior exterior

19 mixed mode analysis the pinnacle level 41 NE 5m/s * zones of high velocity * * *

20 mixed mode analysis the pinnacle level 41 NE 5m/s scenario 1 inner windows open in the same direction interior exterior scenario 2 inner windows open in the opposite direction Exterior interior exterior

21 mixed mode analysis the pinnacle level 41 NE 5m/s zones of high velocity have significantly reduced new window arrangement gives improved air mixing previous model

22 solar analysis sun path studies thermal comfort façade design daylight study

23 sun path analysis Identifies Wh/m² exposed and shaded elevations direct solar intensity Elizabeth House, London

24 air temperature data London Minsk St Petersburg Kiev

25 façade performance factors g-value = % of the total solar radiant heat energy entering a room through the glass u-value = heat transmittance through a surface by conduction, convection and radiation

26 human comfort study operative temperature influenced by façade g-value and u-value limit = 26 o C to 27 o C ref: BS ISO 7730;2005

27 façade thermal performance balance between g-value: heat gain, from outside to inside u-value: heat loss from inside to outside

28 façade components glass versus solid

29 thermal comfort analysis vision panel height

30 thermal performance summary temperate climates g-value dominant transparency cold climates u-value dominant solidity all climates triple vent facades

31 triple vent façade temp C solar protection 85% u-value 1.3W/m²K light transmission 60% 20

32 building performance studies The Pinnacle, London notional Dbl 2.85m Dbl 3.85m internal vent external vent external vent, NV Fl external vent, NV Fl & daylight control notional target

33 daylight studies energy efficient artificial lighting utilising presence detection & daylight control daylight factors above 5% below 2% Animation by Hilson Moran

34 specific observation a final decision has been passed to move the 400-metre Okhta Centre skyscraper to a different location Valentina Matvienko - St. Petersburg Governor re-evaluate: wind studies building orientation & form street level assessment & public open spaces wind mitigation measures positioning air intakes & exhausts re-evaluate: solar analysis façade design internal thermal comfort energy performance

35 conclusion tall buildings can harness site specific climatic conditions, to contribute to a sustainable and energy efficient design approach they have a unique opportunity to lead by example.

36 an interesting trend 1930 empire state & chrysler buildings the great depression 1972 to 1974 world trade center towers & seares tower american economic stagflation 1998 petronas towers asian financial crisis 1989 canary wharf 90 s recession

37 an interesting trend 2009 burj kalifa 2014 the pinnacle 2014 okhta centre

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