Introduction Objective Materials and Methods Experimental Results Conclusions
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2 Introduction Objective Materials and Methods Experimental Results Conclusions
3 Trickling biofilter concept: Microbial attachment: Synthetic inorganic or polymeric media Intermittent delivery of Nutrient & Buffer to the media Consistent Nutrient & ph control Optimizing the waste utilizing kinetics Trickle-Bed Air Biofilter (TBAB) Consistent, stable, high level performance
4 challenges in application Characteristic source Operation maintenance Variation in Concentration Variation in Composition Non-use periods Biomass accumulation
5 Characterization of TBAB performance under adverse operating conditions Effect of step-change in single solute concentration Effect of non-use periods VOC Interchanging VOCs Mixtures TBAB Integrated with Adsorption Unit
6 Reactor : Independent lab-scale TBAB Media: pelletized biological support media
7 1 2 Air N2 + O2 4 S VOCs Particulates Water CO2 3 VOCs S S Sampling Location 7 S 1. Electronic Air Cleaner 2. Mass Flow Controller 3. Syringe Pump 4. Nutrient Feed Control System 5. Nutrient Feed Tank 6. Spray Nozzle 7. Trickle Bed Biofilter 8. Pelletized Media S S S Effluent Air Effluent Water
8 Feed VOC Mixtures Aromatic Oxygenated Toluene Styrene Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) K H S K H = dimensionless Henry s law constant S = water solubility, mg/l
9 Feed VOC Mixtures Mixture 1: Equal Molar Ratio Toluene: Styrene: MEK: MIBK = 1: 1: 1: 1 Mixture 2: Emission Ratio Based on EPA 23 toxic release report for chemical industries Toluene: Styrene: MEK: MIBK =.448:.26:.234:.58
10 Operating Condition Inlet concentration of feed VOCs 5 ppmv ~ 1 ppmv for mixture 1 5 ppmv ~ 5 ppmv for mixture 2 Flow rate Air flow = 1.35 L/min (Constant EBRT = 2.2 min) Biomass control : Periodic in-situ backwashing Frequency: 1 hour of duration / a week
11 Operating Condition for Mixture 1 Operation stage I II III IV V EBRT, min Inlet Conc., ppmv Total Loading Kg COD/m 3 -d Buffered nutrient flow L/d
12 Operating Condition for Mixture 2 Operation stage I II III IV V VI EBRT, min Inlet Conc., ppmv Total Loading Kg COD/m 3 -d Buffered nutrient flow L/d
13 Removal capacity of single VOCs in TBAB Previous Toluene Current Previous Styrene Current EBRT, min Critical Con., ppmv MEK MIBK Previous Current Previous Current EBRT, min Critical Con., ppmv
14 Current Study (VOCs Mixtures) TBAB performance with respect to VOC removal Effluent response corresponding to step change of feeding VOCs Removal profile along biofilter depth
15 TBAB performance with respect to VOC removal VOC Con., ppmv V IV III II I , % VOC Mixture Influent VOC Mixture Effluent
16 VOC Con., ppmv , % VOC Mixture Influent VOC Mixture Effluent
17 VOC Con., ppmv , % VOC Mixture Influent VOC Mixture Effluent
18 VOC Con., ppmv , % VOC Mixture Influent VOC Mixture Effluent
19 VOC Con., ppmv , % VOC Mixture Influent VOC Mixture Effluent
20 VOC Con., ppmv , % VOC Mixture Influent VOC Mixture Effluent
21 Toluene Con., ppmv , % Toluene Influent Toluene Effluent
22 Toluene Con., ppmv , % Toluene Influent Toluene Effluent
23 Toluene Con., ppmv , % Toluene Influent Toluene Effluent
24 Toluene Con., ppmv , % Toluene Influent Toluene Effluent
25 Toluene Con., ppmv , % Toluene Influent Toluene Effluent
26 Styrene Con., ppmv Styrene Influent Styrene Effluent
27 Styrene Con., ppmv Styrene Influent Styrene Effluent
28 Styrene Con., ppmv Styrene Influent Styrene Effluent
29 Styrene Con., ppmv Styrene Influent Styrene Effluent
30 Styrene Con., ppmv Styrene Influent Styrene Effluent
31 MEK Con., ppmv , % MEK Influent MEK Effluent
32 MEK Con., ppmv , % MEK Influent MEK Effluent
33 MEK Con., ppmv , % MEK Influent MEK Effluent
34 MEK Con., ppmv , % MEK Influent MEK Effluent
35 MEK Con., ppmv , % MEK Influent MEK Effluent
36 MIBK Con., ppmv , % MIBK Influent MIBK Effluent
37 MIBK Con., ppmv , % MIBK Influent MIBK Effluent
38 MIBK Con., ppmv , % MIBK Influent MIBK Effluent
39 MIBK Con., ppmv , % MIBK Influent MIBK Effluent
40 MIBK Con., ppmv , % MIBK Influent MIBK Effluent
41 TBAB performance with respect to VOC removal 6 1 VOC Mixture Con., ppmv I II III IV V VI , % VOC Mixture Influent VOC Mixture Effluent
42 6 1 VOC Mixture Con., ppmv , % VOC Mixture Influent VOC Mixture Effluent
43 6 1 VOC Mixture Con., ppmv , % VOC Mixture Influent VOC Mixture Effluent
44 6 1 VOC Mixture Con., ppmv , % VOC Mixture Influent VOC Mixture Effluent
45 6 1 VOC Mixture Con., ppmv , % VOC Mixture Influent VOC Mixture Effluent
46 6 1 VOC Mixture Con., ppmv , % VOC Mixture Influent VOC Mixture Effluent
47 6 1 VOC Mixture Con., ppmv , % VOC Mixture Influent VOC Mixture Effluent
48 Toluene Con., ppmv , % Toluene Influent Toluene Effluent
49 Toluene Con., ppmv , % Toluene Influent Toluene Effluent
50 Toluene Con., ppmv , % Toluene Influent Toluene Effluent
51 Toluene Con., ppmv , % Toluene Influent Toluene Effluent
52 Toluene Con., ppmv , % Toluene Influent Toluene Effluent
53 Toluene Con., ppmv , % Toluene Influent Toluene Effluent
54 16 1 Styrene Con. ppmv , % Styrene Influent Styrene Effluent
55 16 1 Styrene Con. ppmv , % Styrene Influent Styrene Effluent
56 16 1 Styrene Con. ppmv , % Styrene Influent Styrene Effluent
57 16 1 Styrene Con. ppmv , % Styrene Influent Styrene Effluent
58 16 1 Styrene Con. ppmv , % Styrene Influent Styrene Effluent
59 16 1 Styrene Con. ppmv , % Styrene Influent Styrene Effluent
60 16 1 MEK Con., ppmv REmoval Efficiency, % MEK Influent MEK Effluent
61 16 1 MEK Con., ppmv REmoval Efficiency, % MEK Influent MEK Effluent
62 16 1 MEK Con., ppmv REmoval Efficiency, % MEK Influent MEK Effluent
63 16 1 MEK Con., ppmv REmoval Efficiency, % MEK Influent MEK Effluent
64 16 1 MEK Con., ppmv REmoval Efficiency, % MEK Influent MEK Effluent
65 16 1 MEK Con., ppmv REmoval Efficiency, % MEK Influent MEK Effluent
66 MIBK Con., ppmv , % MIBK Influent MIBK Effluent
67 MIBK Con., ppmv , % MIBK Influent MIBK Effluent
68 MIBK Con., ppmv , % MIBK Influent MIBK Effluent
69 MIBK Con., ppmv , % MIBK Influent MIBK Effluent
70 MIBK Con., ppmv , % MIBK Influent MIBK Effluent
71 MIBK Con., ppmv , % MIBK Influent MIBK Effluent
72 8 8 Removal rate, kg COD/m 3 day MEK 5.6 kg COD/m 3.day (95.6 g/m 3.hr) MIBK 4.3 kg COD/m 3.day Toluene 3.5 kg COD/m 3.day Styrene 1.9 kg COD/m 3.day Single Solute Toluene Styrene MEK MIBK 99% Removal Removal Loading Rate, kg COD/m 3.day Mixture kg COD/m 3.day 1.3 kg COD/m 3.day Mixture Toluene Styrene MEK MIBK 99% removal Loading rate, kg COD/m 3 day Loading Rate, kg COD/m 3.day
73 8 8 Single Solute Mixture 2 Removal rate, kg COD/m 3 day MEK 5.6 kg COD/m 3.day (95.6 g/m 3.hr) MIBK 4.3 kg COD/m 3.day Toluene 3.5 kg COD/m 3.day Styrene 1.9 kg COD/m 3.day Toluene Styrene MEK MIBK 99% Removal Removal Rate, kg COD/m 3.day kg COD/m 3.day Mixture Toluene Styrene MEK MIBK 99% Removal Loading rate, kg COD/m 3 day Loading Rate,kg COD/m 3.day
74 Biofilter Response for Step Change in Conc. Time, min 5 ppmv 1 ppmv 25 ppmv 5 ppmv 1 ppmv
75 Biofilter Response for Step Change in Conc. Time, min 5 ppmv 1 ppmv 25 ppmv 3 ppmv 35 ppmv 5 ppmv
76 1 8, % Mixture 1 5 ppmv 1 ppmv 25 ppmv 5 ppmv 1 ppmv Media Bed Depth, cm
77 1 8, % Mixture 2 5 ppmv 1 ppmv 25 ppmv 3 ppmv 35 ppmv 5 ppmv Media Bed Depth, cm
78 Over 99% removal efficiency could be maintained at inlet concentrations up to 5 ppmv for mixture 1 and 3 ppmv for Mixture 2. Re-acclimation was delayed for both mixtures with increase of inlet concentrations. The biofilter performance for mixture 2 required longer time to recover than that mixture 1 due to higher toluene content in mixture 2. Biofilter depth utilization increased with increase of inlet concentrations for both biofilters. MEK and MIBK in the mixtures were removed in the upper biofilter depth, and removal of styrene and toluene utilized more biofilter depth. Toluene content in the mixture played a major role in the biofilter overall performance. And removal of toluene efficiency decreased with increase of content of MEK and MIBK in the mixtures.
79 The authors are pleased to acknowledge the financial support for the research by National Science Foundation under award # BES
80 Questions?
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