Types of Cladding Systems. Storefront. Standard Curtainwall. Custom Curtainwall. Structural Glazing. inserting glass frame into the building fabric

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1 Types of Cladding Systems Storefront inserting glass frame into the building fabric Standard Curtainwall engineered system (shear block mullions, pressure bar, beauty spot) Custom Curtainwall Structural Glazing glass walls

2 curtain wall systems

3 structural glass

4 The Evolution of Transparency: Suspended Glazing & Point Fixing Offices for Willis, Faber & Dumas Ipswich Foster and Associates

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13 Willis Faber & Dumas Building ( ) Foster Associates

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19 Solar-tinted glass, 2 meters square, corner patch fittings, silicon jointed structural glass

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22 parapet detail

23 glass at grade detail

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25 Rafael Vinoly! Toyko International Forum 1996!

26 Rafael Vinoly! Toyko International Forum 1996!

27 Rafael Vinoly! Toyko International Forum 1996!

28 Rafael Vinoly! Toyko International Forum 1996!

29 Rafael Vinoly! Toyko International Forum 1996!

30 Rafael Vinoly! Toyko International Forum 1996!

31 Glazing Construction: Structural Glass 5 meters wide! 11 meter cantilever!

32 Glazing Construction: Structural Glass

33 Glazing Construction: Structural Glass

34 Seattle (bottom) and Madison (top)

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38 closed (left) and open (right)

39 double envelope serves as a thermal space, provides circulation routes and garden space

40 Glazing Construction: Clamping Plate

41 bracing systems

42 .. a series of clips clamp unit of the curtain wall in place horizontal laminated glass girts support the curtain wall from lateral forces. Diamond and Schmitt Four Seasons Centre for the Performing Arts Toronto

43 a series of clips clamp unit of the curtain wall in place Diamond and Schmitt Four Seasons Centre for the Performing Arts Toronto

44 Glazing Construction: Steel and Cable Tension Structures Primary truss with secondary rigging Qualities of the Materials Maximized Transparency Smooth Exterior Surfaces Mitsubishi Car Showroom Kota Kinabalu, East Malaysia

45 Glazing Construction: Primary truss Children s Hospital

46 Glazing Construction: Steel and Cable Tension Structures Primary truss with secondary rigging Many manufacturers of architectural rigging products began as manufacturers of rigging for sail boats.

47 Glazing Construction: Steel and Cable Tension Structures Turnbuckles and Rigging Screws Architectural Nautical

48 Glazing Construction: Steel and Cable Tension Structures Primary truss with secondary rigging most conventional truss fabrication most rigid most economical

49 Glazing Construction: Steel and Cable Tension Structures Bow String Truss transmits no tension forces into boundary structure erects quickly middle range of pricing middle range of transparency

50 Glazing Construction: Steel and Cable Tension Structures Cable Truss generates highest tensile load into boundary structure requires increased support stiffness lightweight maximum transparency upper range of pricing

51 Glazing Construction: Steel and Cable Tension Structures Tension Truss System Suggested Typical Structural or Tension Truss Systems Cigar Shaped Tension Rod Truss System Fishtail Tension Rod Truss System Column Forward Column Through Center

52 Glazing Construction: Steel and Cable Tension Structures Tension Truss System Typical Horizontal Rigging Suggested Typical Structural or Tension Truss Systems Column Through Center Column Forward Fishtail Tension Rod Truss System Cigar Shaped Tension Rod Truss System

53 Glazing Construction: Steel and Cable Tension Structures Tension Truss System

54 Glazing Construction: Glass Mullion Systems Glass Fin Bracing uses glass fins as a means of support for maximum transparency very high facades can be designed that don t exert large in-plane loads

55 Glazing Construction: Glass Fin Bracing Extension to Glass Museum Kingswinford, England 1994

56 Glazing Construction: Glass Fin Bracing Extension to Glass Museum Kingswinford, England 1994

57 Glazing Construction: Glass Fin Bracing

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60 closed (left) and open (right)

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62 Glazing Construction: Cable Braced Systems Sega

63 Glazing Construction: Cable Braced Systems

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65 Glazing Construction: Cable Braced Systems Helsinki

66 Glazing Construction: Cable Braced Systems St. Basil s Academy

67 Glazing Construction: Cable Braced Systems

68 Glazing Construction: Cable Braced Systems Finnish Embasssy Washington D.C section plan

69 Glazing Construction: Cable Braced Systems Finnish Embasssy Washington D.C. 1994

70 Glazing Construction: Cable Braced Systems

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75 Glazing Construction: Transferring Stresses Glass systems: connections fixings for glass and load-carrying connections between glass elements introduce forces into either the edge or the body of the glass in order to avoid excessive stress peaks, a certain minimum size of stress transfer zone is always essential. local stress peaks must be avoided at all costs in glass construction

76 Glazing Construction: Point Fixing A glass pane can be either fastened directly onto the bearing substructure or to the nodal points of pretensioned cable structures. point-fixing system without perforation the glass panes are fixed in position by fittings attached on both sides point-fixing system with glass perforation the glass panes are equipped with bore-holes and fastened with screws

77 Glazing Construction: Glazing Bar Linear support May be steel, aluminum, timber or plastic profile to exert a contact pressure along the full length of the glass and supporting construction.

78 Glazing Construction: Structural Sealant

79 Glazing Construction: Transferring Stresses Friction: a mechanical interlocking of the microscopic surface imperfection of both contact faces elasticity and fatigue strength of the friction cushion are critical to the quality of the friction joint. forces transferred are roughly linear

80 Glazing Construction: Transferring Stresses Direct Contact Only compressive forces acting perpendicular to the contact face may be transmitted via contact.

81 James Carpenter

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83 Soft Envelope: ETFE: Ethyl Tetra Fluoro Ethylene cushions ETFE cushion fabrication process. After drawing specific patterns on the layer (a), Hot plate (b) was used to bond two polymer layers (c).

84 Each part of the connection compartment and the assembled unit. Three rectangular parts connect to the circular ring by material flexibility. The number of the vertical parts and the notches of the ring change to adapt the different number of the membranes meeting at the joint.

85 ETFE cushions attached to the large scale mock-up system with the connection part.

86 Schematic design simplified connection part for small scale building (a) mock-up fabricated by Laser cutter (b).

87 Detail of two story building mock-up using a novel joinery system. Each joint compartment successfully connects each membrane of the façade structure without using any adhesive or three dimensional fabricating tools.

88 Different configuration and shapes of ETFE pillows and the interstitial layer added to reduce acoustic problem.

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STRUCTURAL GLASS FACADE ALL GLASS FINS & BEAMS

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