Class Three Moderate Priority Recommendations This class of work is moderate high priority work that should be scheduled in the first 3 years.

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1 Froggers Creek Tree Consultants Ltd McGregor Avenue Burnaby BC, V5J4H4 Telephone: Fax: Kyle Robertson Operations Coordinator Granville Island Head office 1661 Duranleau Street Vancouver BC Tree Management Plan Purpose of Visit I have been asked to provide a Tree Management Plan for all the trees located on Granville Island. In March 2011 I provided a Tree Management Plan for 51 Lombardy poplars. I have included the poplars in this report. I have inventoried and assessed all the remaining trees and plotted out their approximate locations on the CAD file provided. I have provided recommendations and prioritized the work for each tree. General Overview This report provides a first look at the trees around the property, from which it derives some potential management options. While there are some cases where tree maintenance recommendations are specific and resolute, there are many more cases where management recommendations are adaptable to suit the resources and inclination of the client or situation. The work has been prioritized into 5 different classes: Class One Urgent Priority Recommendations This class of work should be scheduled as soon as possible. It includes the following tree management problems: 1) Trees that should be removed due to high hazard potential. 2) Trees that require immediate pruning interventions to reduce potentially hazardous situations. Class Two High Priority Recommendations This class of work should be scheduled within the first year or two. This class includes trees requiring tree maintenance actions that will result in the best outcome if they are preformed sooner rather than later. Class Three Moderate Priority Recommendations This class of work is moderate high priority work that should be scheduled in the first 3 years. Class Four Lower Priority Recommendations This class of work is moderate priority work that should be scheduled in the 3 to 5 years time. This class of work encompasses those trees which are currently in not high priority but needs to be done sooner rather than later, if not attended to this work will become urgent. Class Five Lowest Priority Recommendations This class of work encompasses work that will eventually likely need to be done. Most of this work should be spread out over years 5 to 10. It includes the eventual removal of most of the poplars. The priority of this work will become higher over time. These recommendations are in the inventory which is on a separate spreadsheet that is included with this report. This inventory is a working document that should be used to manage the work being done. The recommendations for the poplars have not changed. 3 of the trees have been removed. The priority of the work for the poplars has moved up. What was a 3 is now a 2 etc. I have highlighted new recommendation with the poplars in red.

2 Observations I have not been able to get a complete history of these trees. There is no full record of what has happened to these trees during their life. I provided a timeline of impacts for the Lombardy poplars in the previous report, that has not changed. However I do not have a timeline of what has happened to the remaining trees on this site. The following information I have been able to piece together. Martin Harcourt (previous Gardener) did a soil analysis of the site. The site is made up of fill from the dredging of false creek. It is heavily affected by the concrete plant, and the debris and dust that comes off the Granville Street bridge. The area by the water park play area has recently been disturbed and fill has been added around some of the trees. It does not appear that the health of many of the trees in this area have not been affected yet. See discussion why soil against the trunk is not good. Most of the trees have not been pruned too hard and appear to have been well maintained as far as pruning is concerned. The site growing conditions is beyond the scope of this report. No soil samples were taken. Many of the honeylocusts that are planted in Ron Basford Park appear to have poor grafting unions. They may also have been subjected to weedeater damage. The base of many of the trees are not in good condition. There are many trees that have been damaged by cars parking in the past. There have been electrical plugs attached to trunks and or the base of the trees Discussion The soil and growing conditions vary widely on the site. Many of the trees are growing with pavement and/or pavers right up to the base of the trees. It is very likely that many of the trees are growing in compacted soil conditions. I do not know what the soil conditions are like under the pavers. Some of the trees in these conditions are in poor or declining health yet amazingly some of the trees are in good health. So there must be adequate soil in some places. I do not know how often or how much water these trees are getting during the summer. Under watering and over watering has most likely resulted in the decline of some of the trees. Trees that are growing in poor compacted soil conditions (parking areas) can show signs of water stress because of the inability of the soil to hold water because it is compacted. There are 688 trees planted on Granville Island that I have assessed and mapped out. Granville Island has a tendency to plant a monoculture of trees, only a few different species of trees. There are 166 red maples, 102 honeylocust and 65 Norway maples. These trees also tend to be planted together in monogamous groups. One of the biggest problems of a monoculture of trees is pest and disease. Insects and disease organisms are often host or species specific. A perfect example of this on this site is honeylocust gall pod midge. When you have 102 honey locusts planted within 90m of each other, you will have nothing but serious pest problems. Most of the trees appear to be structurally good, other than small problems. There is one tree #304 that has recently uprooted. This tree will either need to be propped up or removed. There are several other trees that have uprooted in the past but they have self corrected themselves and are not currently unstable. Many of the trees have been planted too deep. The trunk bark is not the same as root bark and is not resistant to soil borne disease organisms. Planting a tree too deep will shorten its life and could make it unstable in the future. There is nothing that can be done now for these trees. All replacement trees need to be planted with their root collars at or above the soil level. In the parking areas a post has been installed adjacent to the many of the trees to protect the trees from cars. Many of these posts have lights attached to them. I do not believe that these light work anymore. Many of the trees have grown Tree Management Plan Granville Island 2

3 into the lights doing serious damage to the trees. There are many trees that have grown into their trunk protection cages. Two plane trees (612 and 613) have metal tree wells around the base. These wells have been left on too long and the trees are now growing into the wells. The wells are seriously girdling the trees. I do not know if these wells can be removed. If they are not removed the trees will eventually break off at the base and fall over. Conclusions/ Recommendations: I have provided recommendations for the Lombardy poplars in previous report. Please refer to that report and these recommendation are still applicable, only a higher priority as we are in year 2 of that report. The watering of these trees must be closely monitored during the summer. The existing watering system can not just be turned on and left unattended, it needs to be carefully monitored for its effectiveness and possible damage. I suspect that many of the trees that are not doing well is due to either too little or too much water. It is important to inspect the soil moisture level on trees that are not in good health. The post lights on the parking posts should be removed. The cages around some of the trees need to be removed or realigned. Some of them need to be removed right away. The metal grate around tree #612 and 613 needs to be removed right away. If it cannot be removed without seriously damaging the base of the trees the two trees will need to be removed. Stakes, cages, post are good things around the trees but they need to be managed and removed before they cause damage to the trees. The electrical plugs should not be attached to trees and need to be removed. This is especially bad around the hotel. There are 4 electrical plugs recently installed at the base of the 4 cherries behind the hotel. These plugs are right at the base of the cherries. Cherries are very fast aggressive growing trees, within two years these trees will be engulfing these plugs, in five years the plugs will be unusable and an electrical hazard. Remove the plugs. Electrical plugs should be no closer than 1 foot from the trunk of a tree. Christmas lights need to be taken off trees after Christmas. If they are left on the tree permanently they should be taken completely off twice a years and put back on in a different location as to not girdle or damage the tree. Replanting Trees As there are many trees that I am recommending removed there will be many opportunities for replanting. I am providing the following recommendations for replanting: The soil in the planting area should be checked for type, depth, compaction and drainage. If in doubt send sample off to lab. Replace soil if necessary. Only high quality replacement trees should be planted; trees with a single trunk, a central leader, are well formed, no girdling roots, good health at least 8' in height should be planted. Trees should not be planted too deep. Do not plant the same type of tree or species in the same hole as the tree removed. Do not plant any more red maples, honeylocust, poplars, Norway maples, English oaks, pin oaks, Austrian pines. There are enough of these trees already. Rather then planting a moniculture of one type of tree, plant every second tree a different species. So rather than a row of only red maples have 1 red maple, 1 upright tulip tree, 1 red maple, 1 tulip tree etc. The trees need separation by species. I am providing the following list of trees that should be planted at Granville Island. These trees were chosen for diversity, adaptability and resistance to diseases and insects: Areas where a large taller trees are needed instead of red and Norway maples 1. Autumn applause ash- Fraxinus: Autumn Applause or Autumn Purple 2. Tupelo- Nyssa sylvatica 3. Gingko- in a well drained area Tree Management Plan Granville Island 3

4 4. Bald cypress - Taxodium distichum 'Shawnee Brave' in wet areas 5. Japanese zelcova- Zelcova serrata 6. Persian ironwood- Parrotia persica 7. Dove tree- Davidia involcrata 8. Kobus Magnolia- Magnolia kobus 9. Deodar cedar- Cedrus deodara evergreen 10. Incense cedar- Calocedrus decurrens evergreen In tight spots where upright trees are needed 11. Upright tulip tree - Liriodenron tulipfera fastigiatum 12. Dawyck Beech - Fagus sylvatica Dawyck 13. Hornbeam- but not near existing hornbeams 14. Columnar aspen- Populus tremula Erecta 15. Serbian spruce 16. Capital callery pear- Pyrus calleryana Capital Smaller more ornamental trees, instead of Japanese maple 17. Obassa snowbell- Stryax obassa 18. Paperbark maple- Acer griseum 19. Japanese Stewartia- Stewartia japonica 20. Korean Dogwood- Cornus kousa Pruning It is assumed that every tree will require regular maintenance pruning every 5 years. This pruning would include crown clearing, clearance and structural pruning. All trees should be put on a five year rotation. All of the tree work that I have recommended should only be performed by a fully qualified arborist. When there is pruning or work outside of this regular maintenance I have provided individual recommendations in the inventory. The following is a list of my recommendations and what they mean: Removal- I am recommending the tree removed within the time frame. Crown Cleaning- Involves removing dead, dying and structurally weak branches. It can include reducing the weight of large branches and trunks. While in the arborist is in the tree it should be further assessed. Often there is decay within topping wounds or elsewhere in the tree that is not visible from the ground. Ideally any issues found would be dealt with while the arborist is in the tree. Clearance Pruning- Trees like the maples have a wider crown spread than the poplars and often interfere with traffic, wires and lights etc. Structural pruning. Young trees require this type of pruning right from the start and every 2 years after until the trees have grown the desired form. Sometimes trees are in poor structure because their tops have broken out or they have been topped and require structural pruning to regain the desirable form. Reduction pruning (only for poplars)- Through proper pruning cuts (drop crotch pruning) and limiting the size of the cut to less than 3 the height of many of these trees can effectively be reduced by as much as 30%. The taller the tree the more force it exerts on its root plate and trunk. Shortening the height of a tall tree can greatly reduce its potential for failure. Balance Crown- The Lombardy poplars along the west property line have been pruned on one side only. Balancing the crown would reduce the branches on the extreme east side of the tree to try to reduce the weight pulling the trees over. Cut girdling root- Girdling roots restrict the even growth of the base of the tree. They can eventually constrict the growth to the point that the tree dies or falls over. Removing girdling roots even large ones can lengthen the trees life expectancy substantially. Re-assess the trees- All the poplars requiring re-assessment every 4 to 5 years for the life of the trees to reduce the potential for damage happening. Tree Management Plan Granville Island 4

5 The trees in the parking lot of Ocean Construction are still being impacted by the trucks backing into the trees. I am recommending that curbs be installed to limit the trucks backing up and protect the trees from further damage. Eventually the decay will spread through these trees making them dangerous. Inventory Headings Column A Tag #- this is the number corresponding to the tree. Only the Lombardy poplars have been tagged. I have moved the poplars to the end of the inventory by adding 1000 to the tag number. Column B Common name. I have assessed the trees in the dead of winter making ID very difficult and tricky, often only allow me to get the species of the tree.. Column C DBH- Trunk diameter of the tree measured at chest height Column D Ht- The approximate height of tree. Column E CR- Crown radius of the tree- this is the spread of the foliage and is shown on the drawing as a green circle. Column F Health-This is the biological health of the tree. Health is not structure and only has a minimal effect on the structural integrity of the tree. A tree can be healthy but completely rotten inside. A dead tree can have minimal decay and be structurally strong. Health of the tree is broken down to: Good- tree appears to be doing well and is healthy Fair (vast majority) this means that the tree is not fully healthy and is not doing as well as could be expected. Some fair trees are starting to show signs of decline but this decline should be able to be reversed if existing problems are corrected (could be water stress) Declining- Likely showing dieback in the crown. It is my belief that these trees cannot be saved and will eventually die. Therefore I have recommended replacement in the long term for all of them. Poor- Doing really bad, requires removal soon as these trees won't live long Dead-no more need to be said "This parrots dead". Column G (hidden only applies to the poplars) Lean- Many of the poplars are leaning. This is the % of lean from perpendicular and the direction the tree is leaning. Odds are if the tree was to fall over it would fall in the direction of the lean. 5% is moderate and 15% is a lot. Column H (hidden only applies to the poplars) Active Growth- This is one of the more important categories. A poplar with good active growth can often compensate for structural problems and can often outgrow serious decays and roots. Column I Planting area- refers to where the tree has been planted. The options include: Pavers (pavers at the base), Asphalt, Planter (contained soil area for the tree), Grass and slope(sloped area near the waters edge) Column J Clearance- Distance branches are from a building. Road refers to clearance from the road or parking area. Column K Hard Surface- This column refers to the damage that the tree's roots are causing to hard surfaces like pavers and asphalt. I broke it down into low, mod(erate) and high. Low is starting to damage the surfaces and does not require fixing but it may become a problem in the future. Moderate substantial damage and needs repair, could be a trip and fall hazard. High needs to be fixed asap and is a trip and fall hazard. Column L Visual Structural Notes- These are structural issues that I can see without climbing the tree, doing a full root crown excavation, or drilling/probing into the tree. It includes sounding with a nylon hammer. Major areas of decay can Tree Management Plan Granville Island 5

6 often be heard by hitting a tree with a hammer al around the tree at the base and any large exposed roots. All the trees were completely sounded with a hammer. Column M(hidden only applies to the poplars) Core Samples Taken from Lombardy poplars only- This is for work above and beyond a normal visual tree assessment. At this time I have drilled into many of the trees. I drill into the tree with a small diameter drill bit. With experience and practice I can usually determine the extent of decay and how serious the decay is by drilling into the tree. Drilling into a tree is not absolute as it has many limitations and problems: 1 st It injures the tree. A hole in the tree even a tiny hole creates a pathway for decay organisms to enter the tree. As most decay organisms are extremely small a tiny hole is like a huge entry way to them. Because of this I only drill when I feel I have no other option and cannot fully assess the tree visually, knowing very well that I could be making it worse. 2 nd It only shows me what is going on exactly where I drill. If there is major decay present 1 foot away from where I drill and the decay has not spread I will not be able to tell. But because of the 1 st limitation I do not punch a million holes into the tree. 3 rd A few decays do not actually change the colour of the wood or the resistance that the drill feels when drilling into them. This can give a false sense of security. Column J-N Recommendations- I have prioritized the work into 5 classes. See 1 st page for definition of classes. Drawings: A map showing the approximate locations of the trees has been included in the Appendix. The locations of the trees are approximate. End Report CERTIFICATION: This report and the opinions expressed within it have been prepared in good faith and to accepted arboricultural standards within the scope afforded by its terms of reference and the resources made available to the consultant. Glenn Murray Froggers Creek Tree Consultants Ltd. Board Certified Master Arborist I.S.A. Certification # PN-0795B Certified Tree Assessor # 0049 Dated: Tree Management Plan Granville Island 6

7 ASSUMPTIONS AND LIMITING CONDITIONS 1. This report and the opinions expressed within it have been prepared in good faith and to accepted arboricultural standards within the scope afforded by its terms of reference and the resources made available to the consultant. The report provides no undertakings regarding the future condition or behavior of the trees reviewed within it. Tree hazard and condition assessments are not an exact science. Both qualities can and do change over time and should be reappraised periodically. Lombardy poplars are unpredictable at the best of times. These trees have been impacted critically multiple times and are highly unpredictable. The recommendations provided for all trees will only reduce the potential for failure. 2. This assessment was limited to a visual tree evaluation only. No core samples were taken. No tissue samples have been cultured or analyzed by plant pathologists. No root or root crown excavations were undertaken. No aerial reconnaissance was attempted, beyond that made possible by binoculars. 3. Any legal description provided to the consultant/appraiser is assumed to be correct. No responsibility is assumed for matters legal in character. Any and all property is appraised or evaluated as though free and clear, under responsible ownership and competent management. 4. It is assumed that any property is not in violation of any applicable codes, ordinances, statutes, or other governmental regulations. 5. Care has been taken to obtain all information from reliable sources. All data has been verified insofar as possible; however, the consultant/appraiser can neither guarantee nor be responsible for the information provided by others. 6. The consultant/appraiser shall not be required to give testimony or to attend court by reason of this report unless subsequent contractual arrangements are made, including payment of an additional fee for such services as described in the fee schedule and contract of engagement. 7. Loss or alteration of any part of this report invalidates the entire report. 8. Possession of this report or a copy thereof does not imply right of publication or use for any purpose by any other than the person to whom it is addressed, without the prior expressed written or verbal consent of the consultant/appraiser. 9. Neither all nor any part of the contents of this report, nor copy thereof, shall be conveyed by anyone, including the client, to the public through advertising, public relations, news, sales or other media, without the prior expressed written or verbal consent of the consultant/appraiser particularly as to value conclusions, identity of the consultant/appraiser, or any reference to any professional society or institute or to any initiated designation conferred upon the consultant/appraiser as stated in his qualification. 10. Only the on-site trees have been visually assessed. No off-site trees have been assessed. Tree Management Plan Granville Island 7