Quantifying Agroforestry in Europe with a Focus on the UK

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1 Quantifying Agroforestry in Europe with a Focus on the UK Paul J. Burgess 1, Michael den Herder 2, and Matt Upson 1 1 School of Energy, Environment and Agrifood, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK 2 European Forest Institute, Joensuu, Finland Presentation at the Farm Woodland Forum Annual Meeting Organic Research Centre, Hamstead Marshall, UK 18 May 2015 European Union s Seventh Framework Program for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no Copyright 2015 AGFORWARD

2 Preliminary Stratification and Quantification of Agroforestry in Europe den Herder, M., Burgess, P.J, Mosquera- Losada, M.R., Herzog, F., Hartel, T., Upson, M., Viholainen, I. and Rosati, A. (2015). Preliminary stratification and quantification of agroforestry in Europe. Milestone Report 1.1 for EU FP7 Research Project: AGFORWARD pp Available at

3 Agroforestry comprises the integration of trees and shrubs with crops and/or livestock

4 Agroforestry We use existing comprises literature to quantify the area of: the integration high value trees of trees with (and livestock shrubs) and crops, and with agroforestry crops and/or of livestock high nature and cultural value

5 Extent of agroforestry with high value trees Practice Country Extent (ha) Source Streuobst Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Croatia, Romania, Poland, Czech Rep 904,214 Eichhorn et al. 2006; Herzog 1998 Pré-vergers France 151,000 Ducros et al Other orchard systems Agroforestry with olives, vines, chestnut, carob or pine Traditional orchards Denmark, Italy, Spain, Greece, Portugal Spain, Portugal, Greece, France, Italy, Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland 146,303 Statistics Denmark 2013; Cullotta et al. 1999; Papanastasis et al. 2009; INE 2002; Anuario Vegetal ,553,625 INE 2002, Anuario Vegetal 2006, Papanastasis et al. 2009, Eichhorn et al. 2009, Conedera et al. 2004, Pardini 2009, Inventario Florestal Nacional (2013) UK 25,350 Robertson et al Sub-total 2,780,492 Sweet cherry and vegetables in Switzerland by Felix Herzog Olive trees intercropped in Lesvos, Greece, by Vasileios Papanastasis

6 Extent of high nature and cultural value agroforestry according to literature Practice Country Extent (ha) Source Dehesa Spain 3,606,151 Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente 2008 Oak montado Portugal 1,059,000 Inventário Florestal Nacional 2013a Other Mediterranean Other wood pasture in continental Europe Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Italy, Hungary, Sweden, Finland 2,296,846 Castro 2009; Papanastasis et al. 2009, Pardini ,639 Glaser and Hauke 2004; Luick, 2009; Greif 1992; Herzog 1998; Bölöni et al. 2008, Pardini 2009, Statistics Sweden 2013, Vainio et al Montado and goat grazing in Portugal, photo by João HN Palma. Wood pasture UK 15,000 Maddock 2008 (10,000-20,000) and parklands Sub-total 7,364,636 Ancient oak-dominated wood-pasture from southern Transylvania, photo by Tibor Hartel

7 Extent of high nature and cultural value agroforestry according to literature Practice Country Extent (ha) Source Reindeer husbandry Finland, Sweden, Norway 41,400,000 Jernsletten and Klokov 2002 Reindeer round-up before movement to winter grazing area in an area close to Åkroken, county of Jämtland, Sweden by Daana Fjällberg.

8 Extent of high nature and cultural value agroforestry according to literature Practice Country Extent (ha) Source Hedgerows & scattered trees France 342,500 Bélouard and Coulon 2002 Hedgerows England, Scotland and Wales 117,174 Forest Commission 2001a, 2001b, 2001c Hedgerows Wallonia, Belgium 12,400 Etat de l'environnement en Wallonie, 2010 Sub-total 472,074

9 Extent of recent agroforestry as recorded in the literature Practice Country Extent (ha) Source Shelterbelts Hungary 16,415 Takács and Frank 2008 Alley cropping with poplar France 6,300 Segouin and Valadon (1997) quoted by Eichhorn et al 2006; Liagre Trees in rows with livestock Netherlands 3,000 Oosterbaan & Kuiters 2008 Sub-total 25,715 Very few details of the extent of recently-planted agroforestry in the literature Alley cropping system of poplar (Populus spp.), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) and winter wheat, northeastern Germany. Photo by Dirk Freese.

10 Extent of agroforestry reported in literature relative to the utilised agricultural area Country Estimated area covered by agroforestry (ha) Utilised agricultural area (ha) Estimated agroforestry area as a proportion of UAA (%) Austria 48,564 2,863, % Belgium 12,400 1,358, % Croatia 64,456 1,300, % Czech Republic 9,277 3,525, % Denmark 3,242 2,664, % Finland 1 7,320 2,285, % France 510,130 29,000, % Germany 480,500 16,667, % Greece 2,096,688 4,150, % Hungary 22,815 5,338, % Italy 967,038 13,133, % Netherlands 3,000 1,841, % Poland 200,000 14,529, % Portugal 1,842,320 3,597, % Romania 180,105 13,733, % Slovakia 92 1,927, % Slovenia , % Spain 3,839,949 23,463, % Sweden 100,000 3,031, % Switzerland 97,312 1,051, % UK 157,524 17,172, % Total 10,642, ,473, % At least 6.5% of the utilised agricultural area of Europe has been reported as agroforestry The value for the UK is about 0.9%

11 Is grazed heathland agroforestry? Dwarf shrub heathland covers about 1,487,000 ha in Great Britain (Howard et al. 2003). Much of the area is grazed. If agroforestry is the integration of trees and shrubs with crops and/or livestock is this agroforestry?

12 Next steps LUCAS To use the LUCAS (2012) land cover and land use maps to determine the area of agroforestry across Europe and to compare with the literature values xml

13 References AGFORWARD (2015). AGFORWARD website. Anuário Vegetal (2006). Crop Production Yearbook. Ministério da Agricultura, do desenvolvimento Rural e das Pescas. Available online: Bélouard, T. and Coulon F. (2002). Trees outside forests: France. In: Trees outside forests. Towards a Better Awareness FAO Conservation Guide 35. ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/005/y2328e/y2328e03.pdf Bölöni, J., Molnár, Z., Biró, M., and Horváth, F. (2008). Distribution of the (semi-) natural habitats in Hungary II. Woodlands and shrublands. Acta Botanica Hungarica 50: Castro, M. (2009). Silvopastoral systems in Portugal: Current status and future prospects. In: Rigueiro-Rodríguez, A., McAdam, J. and Mosquera-Losado, M. (eds.) Agroforestry in Europe (pp ). Springer Netherlands. Cullotta S., La Mantia T. and Barbera G. (1999). Descrizione e ruolo dei sistemi agroforestali in Sicilia. In: Secondo Congresso Nazionale di Selvicoltura, Venezia, Italy, June 1999, Consulta Nazionale per le Foreste ed il Legno. Ministero delle Politiche Agricole e Forestali, Accademia Italianadi Scienze Forestali, EdAs, Italy, pp Conedera, M., Manetti, M.C., Giudici, F. and Amorini, E. (2004). Distribution and economic potential of the Sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) in Europe. Ecologia Mediterranea 30(2): den Herder, M., Burgess, P.J, Mosquera-Losada, M.R., Herzog, F., Hartel, T., Upson, M., Viholainen, I. and Rosati, A. (2015). Preliminary stratification and quantification of agroforestry in Europe. Milestone Report 1.1 for EU FP7 Research Project: AGFORWARD pp Ducros D., Képhaliacos C. and Ridier A. (2005) Systèmes de production diversifiés. Les prés-vergers : une alternative à l arboriculture intensive face à l évolution de la PAC. Toulouse: ENFA Toulouse, Laboratoire Dynamiques rurales (UMR UTM-ENFA- INP ENSAT). Eichhorn, M.P., Paris, P., Herzog, F., Incoll, L.D., Liagre, F., Mantzanas, K., Mayus, M., Moreno, G., Papanastasis, V.P., Pilbeam, D.J., Pisanelli, A. and Dupraz, C. (2006). Silvoarable systems in Europe - Past, present and future prospects. Agroforestry Systems 67(1): Etat de l'environnement en Wallonie (2010). Rapport sur l Etat de l'environnement en Wallonie. Direction générale opérationnelle de l Agriculture, des Ressources naturelles et de l Environnement (DGARNE). Available online: Forestry Commission (2001a). National Inventory of Woodland and Trees - England. Edinburgh: Forestry Commission.

14 References Forestry Commission (2001b). National Inventory of Woodland and Trees - Scotland. Edinburgh: Forestry Commission. Forestry Commission (2001c). National Inventory of Woodland and Trees - Wales. Edinburgh: Forestry Commission. Glaser, F.F. and Hauke, U. (2004). Historisch alte Waldstandorte und Hudewälder in Deutschland. Schriftenreihe Angewandte Landschaftsökkologie H. 61 (eds.: Bundesamt für Naturschutz), Landwirtschaftsverlag, Münster, Germany. Greif, F. (1992). Waldweide in Österreich aus agrar-, forst- und volkswirtschaftlicher Sicht. Monatsber. Österr. Landwirtsch. 7: Herzog, F. (1998). Streuobst: a traditional agroforestry system as a model for agroforestry development in temperate Europe. Agroforestry Systems 42: Howard, D.C., Watkins. J.W., Clarke, R.T., Barnett, C.L. and Stark, G.J. (2003). Estimating the extent and change in Broad Habitats in Great Britain. Journal of Environmental Management 67: INE (2002). Censo Agrario de Espanã Instituto Nacional de Estadı stica, Madrid, 444 pp. Inventário Florestal Nacional (2013a). Inventário Florestal Nacional -National Forest Inventory. Instituto da Conservação da Natureza e das Florestas. Lisboa. Available online: Inventário Florestal Nacional (2013b). IFN6 Áreas dos usos do solo e das espécies florestais de Portugal continental. Resultados preliminares [Land use and forest species cover in continental Portugal]. 34 pp, Instituto da Conservação da Natureza e das Florestas. Lisboa. Available online: Jernsletten, J.L. and Klokov, K. (2002). Sustainable reindeer husbandry. Arctic Council Liagre, F. (2002). 2. Country Reports: France. In: Extant Silvoarable Practices in Europe Report (Ed. P. Paris). Accessed 22 April Luick, R. (2009). Wood pastures in Germany. In: Rigueiro-Rodríguez, A., McAdam, J., Mosquera-Losado, M. (eds) Agroforestry in Europe: current status and future prospects. Springer Science + Business Media B.V., Dordrecht, p Land Use and Land Cover Aerial Frame Survey (LUCAS) (2012). Land cover / Land use statistics from Eurostat Available online at:

15 References Maddock, A. (Ed) (2008). Wood-Pasture and Parkland. In UK Biodiversity Action Plan; Priority Habitat Descriptions. Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente (2008). Diagnóstico de las Dehesas Ibéricas Mediterráneas. Tomo I. Pantera A. and Papanastasis V.P. (2003). Valonia oak (Quercus ithaburensis Decaisne subsp. Macrolepis (Kotschy) Hedge & Yalt.) in Greece. Geotechnical Scientific Subjects, 14(1), Oosterbaan, A. and Kuiters, A.T. (2009). Agroforestry in the Netherlands. In: Rigueiro-Rodríguez, A., McAdam, J., Mosquera-Losado, M. (eds) In: Agroforestry in Europe: Current Status and Future Prospects. Springer Science + Business Media B.V., Dordrecht, p Papanastasis, V. P., Mantzanas, K., Dini-Papanastasi, O., and Ispikoudis, I. (2009). Traditional agroforestry systems and their evolution in Greece. In: Rigueiro-Rodríguez, A., McAdam, J., Mosquera-Losado, M. (eds.) Agroforestry in Europe (pp ). Springer Netherlands. Paracchini, M.L., Terres, J.M., Petersen, J.E. and Hoogeveen, Y. (2006). Background document on the methodology for mapping high nature value farmland in EU27. European Environment Agency, Copenhagen, 32 pp. Pardini, A. (2009). Agroforestry systems in Italy: Traditions towards modern Management. In: Rigueiro-Rodríguez, A., McAdam, J., Mosquera-Losado, M. (eds.) Agroforestry in Europe: Springer Science + Business Media B.V., Dordrecht, p Robertson, H. J., Wedge, C. and Cordrey, L. (2010). Traditional orchards working UK habitat action plan URL: [Accessed January 2015]. Segouin, O. and Valadon, A. (1997). Enquête sue les boisements récents de peupliers en Lot-et-Garonne. Analyse de pratiques agroforestières; les cultures intercalaires. CEMAGREF, Nogent-sur-Vernisson, France, 45 pp. Statistics Denmark (2013). Official Statistics of Denmark. Available online: Statistics Sweden (2013). Yearbook of agricultural statistics 2013 including food statistics, Official Statistics of Sweden. Available online: Takács, V. and Frank, N. (2008). The traditions, resources and potential of forest growing and multipurpose shelterbelts in Hungary. In Rigueiro-Rodríguez, A., McAdam, J., Mosquera-Losada, M.R. (eds.) Agroforestry in Europe, vol 6. Springer, Dordrecht, Netherlands. Vainio, M., Kekäläinen, H., Alanen, A. and Pykälä, J. (2001). Suomen perinnebiotoopit - Perinnemaisemaprojektin valtakunnallinen loppuraportti [In Finnish: Finland s key-biotopes Final Report of the National Key-Biotope Project]. Suomen ympäristö 527, 166 pp.

16 European Union s Seventh Framework Program for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no