BIO105 [Summer 2015] EXAM #4 [FINAL] L.BRICKER

Transcription

1 VEGETATION OF WESTERN NORTH AMERICA 1. The broad transition region between biomes is a/an: A) sere B) ecotone C) climax community D) habitat E) none of the above 2. The Krummholz is: A) an ecotone where forest meets tundra B) another name for alpine meadow C) zone that occurs between alpine wetlands and meadows D) another name for Fellfields E) located at the highest summits in the rocky outcrops 3. Plants of the alpine tundra will have 5 to 11 times more above ground biomass than root biomass. 4. Which biome (life zone) will consist of genetically dwarf plants? A) taiga B) grassland C) tundra D) desert E) deciduous forest 5. Most species of alpine tundra plants are: A) woody perennials B) herbaceous perennials C) woody annuals D) herbaceous annuals E) Ponderosa Pine 6. C. Hart Merriam formulated his Life Zone Concept of plant and animal community distribution based on: A) temperature B) precipitation C) ph D) elevation only 7. are large, easily recognized communities of plants and animals. A) ecotones B) life zones C) biomes D) habitats Page 1 OF 7

2 8. Those "field of rock" areas on exposed slopes where winds keep them free of snow in the winter. A) Krummholz B) Fellfields C) alpine meadow D) ecotones E) rocky outcrops 9. Which one of the following is NOT an animal adaptation to living in the arctic alpine life zone? A) migration B) hibernation C) gathering and storing food for winter D) concealing coloration 10. Which one of the following major plant communities is NOT a part of the arctic alpine (tundra) life zone? A) Krummholz B) alpine meadows C) Fellfields D) summits and rocky outcrops E) Hudsonian 11. Which of the following life zones will most likely contain Gambel's Oak trees? A) Arctic Tundra B) Hudsonian C) Canadian D) Transition 12. This Arizona life zone ranges from feet with Douglas Fir being one of the dominant plants. A) Arctic Tundra B) Canadian C) Transition D) Fellfields SNAG ECOLOGY 13. A "snag" is best defined as: A) a fallen log in the forest B) a tree older than 200 years and greater than 40 inches in diameter C) a nurse log D) a standing dead tree 14. Often deformed trees are killed for snags, since they have no lumber value. 15. Foresters have observed that epidemics of tree killing insects more often in logged areas where "snags" were cut down. Page 2 OF 7

3 OLD GROWTH FOREST 16. Trees older than 200 years and greater than 40 inches in diameter would best described as: A) snags B) nurse logs C) old growth forest D) Canadian Life Zone E) good for clear cutting 17. Among the roles played by dead and decaying logs are: A) homes for animals, bacteria, fungi, and insects B) acting like sponges, storing water for organisms to use C) acting as nurse logs D) a and c E) a, b, & c are correct 18. The major disadvantage of intensive forest management practices is the elimination of. A) competition B) diversity C) mycorrhizae D) nurse logs 19. One of the species of trees that is a major component of Old Growth Forest is: A) blue spruce B) Douglass Fir C) Ponderosa Pine D) Quaking Aspen E) White Birch 20. Dead and decaying logs are nutrient sinks gradually releasing essential elements back into the environment over an 800 year period. 21. Cable logging poses no threat to old growth forests in Arizona because the logging companies don't have to cut as many roads. WETLANDS 22. All of the following are functions of wetlands, EXCEPT: A) resources that nurture wildlife B) purify polluted waters C) check destructive powers of flooding D) reduce air pollution E) provide sites for recreational activities Page 3 OF 7

4 23. The world's leader in the production and use of peat as fuel is: A) USA B) Ireland C) Russia D) Norway E) Canada 24. A contains woody vegetation rooted in mineral soils. A) bog B) swamp C) marsh D) fen 25. One characteristic of is that it can absorb and hold 25 times its weight in water. A) cranberry plant B) sundew C) Venus fly trap D) bog orchids E) sphagnum moss INTERACTIONS IN COMMUNITIES 26. A type of symbiosis in which one organism benefits while the other is neither helped or harmed. A) mutualism B) parasitism C) commensalism D) communism 27. A group of populations in a given area is called a/an: A) community B) niche C) habitat D) ecosystem 28. The rank and file hierarchy set up by social organisms such as packs and flocks is known as: A) territoriality B) intraspecific competition C) cannibalism D) peck order E) mutualism 29. A toad vocalizes in order to: A) attract food B) establish a territory C) recognize a member of same species D) b and c Page 4 OF 7

5 30. An organisms niche is defined by it's: A) habitat only B) function in ecosystem C) behavior D) role in population 31. Organisms can identify their territories with: A) urine and feces B) scent C) vocal sounds D) visual marks E) all of these 32. C.F. Gause's principle of states that if two species are in competition, one or the other will be more efficient at utilizing the resource, eventually eliminating the other. A) predation B) ecological niche C) carrying capacity D) competitive exclusion 33. A group of individuals of the same species that exists in the same area is a good definition of a/an: A) community B) ecotone C) population D) ecosystem E) territory 34. Interspecific relationships occur: A) between members of the different species B) only within a species C) only in a food web D) only when severe competition takes place 35. The bright colorful markings of a wasp serve as: A) a warning device to its potential predators B) camouflage C) a mechanism to absorb harmful ultra-violet rays D) mechanism to reduce oxygen requirements 36. When a dog urinates on your car's tires immediately after you have washed them, he is: A) simply relieving himself as we all must do upon occasion B) writing his initials if we would only look closer C) trying to irritate you D) marking another landmark in his territory Page 5 OF 7

6 37. Which of the following would NOT be an example of an intraspecific relationship? A) mating B) territoriality C) peck order D) predation E) cannibalism 38. An example of predation is: A) an animal killing and eating another animal B) an animal eating a plant C) a plant killing and digesting an animal D) a fungus killing and digesting an animal E) all of these INTERACTIONS IN ECOSYSTEMS 39. An organism that consumes only plants is a/an: A) carnivore B) omnivore C) herbivore D) detritavore 40. All of the following cycle in an ecosystem except: A) phosphorus B) nitrogen C) energy D) water 41. The first trophic level of a food chain is composed of: A) herbivores B) carnivores C) decomposers D) producers 42. On the average, about % of the potential energy produced by the producers in an ecosystem ends up the biomass of an herbivore. A) 1 B) 10 C) 25 D) 50 E) A unit of nature comprised of living and non-living factors through which energy flows and minerals cycle is: A) habitat B) ecosystem C) territory D) population E) community Page 6 OF 7

7 44. The non-living factors present in an ecosystem are technically called: A) biotic B) abiotic C) autotrophic D) heterotrophic E) food chain 45. A secondary consumer: A) is a carnivore B) manufactures its own food C) eats herbivore D) both a and c E) none of the above QUESTIONS NITROGEN CYCLE COMPONENTS 46. A) ammonification 47. A) ammonification 48. A) ammonification #50 #49 #48 #46 # A) ammonification 50. A) ammonification Page 7 OF 7