Coastal Wetlands from the Blue Carbon Perspective: an Integration of Restoration with Potential Eco-tourisms. Iwan Tri Cahyo Wibisono
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1 Coastal Wetlands from the Blue Carbon Perspective: an Integration of Restoration with Potential Eco-tourisms Iwan Tri Cahyo Wibisono
2 BLUE CARBON * Blue carbon is the carbon stored, sequestered and released from coastal ecosystems including tidal marshes, mangroves and seagrass meadows. Blue carbon activities refer to a sustainable coastal ecosystems management activities which result in avoided emissions from conversion and degradation, conservation, coastal management and restoration of coastal ecosystems (enhancement of carbon stocks through restoration and/or afforestation/reforestation) *IUCN & CI: International Blue Carbon Policy Working Group held from July 2011 at CI s headquarters in Arlington, VA
3 COASTAL WETLANDS IN INDONESIA Components: Estuaries, Coral reefs, Seagrass beds, Ponds, fresh/ brackish water and peat swamps, beach forests, Mangroves, Lagoons, Bays Removal of upland forests threatened downstream livelihood & fishery Upland The Coastal Wetlands - stored & sequestered C but it also sources of C Coastal wetlands have attractive value for ecotourism Inter-tidal wetlands: 40 mill ha River Lowland Peatland, freshwater swamps Shrimp ponds Rice fields Mangrove Near Shore Sea grass Off Shore lagoon Coral Reefs mudflat Estuary Salt pans
4 Mangrove and Blue Carbon potential Mangroves are among the most carbon- rich forests 1,023 ton Carbon/ha *) Situated on large alluvial delta Situated in marine edge environment C measurement Method available >>VCS>>ARR *) Donato et al_2011. Nature GeoSience 3 April 2011 CO2 Potential sequestration High rate of deforestation and degradation>>>>potential for avoided emission Promising scheme: for Blue carbon initiative REDD+, ARR, ARR+sylfofishery Remaining mangrove forest Abandoned ponds Active ponds
5 CO2 sequestered per ha by mangrove trees* Tree age (yr) Density (No/ha) DBH (cm) Vol (m3/ha) kg Dw/tree Kg dw/ha Kg C/ha Ton CO2/ha Ton CO2/ha/yr 5* ,775 11, * ,502 99, ,891 61, * , , ,814 95, , , , , , , , , , , * calculated using a formula given by Ong et al 2004 (except for the three data with asterisks). Rhizophora apiculata (J. E. Ong,, W. K. Gong and C. H. Wong, 2004) Avicennia alba (Chukwamdeel and Anunsiriwat - 97) Component Allometric equation Stem Branch Leaves
6 Scheme for Blue Carbon and expected contribution Remaining mangrove Active ponds Abandoned ponds Threaten by 3,062,300 Deforestation ha (FAO,2007) and degradation Potential : CO2 Gain from Avoided Avoided emission emission (Ton from CO2) DD Scheme: REDD+ VCS-REDD, CCBA 3,224,018 ha (Bakosurtanal,2009) Space for planting avaliable Potential to enhance carbon CO2 Gain from Carbon offset offset (Ton CO2e) project>>arr (Limited) through Silfovishery VCS ha (DKP, 2004) Mitigation Adaptation Adaptation Adaptation CO2 Gain from offset (Ton CO2e) 26% /41% EMISSION REDUCTION PROGRAM Space for planting Potential to enhance carbon Carbon offset CO2 Gain from offset project>>arr (Ton CO2e) (Intensive) VCS ARMangrove, CDM
7 Carbon Offset Project Banten Bay, West of Java ( ) Pulau Dua Nature Reserve The last mangrove in Banten, ecotourism destination Habitat of Migratory birds Threaten by coastal development (docking industry, water front city) Project as Buffer zone, to protect PDNR WIIP Accio Natura Spain Voluntary Target: 10,000 ton CO2 eq ARR >>> planting mangrove in abandoned ponds 8 mangrove species Carbon pools: AGB, BGB, Soil C Supporting tourism activities
8 M a n g r o v e c o n d i t i on Taken in July 2010 taken in October 2011
9 Carbon sequestered within 1 year in 5.5 ha of BB COP lands (Dec 2009-Dec 2010) Location No. Survive ww (gr/ind) Total WW (kg) Total dw (kg) Total C (kg) CO2e (kg) Sp. planted BB COP sp BB COP 2 21, ,534 1, , sp BB COP3 8, ,109 1, , sp BB COP 4 4, sp BB COP 5 12, , , sp Total carbon (kg) 1, , Each individual growth differently (different in No. of leaves, in height, in WW) Growth = R stylosa > R mucronata > R apiculata (192 > 168 > 73 gr/ind) Carbon stored in BB COP 2 is higher due to earlier planted in 2008 Amount of CO2 sequestered = 6,4 ton CO2 >>>>5.5.ha
10 Land status (secured for long terms commitment) is crucial for project Community involvement is very important to safeguard project Improvement of Biodiversity values Low carbon prices should be anticipated by diversifying activities (incl. ecotourism ) Planting improvement(not only on dikes, more trials)
11 Thank you
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