COMPETITIVITATEA TRANSPORTULUI FEROVIAR DE MĂRFURI, ÎN EUROPA ŞI ÎN ROMÂNIA
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1 COMPETITIVITATEA TRANSPORTULUI FEROVIAR DE MĂRFURI, ÎN EUROPA ŞI ÎN ROMÂNIA Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum Arad, 5-6 aprilie 2017, Daniel Ciobanu
2 COMPETITIVITATEA TRANSPORTULUI FEROVIAR DE MĂRFURI ÎN EUROPA Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad 5-6 aprilie 2017
3 VOLUMUL TRAFICULUI Sursa datelor: Eurostat Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad 5-6 aprilie
4 COTE DE PIAŢA Sursa datelor: Eurostat Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad 5-6 aprilie
5 MĂRFURI TRANSPORTATE Products of agricultur e, hunting, and forestry; fish and other fishing products Metal ores and Coal and other lignite; mining crude and petroleu m and natural gas quarryin g product s; peat; uranium and thorium Food product s, beverag es and tobacco Textiles and textile products; leather and leather products Wood and products of wood and cork (except furniture); articles of straw and plaiting materials; pulp, paper and paper products; printed matter and recorded media Coke and refined petroleu m product s Chemicals, chemical products, and manmade fibers; rubber and plastic products ; nuclear fuel Other non metallic mineral product s Basic metals; fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment Machinery and equipment n.e.c.; office machinery and computers; electrical machinery and apparatus n.e.c.; radio, Transport television equipment and communicati on equipment and apparatus; medical, precision and optical instruments; watches and clocks Furniture; other manufact ured goods n.e.c. Secondary raw materials; municipal wastes and other wastes Mail, parcels Equipme nt and material utilized in the transport of goods Goods moved in the course of household and office removals; baggage and articles accompanying Grouped goods: a mixture of types of goods which travellers; are motor vehicles transported being moved together for repair; other non market goods n.e.c. Unidentifiable goods: goods which for any reason cannot be identified and therefore cannot be assigned to groups % 23.2% 21.9% 2.3% 0.1% 1.9% 9.3% 16.4% 6.2% 6.3% 0.5% 1.4% 0.0% 5.5% 0.0% 0.3% 0.0% 2.6% 0.9% 0.2% Czech Republic 4.5% 32.4% 12.3% 0.4% 0.0% 1.0% 7.9% 4.2% 1.6% 6.1% 0.0% 2.7% 0.0% 3.0% 0.0% 0.4% 0.0% 14.3% 9.3% 0.4% Denmark 1.0% 0.0% 0.6% 0.6% 0.0% 27.3% 0.0% 3.5% 3.0% 18.3% 0.8% 1.5% 0.0% 3.2% 0.0% 3.5% 0.0% 4.1% 32.8% 16.1% Germany 1.1% 11.0% 13.7% 0.5% 0.0% 2.5% 11.6% 8.1% 3.5% 16.2% 0.3% 3.9% 0.0% 3.8% 0.0% 1.2% 0.0% 1.3% 21.2% 0.5% Estonia 0.4% 47.4% 2.9% 0.4% 0.0% 0.1% 29.1% 17.0% 1.6% 0.5% 0.2% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% Ireland 11.7% 0.0% 55.4% 33.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Greece 5.4% 2.3% 0.0% 4.1% 0.0% 9.1% 6.6% 1.6% 7.3% 18.6% 1.1% 0.0% 0.9% 0.0% 0.0% 41.3% 0.0% 0.0% 1.7% 0.0% Spain 7.5% 21.6% 3.3% 0.6% 0.0% 4.6% 1.8% 5.0% 3.7% 12.5% 0.0% 7.2% 0.0% 0.3% 0.0% 0.9% 0.0% 3.1% 28.0% 0.0% France 11.3% 1.9% 12.0% 4.6% 0.0% 1.0% 7.2% 8.1% 7.4% 14.8% 0.1% 6.5% 0.2% 1.5% 0.0% 0.7% 0.0% 6.7% 16.1% 0.8% Croatia 9.5% 16.0% 23.1% 4.4% 0.0% 1.1% 12.8% 13.2% 1.6% 8.5% 0.2% 0.5% 0.0% 3.7% 0.0% 0.5% 0.0% 0.0% 4.8% 0.0% Italy 3.2% 0.6% 4.3% 2.8% 0.6% 2.3% 2.7% 3.6% 1.7% 14.5% 0.1% 1.6% 0.0% 1.9% 0.0% 2.1% 0.0% 5.8% 52.2% 0.8% Latvia 4.4% 34.3% 2.0% 3.1% 0.1% 2.8% 39.1% 10.6% 0.1% 2.3% 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.8% 0.0% Lithuania 7.3% 5.7% 9.2% 4.6% 0.0% 1.8% 29.0% 31.4% 2.6% 6.9% 0.1% 0.5% 0.0% 0.5% 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Hungary 11.9% 17.2% 19.1% 1.1% 0.1% 3.0% 9.9% 9.4% 2.1% 8.8% 1.4% 2.1% 0.1% 2.1% 0.0% 0.2% 0.0% 0.5% 11.0% 19.8% Netherlands 0.8% 21.7% 15.1% 0.7% 0.0% 2.2% 1.6% 8.0% 1.3% 6.9% 0.0% 2.5% 0.0% 0.9% 0.0% 1.5% 0.1% 0.4% 36.5% 0.0% Austria 7.4% 3.5% 12.7% 1.2% 0.0% 5.3% 6.6% 4.5% 1.7% 8.3% 0.2% 5.9% 0.0% 6.2% 0.0% 0.9% 0.0% 0.0% 35.6% 0.0% Poland 2.0% 43.2% 26.4% 0.9% 0.0% 0.9% 11.4% 4.0% 1.3% 3.5% 0.1% 0.4% 0.0% 1.7% 0.0% 0.4% 0.0% 0.1% 3.5% 1.3% Portugal 9.8% 0.0% 9.7% 0.5% 0.0% 3.2% 15.1% 2.0% 17.0% 10.9% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 2.9% 0.0% 2.2% 0.0% 0.0% 26.6% 0.0% 6.6% 36.1% 4.5% 1.1% 0.0% 3.9% 30.7% 4.7% 3.4% 4.2% 0.1% 0.3% 0.0% 1.2% 0.0% 0.4% 0.0% 0.3% 2.4% 0.8% Slovenia 9.5% 8.9% 20.0% 1.1% 0.0% 3.6% 10.8% 1.9% 1.3% 7.6% 0.3% 1.9% 0.0% 4.6% 0.0% 0.7% 0.0% 0.1% 27.8% 2.6% Slovakia 9.3% 9.4% 39.9% 0.5% 0.0% 0.8% 8.2% 8.2% 1.6% 11.0% 0.0% 2.4% 0.0% 4.3% 0.0% 0.5% 0.0% 0.0% 3.8% 19.9% Finland 33.3% 1.5% 16.4% 0.1% 0.0% 23.5% 4.4% 14.1% 0.3% 5.9% 0.1% 0.2% 0.0% 0.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Sweden 13.6% 0.3% 42.8% 1.3% 0.0% 9.4% 2.2% 2.0% 0.5% 7.3% 0.1% 1.4% 0.1% 2.4% 0.4% 1.5% 0.0% 0.4% 14.2% 0.0% United Kingdom 4.3% 25.8% 7.6% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 4.3% 3.7% 21.2% 8.6% 0.0% 0.6% 0.0% 2.9% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 16.1% 4.5% 0.0% Sursa datelor: Eurostat Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad 5-6 aprilie Other goods n.e.c.
6 MĂRFURI TRANSPORTATE Mii tone United Kingdom Sweden Finland Slovakia Slovenia Portugal Poland Austria Netherlands Hungary Lithuania Latvia Italy Croatia France Spain Greece Ireland Estonia Germany Denmark Czech Republic United Kingdom Sweden Finland Slovakia Slovenia Portugal Poland Austria Netherlands Hungary Lithuania Latvia Italy Croatia France Spain Greece Ireland Estonia Germany Denmark Czech Republic United Kingdom Sweden Finland Slovakia Slovenia Portugal Poland Austria Netherlands Hungary Lithuania Latvia Italy Croatia France Spain Greece Ireland Estonia Germany Denmark Czech Republic United Kingdom Sweden Finland Slovakia Slovenia Portugal Poland Austria Netherlands Hungary Lithuania Latvia Italy Croatia France Spain Greece Ireland Estonia Germany Denmark Czech Republic 0 100,000200,000300, , , ,000 1,000, ,000 Products of agriculture, hunting, and forestry; fish and other fishing products Coal and lignite; crude petroleum and natural gas Metal ores and other mining and quarrying products; peat; uranium and thorium Food products, beverages and tobacco Sursa datelor: Eurostat Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad 5-6 aprilie
7 MĂRFURI TRANSPORTATE Mii tone United Kingdom Sweden Finland Slovakia Slovenia Portugal Poland Austria Netherlands Hungary Lithuania Latvia Italy Croatia France Spain Greece Ireland Estonia Germany Denmark Czech Republic 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 Textiles and textile products; leather and leather products Sursele datelor: Eurostat United Kingdom Sweden Finland Slovakia Slovenia Portugal Poland Austria Netherlands Hungary Lithuania Latvia Italy Croatia France Spain Greece Ireland Estonia Germany Denmark Czech Republic 0 50, ,000 Wood and products of wood and cork (except furniture); articles of straw and plaiting materials; pulp, paper and paper products; printed matter and recorded United Kingdom Sweden Finland Slovakia Slovenia Portugal Poland Austria Netherlands Hungary Lithuania Latvia Italy Croatia France Spain Greece Ireland Estonia Germany Denmark Czech Republic 0 40,000 80,000 Coke and refined petroleum products United Kingdom Sweden Finland Slovakia Slovenia Portugal Poland Austria Netherlands Hungary Lithuania Latvia Italy Croatia France Spain Greece Ireland Estonia Germany Denmark Czech Republic 0 100,000 Chemicals, chemical products, and man-made fibers; rubber and plastic products ; nuclear fuel Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad 5-6 aprilie
8 MĂRFURI TRANSPORTATE Mii tone United Kingdom Sweden Finland Slovakia Slovenia Portugal Poland Austria Netherlands Hungary Lithuania Latvia Italy Croatia France Spain Greece Ireland Estonia Germany Denmark Czech Republic United Sweden Finland Slovakia Slovenia Portugal Poland Austria Netherla Hungary Lithuania Latvia Italy Croatia France Spain Greece Ireland Estonia Germany Denmark Czech United Kingdom Sweden Finland Slovakia Slovenia Portugal Poland Austria Netherlands Hungary Lithuania Latvia Italy Croatia France Spain Greece Ireland Estonia Germany Denmark Czech Republic United Kingdom Sweden Finland Slovakia Slovenia Portugal Poland Austria Netherlands Hungary Lithuania Latvia Italy Croatia France Spain Greece Ireland Estonia Germany Denmark Czech Republic 0 200, , , , ,000 80,000 Other non metallic mineral products Basic metals; fabricated metal Machinery and equipment n.e.c.; office products, except machinery and machinery and computers; electrical machinery equipment and apparatus n.e.c.; radio, television and communication equipment Transport equipment Sursa datelor: Eurostat Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad 5-6 aprilie
9 MĂRFURI TRANSPORTATE Mii tone United Sweden Finland Slovakia Slovenia Portugal Poland Austria Netherl Hungary Lithuania Latvia Italy Croatia France Spain Greece Ireland Estonia Germany Denmark Czech United Kingdom Sweden Finland Slovakia Slovenia Portugal Poland Austria Netherlands Hungary Lithuania Latvia Italy Croatia France Spain Greece Ireland Estonia Germany Denmark Czech Republic United Kingdom Sweden Finland Slovakia Slovenia Portugal Poland Austria Netherlands Hungary Lithuania Latvia Italy Croatia France Spain Greece Ireland Estonia Germany Denmark Czech Republic United Kingdom Sweden Finland Slovakia Slovenia Portugal Poland Austria Netherlands Hungary Lithuania Latvia Italy Croatia France Spain Greece Ireland Estonia Germany Denmark Czech Republic 0 10,000 20,000-50,000 50, , , ,000 40,000 60, ,000 Furniture; other manufactured goods n.e.c. Sursa datelor: Eurostat Secondary raw materials; municipal wastes and other wastes Mail, parcels Equipment and material utilized in the transport of goods Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad 5-6 aprilie
10 MĂRFURI TRANSPORTATE Mii tone United Kingdom Sweden Finland Slovakia Slovenia Portugal Poland Austria Netherlands Hungary Lithuania Latvia Italy Croatia France Spain Greece Ireland Estonia Germany Denmark Czech Republic 0 40,000 80,000 United Kingdom Sweden Finland Slovakia Slovenia Portugal Poland Austria Netherlands Hungary Lithuania Latvia Italy Croatia France Spain Greece Ireland Estonia Germany Denmark Czech Republic 0 50,000100,000150,000 United Sweden Finland Slovakia Slovenia Portugal Poland Austria Netherlands Hungary Lithuania Latvia Italy Croatia France Spain Greece Ireland Estonia Germany Denmark Czech 0 50, ,000 United Sweden Finland Slovakia Slovenia Portugal Poland Austria Netherlands Hungary Lithuania Latvia Italy Croatia France Spain Greece Ireland Estonia Germany Denmark Czech Republic 0 50, ,000 Goods moved in the course of household and office removals; baggage and articles accompanying travellers; motor vehicles being moved for repair; other non Grouped goods: a mixture of types of goods which are transported together Unidentifiable goods: goods which for any reason cannot be identified and therefore cannot be assigned to groups Other goods n.e.c. Sursa datelor: Eurostat Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad 5-6 aprilie
11 TRANSPORTUL COMBINAT 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Ponderea traficului combinat in totalul transportului feroviar (procent din tone transportate) Trafic conventional Transport combinat 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Ponderea traficului combinat in totalul transportului feroviar (procent din tone x km) Trafic conventional Transport combinat Sursa datelor: Eurostat Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad 5-6 aprilie
12 TRANSPORTUL COMBINAT CONTAINERE SI CUTII MOBILE (TEU) Belgium 960,448 1,035, , , , ,293: : : : : 75, , ,818 57,327 51,679 53,272 63,725 35,419 31,608 Czech Republic 692, ,096 1,020, ,341 1,079,644 1,145,996 1,195,951 1,289,714 1,349,928 1,485,683 Denmark 252, , , , , , , , , ,635 Germany 4,833,220 5,603,297 6,023,299 5,078,291 5,614,553 5,921,037 6,228,484 6,456,060 6,272,430 5,979,035 Estonia 16,170 16,309: 17,355 22,484 34,538 48,863 62,014 72,019 42,995 Ireland 7,404 3,312 4,896 4,340 13,472 14,280 13,776 14,784 15,330 14,910 Greece 55, ,038 88, ,499 45, ,081 40, ,588 Spain 578, , , , , , , ,293 1,141,188 1,164,235 France : : : 1,094,046 1,007,059 1,112,848: : : : Croatia 59,226 91,234 96,577 64,786 69,582 44,214 37,743 41,299 40,792 34,115 Italy 2,563,382 2,539,719: 1,884,666: 2,040,988 2,128,603 2,192,242 2,237,547 1,689,060 Latvia 32,622 55,332 52,627 71,340 98, , ,083 97,700 97,017 69,779 Lithuania 58,444 95, ,711 70,247 78, , , ,952 90,745 69,964 Luxembourg 217,148: : : : : : : : : Hungary 431, , , , , , , , , ,093 Netherlands 681, ,534 1,785,808 1,271, , ,808: 1,297,304 1,362,921 1,497,640 Austria 1,215,686 1,336,403 1,398,429 1,130,447 1,456,358 1,488,480 1,380,577 1,399,707 1,521,912 1,575,298 Poland 1,268, , , , , ,564 1,031,252 1,088,618 1,044,870 1,050,557 Portugal 0 185, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,126 Slovenia 152, , , , , , , , , ,905 Slovakia 167, , , , , , , , , ,473 Finland 127, , ,960 89,334 70,204 60,174 43,105 42,211 41,137 33,434 Sweden 575, , , , , , , , , ,540 United Kingdom 1,071,285 1,134,173 1,213,165 1,181,793 1,175,928 1,124,693 1,183,535 1,160,016 1,315,549 1,185,015 Sursa datelor: Eurostat Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad 5-6 aprilie
13 TRANSPORTUL COMBINAT concurenţa cu transportul fluvial 60,000 Transporturi de containere mari [mii tone] 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 Belgium 2011 Czech Republic Germany France Croatia Hungary Netherlan ds Austria Poland Slovakia 15, ,212 64,358 14, ,816 15,304 18,208 9,507 2,053 4,709 Transport fluvial 23, ,724 4, , ,000 30,000 Transporturi de containere mari [milioane tone x km] 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 Belgium 2011 Czech Republic Germany France Croatia Hungary Netherla nds Austria Poland Slovakia 2,126 2, ,187 7, ,364 2,281 3,821 3, Transport fluvial , , Sursa datelor: Eurostat Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad 5-6 aprilie
14 COSTURI TAXE DE UTILIZARE A INFRASTRUCTURII Marfă (1000 tb) Călători (tren IC) Surse: Fourth report on monitoring development of the rail market, Raport al Comisiei Europene pentru Parlamentul European, 2014 Transportul feroviar de marfă nu este încă pe calea cea bună, Curtea de Conturi Europeană, Bruxelles, 2016 Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad 5-6 aprilie
15 CALITATE Viteza comercială Viteza comercială medie cu care circulă trenurile de marfă nu contribuie la îmbunătățirea situației nesatisfăcătoare a performanței transportului feroviar de marfă din punctul de vedere al volumului transportat și al ponderii modale în UE. Cu alte cuvinte, trenurile de marfă circulă lent și viteza acestora nu a crescut semnificativ în ultimul deceniu. Pe anumite rute internaționale, trenurile de marfă circulă cu o viteză medie de doar aproximativ 18 km/h. Printre cauze se numără și cooperarea deficitară dintre administratorii naționali de infrastructură. În statele membre din Europa Centrală și de Est, viteza medie este cuprinsă între 20 și 30 km/h. Situația este net superioară în cazul anumitor coridoare de transport feroviar de marfă (precum coridorul 1: Rin - alpin ), pe care viteza medie este de aproximativ 50 km/h, fiind deci aproape de viteza medie a camioanelor (circa 60 km/h). Sursa: Curtea Europeană de Conturi, Raportul special Transportul feroviar de marfă nu este încă pe calea cea bună, Bruxelles, 2016 Infrastructură Situația este exacerbată de infrastructura învechită, care a fost neglijată timp de mulți ani în favoarea transportului rutier, proiectele de infrastructură feroviară eventual implementate fiind axate pe dezvoltarea liniilor de mare viteză. Sursa: Curtea Europeană de Conturi, Raportul special Transportul feroviar de marfă nu este încă pe calea cea bună, Bruxelles, 2016 Consecinţă Transportul feroviar de marfă (și transportul combinat feroviar-rutier) se află în concurență directă cu transportul rutier de marfă: expeditorii compară cu regularitate cele două modalități atunci când decid modul de transport pe care îl vor utiliza. În mod firesc, aceștia vor alege modalitatea care corespunde cel mai bine nevoilor lor, luând în special în considerare criterii precum fiabilitatea, prețul, serviciile pentru clienți, frecvența și durata. Cu alte cuvinte, expeditorii aleg modalitatea de transport pe baza unor criterii comerciale, și nu pe baza priorităților de politică ale UE. Sursa: Curtea Europeană de Conturi, Raportul special Transportul feroviar de marfă nu este încă pe calea cea bună, Bruxelles, 2016 Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad 5-6 aprilie
16 STRUCTURA 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Czech Republic Pondere tone transportate, 2015 Hungary Austria Poland Slovakia Intern 70.35% 43.25% 28.63% 29.62% 76.55% 78.53% 17.01% Import 10.11% 28.25% 25.64% 26.62% 13.09% 12.16% 33.81% Export 12.46% 19.36% 25.86% 17.57% 9.22% 7.82% 24.80% Tranzit 7.07% 9.13% 19.87% 26.19% 1.14% 1.50% 24.39% Intern Import Export Tranzit 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Czech Republic Pondere tone x km, 2015 Hungary Austria Poland Slovakia Intern 68.90% 36.26% 17.82% 22.59% 71.77% 72.82% 13.60% Import 7.65% 24.13% 25.68% 26.77% 14.18% 13.09% 26.79% Export 11.07% 25.34% 26.74% 19.87% 11.08% 10.39% 19.21% Tranzit 12.39% 14.27% 29.76% 30.76% 2.96% 3.69% 40.40% Intern Import Export Tranzit Sursa datelor: Eurostat Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad 5-6 aprilie
17 SUSŢINEREA TRANSPORTURILOR FEROVIARE Sprijin financiar pentru investiţii: ajutoare pentru construcţia şi dezvoltarea de terminale de transport combinat; ajutoare pentru achiziţia de echipamente utilizate în transportul combinat; ajutoare pentru elaborarea de studii de fezabilitate Subvenţii / ajutoare de stat pentru operare pentru: servicii de transport combinat însoţit sau neînsoţit. traficului de vagoane izolate transport feroviar de mărfuri periculoase Măsuri fiscale: scutire de la plata taxei pentru vehicule rutiere utilizate exclusiv în transportul combinat rambursarea unei părţi din taxa lunară pentru vehicule rutiere, pentru fiecare cursă efectuată în trenuri Ro-La; Tarifarea infrastructurii: taxe de utilizare a infrasttructurii feroviare mai mari pentru trenuri de călători decât pentru trenuri de marfă tarifarea utilizării infrastructurii rutiere la un nivel ridicat şi pe baza normelor privind poluarea mediului de către vehicule tarife speciale pentru utilizarea anumitor autostrăzi, inclusiv pentru circulaţia pe timp de noapte scutire de la plata taxelor de drum pentru transportatori rutieri străini, pe o anumită rază în jurul terminalelor de transport; Restricţii / intedicţii în transportul rutier: Interdicţii pentru transportul anumitor categorii de mărfuri; Interdicţii de circulaţie a vehiculelor grele, în anumite perioade şi / sau anumite zile şi / sau anumite intervale orare Alte forme de susţinere: acordare de autorizaţii de tranzit suplimentare pentru utilizatorii serviciilor Ro-La din ţări care nu sunt membre ale UE; recunoaşterea timpului petrecut în trenul Ro-La ca timp de repaus; Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad 5-6 aprilie
18 CFR MARFA IN CONTEXTUL VOLUMELOR DE TRAFIC EUROPEAN T o n e t r a n s p o r t a t e 250, , , ,000 i n , Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad 5-6 aprilie 2017
19 CONCURENŢA RUTELOR Coridorul II: Mai scurt cu 1100 km Coridorul V: Mai scurt Trenurile Viking + feribot de la Ilicevsk la Varna / Istanbul Mai scurt cu peste 400 km Trenuri + feribot rusesc de la Kavkaz la Varna Transport uri pentru proiectele Belene şi South Stream Preluare trafic din Asia Coridorul X: Mai scurt cu peste 500 km Coridorul IV via Serbia: Mai scurt cu 180 / 540 km Coridorul TRACECA - segmentul bulgar Problema interoperabilităţii rezolvată Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad 5-6 aprilie 2017
20 COMPETITIVITATEA TRANSPORTULUI FEROVIAR DE MĂRFURI ÎN ROMÂNIA Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad 5-6 aprilie 2017
21 CFR MARFA - OPERATOR FEROVIAR NATIONAL Marfuri transportate [tone] ,785, ,541, ,000,000 10,000,000 15,000,000 20,000,000 25,000,000 30,000,000 Activitate principală: transport feroviar de marfă Sediu central: Bucuresti 4 Sucursale şi 4 Centre Zonale 1 Centru de intretinere si reparatii vagoane CFR IRLU - reparatii locomotive si utilaje Casa de expeditie Rofersped SA 8 Depouri de exploatare 11 Remize de locomotive 13 Revizii de vagoane 8 Terminale de containere operationale 1 Terminal ferry-boat Constanta Personal: 6508 angajati Parc de locomotive: 907 Parc de vagoane: ~ Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad 5-6 aprilie 2017
22 INFRASTRUCTURA Parametrul UM Obiectiv Linii modernizate Linii noi Valoarea actuală Gabarit AGTC - B C B Intermodal - P/C 70 P/C 400 P/C 45 P/C 375 Viteza maximă de circulaţie a trenurilor de marfă [km/h] Viteză comercială 17,49 Sarcina maximă pe osie v 100 km/h 22,5 22,5 [t/osie] v 120 km/h ,5 Sarcina admisă pe metru liniar [t/m] 8 8 7,2 Lungimea maximă a trenurilor [m] Tonajul brut al trenurilor de UTI-uri [t] Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad 5-6 aprilie
23 Mii tone Milioane tone x km CONCURENŢA intre MODURI DE TRANSPORT Marfuri transportate, pe moduri de transport Transport pe cai navigabile interioare Transport maritim Transport aerian Conducte petroliere magistrale Parcursul marfurilor, pe moduri de transport Transport pe cai navigabile interioare Conducte petroliere magistrale Sursa datelor: Institutul Naţional de Statistică Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad 5-6 aprilie
24 CONCURENŢA intre MODURI DE TRANSPORT Cota de piață pe moduri de transport feroviar 17,0 15,7 15,2 14,5 12,2 17,4 19,1 17,6 15,8 15,9 16,5 rutier 75,6 77,6 78,8 79,5 71,0 57,4 57,6 59,4 60,2 59,7 59,3 fluvial 4,1 3,6 3,3 3,3 6,0 10,5 9,2 8,8 8,4 8,7 9,0 maritim 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 8,7 12,5 12,2 12,4 13,7 13,7 13,3 aerian 0,001 0,001 0,001 0,001 0,006 0,008 0,008 0,009 0,010 0,010 0,010 conducte 3,3 3,2 2,7 2,7 2,1 2,2 1,9 1,8 1,8 2,0 2,0 TOTAL 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad 5-6 aprilie 2017 Sursa datelor: Institutul Naţional de Statistică
25 CONCURENŢA intre MODURI DE TRANSPORT Distribuţia pieţei de transport de marfă în România CFR Marfa 6,86% Operatori feroviari privati 7.99% 60.99% Transport fluvial 8.86% Transport aerian 0.01% Transport maritim 13.32% Transport prin conducte 1.96% *INS 2016 Transportul rutier a luat amploare începând cu anul1990, odată cu dezvoltarea parcului auto şi a infrastructurii rutiere şi renunțarea la prevederile care favorizau traficul feroviar (interzicerea traficului rutier peste 50 km). Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad 5-6 aprilie 2017
26 MĂRFURI Alte marfuri n.c.a. Marfuri neidentificabile: marfuri care din anumite motive nu 2015 Marfuri grupate: un amestec de tipuri de marfuri Marfuri deplasate pe parcursul mutarilor de domiciliu sau Echipamente si materiale utilizate in transportul de marfuri Posta, colete Transport Fluvial Materiale secundare neprelucrate; deseuri municipale si Mobila; alte marfuri fabricate n.c.a. Echipamente pentru transport Masini si utilaje n.c.a.; echipamente de birou si computere; Metale de baza; produse fabricate din metal, cu exceptia Alte produse minerale nemetalice Transport rutier Transport Feroviar Chimicale, produse chimice si fibre manufacturate; produse Cocs, produse rafinate din petrol Lemn si produse din lemn si pluta (cu exceptia mobilei); Textile si produse textile; piele si produse din piele Produse alimentare, bauturi si tutun Minereuri metalifere si alte produse de minerit si exploatare Carbune si lignit; titei si gaze naturale Produse agricole, din vanatoare si silvicultura; peste si alte Mii tone Sursa datelor: Institutul Naţional de Statistică Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad 5-6 aprilie
27 MĂRFURI Evoluţia pieţei de mărfuri care se transportă pe calea ferată 2016/2015 CREŞTERI Fabricarea produselor obtinute din prelucrarea titeiului 7,3 % Fabricarea altor produse din minerale nemetalice 9,4 % Industria constructiilor metalice si a produselor din metal 1,3 % industria alimentară 3,1 % industria de fabricare a autovehiculelor de transport rutier 8,9 % SCĂDERI Extractia carbunelui 10 % Extractia minereurilor metalifere 0,2 % Industria metalurgica 2,3 % Lucrarile de constructii 1,1 % Prelucrarea lemnului 0,7 % Industria chimica 4,5 % Sursa datelor: Institutul Naţional de Statistică Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad 5-6 aprilie
28 Evolutia transportului feroviar in ( mii tone ) STRUCTURA CFR Marfă OTF Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad 5-6 aprilie 2017
29 STRUCTURA Evoluția mărfurilor transportate în sistem feroviar Marfuri transportate in sistem feroviar Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad 5-6 aprilie 2017
30 COMPETITIVITATE Factori ce influenteaza competitivitatea transportului feroviar de marfa din : Conditii tot mai severe pentru realizarea prestatiilor pe infrastructura feroviara Cerinte de optimizare a timpului de transport in conditiile unei viteze comerciale reduse Presiune tot mai mare pe preturi si termene de plata Alocare periodica de resurse logistice suplimentare Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad 5-6 aprilie 2017
31 poarta catre Europa COMPETITIVITATE Portul Constanta cele mai mari si mai diversificate facilitati la Marea Neagra Acces direct al clientilor in zona Uniunii Europene Avantaje competitive ale transportului feroviar de marfa Posibilitatea utilizarii altor sisteme de transport in extensie fata de transportul feroviar Preturi competititive in contextul unei piete liberalizate a transportului feroviar de marfa Coridoarele Pan Europene IV si IX Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad 5-6 aprilie 2017
32 CONCURENŢA RUTIERĂ Mărfuri transportate pe tipuri de vehicule rutiere Mărfuri transportate de sistemul rutier, pe distanţe 2.1% 6.3% 5.9% 4.4% 1.1% 37.6% 39.6% 9.0% 55.4% 17.9% 20.8% 3,5-7,5 tone 7,6-12,0 tone 12,1-17,0 tone Peste 17,0 tone Sursa datelor: Institutul Naţional de Statistică >50 km km km km km km km Sursa datelor: Institutul Naţional de Statistică Observaţie: Dacă ar prelua în întregime prestaţiile efectuate în autocamioane grele, sistemul feroviar ar putea doar să-şi dubleze performanţele. Transporturile în autocamione grele se derulează cu costuri de: în trafic intern, 0,65 euro/km (circa 2,9 lei/km), conform unui studiu UNTRR în anul 2013; în trafic internaţional, 0,79 euro/km, conform unui studiu prezentat în numărul din august 2013 al revistei Tranzit. Oportunismul este cuvântul de ordine : tarifele de transport au fost şi sunt negociate/schimbate lunar, clienţi importanţi se pierd "de pe o zi pe alta". Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad 5-6 aprilie
33 CONCURENŢA RUTIERĂ putine restricţii de circulaţie Indicativ drum A2 DN 7 DN 39 DN 22C DN 1 DN 1 Traseu Sens de parcurs Bucureşti (int. A2 cu CB) - Bucureşti - Fundulea-Lehliu (int. A2 cu Constanţa DN 3) - Feteşti (int. A2 cu Constanţa DN 3B) - Cernavodă (int. - Bucureşti A2 cu DN 3) - Murfatlar (int. Feteşti - A2 cu DN 3) Cernavodă Piteşti (ieşire din municipiu) - Râmnicu Vâlcea - Vestem (int.dn 7 cu DN 1) Agigea (int. DN 39 cu DN 39A) - Mangalia (intrare municipiu) Murfatlar (int. DN 22C cu DN 3) - Cernavodă (int. DN 22C cu A2) DN1, km (limita oraş Otopeni) - Ploieşti (int. DN 1 cu DN1A) Ploieşti (int. DN 1 cu DN 1B) - Braşov (int. DN 1 cu DN 1 A) ambele sensuri ambele sensuri Murfatlar - Cernavodă ambele sensuri ambele sensuri În ziua anterioară primei zile de sărbătoare legală 16,00-22,00 16,00-22,00 16,00-22,00 Perioada, zilele şi intervalele orare restricţionate Perioada din an, zilele şi intervalele orare În zilele de sărbătoare legală 6,00-22,00 6,00-22,00 6,00-22, ianuarie- 31 decembrie Perioada din an 1 iulie - 31 august 1 iulie - 31 august 1 iulie - 31 august 1 iulie - 31 august Luni - Joi vineri sâmbătă duminică - 12,00-24,00 6,00-14, ,00-24,00 12,00-24, ,00-22,00 6,00-22, ,00-22,00 0,00-24,00 0,00-24,00 6,00-22,00 12,00-24,00 0,00-24,00 Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad 5-6 aprilie
34 TRAFIC COMBINAT TRAFIC DE UTI, [TEU] Germania Sursele datelor: OECD, Eurostat 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Structura traficului, 2015 Germania 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% % în tone transportate, 2014 Germania 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% % în tone x km, 2014 Germania TEU goale TEU incarcate Intermodal Vagoane conventionale Intermodal Vagoane conventionale Sursele datelor: Eurostat Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad 5-6 aprilie
35 TRAFIC COMBINAT Concurenţa pentru serviciile de transport combinat neînsoţit cu componentă feroviare: sistemul rutier: pe relaţii cu portul Constanţa: circa 30% din containerele sosite / expediate din / către Portul Constanţa pe cale terestră sau pe Dunăre; avantajele oferite de autostrada A2: durate de transport şi costuri scăzute, în special pentru clienţii din Bucureşti). pe relaţii care leagă terminale aflate la frontiera de vest a României (în special Rail Port Arad din staţia Curtici) de diferite localităţi din România, inclusiv unele aflate la mare distanţă (de exemplu, Bucureşti). Organizatorii de transport optează de regula pentru utilizarea sistemului feroviar în ţările vecine României şi pentru servicii rutiere în România. pe alte relaţii. sistemul fluvial: n River Shipping, care transportă containere pe barje pe relaţii care leagă portul Constanţa de porturi dunărene din sau Serbia. Numărul de containere preluat de sistemul fluvial este mic (1380 TEU, în 2015). Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad 5-6 aprilie
36 EUORO / CAMION TAXA DE UTILIZARE A INFRASTRUCTURII FEROVIAIRE vs. ROVINIETA LEI / TKM Transport feroviar Bucuresti - Craiova transport rutier Bucuresti - Craiova Transport feroviar Bucuresti - Port Constanta Bucuresti - Port Constanta - Austria - vehicule cu 3 axe si masa >3,5 t, EURO 6 - Austria - vehicule cu 4 axe si masa >3,5 t EURO 6 Taxa de pod Taxa de drum TUI (tren 3000 tb) Bucuresti - Arad Tren Ro-La (grad încărcare 80%) Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad 5-6 aprilie
37 COSTURI Intensitatea necesară pentru ajutorul de stat : 60% Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad 5-6 aprilie
38 BENEFICII Circulaţia zilnică între Bucureştii Noi şi Constanţa Ferry-Boat a unei perechi suplimentare de trenuri cu 33 containere de 40 înseamnă: 1. Economii de motorină de aproximativ 220 t/an; 2. Economii de energie primară + reducerea emisiilor de noxe. Energia primară [kj/an] Emisii de dioxid de carbon (CO 2 ) [t/an] 4568,23 Emisii de oxizi de azot (NOx) [t/an] 28,38 Emisii de dioxid de sulf (SO 2 ) [t/an] 2,16 Emisii de compusi organici volatili nemetanici [t/an] 4,87 Emisii de particule fine (praf) [t/an] -0,24 Calcule CFR Marfă, bazate pe date din proiectul EcotransIT Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad 5-6 aprilie
39 RESTANTE Programul de susţinere a transporturilor combinate de tip Ro-La Scrisoarea Comisiei Europene nr. C(2015) 2584 final având ca obiect Ajutorul de stat SA (2014/N) România - Schema de ajutor de stat pentru transportul combinat de tip Ro-La: În consecinţă, Comisia decide să nu ridice obiecţii cu privire la ajutor, deoarece acesta este compatibil cu piaţa internă, în conformitate cu articolul 93 din Tratatul privind funcţionarea Uniunii Europene. Perioada de valabilitate a avizului: ; Intensitatea prevăzută pentru ajutorul de stat: 60%; Programul nu a fost lansat până în prezent. Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad 5-6 aprilie
40 CONCLUZII ACŢIUNI NECESARE PENTRU CRESTEREA COMPETITIVITATII Modificarea legislaţiei Principiile de tarifare a utilizării infrastructurii si a serviciilor conexe Nivelul de accizare a motorinei Principiile de tarifare si furnizare a energiei electrice de tractiune Restricţii de circulaţie pe drumurile publice Regulamente feroviare Resursele umane Altele ( tarife AFER/AGIFER, autoritati / organisme nou infiintate ) Reabilitarea / dezvoltarea / modernizarea infrastructurii şi a terminalelor Promovarea serviciilor ecologice Suport pentru investiţii / Ajutoare de stat ( RO-LA ) Railway PRO Technology & Services Forum, Arad 5-6 aprilie
41 Multumesc pentru atentie! Daniel CIOBANU CFR Marfă Director Departament Vânzări - Trafic daniel.m.ciobanu@cfrmarfa.com
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