Making the Peace. Chapter 11 Section 4

Transcription

1 Making the Peace Chapter 11 Section 4

2 Cost of War Human, material, and political costs of World War I were staggering The huge loss of life was made even worse in 1918 by a deadly pandemic (a spread of disease across a wide area) of influenza (20 million deaths in a few months) From Russia to France, homes, farms, factories, and roads had been bombed into rubble; many homeless refugees Reconstruction costs and war debts would burden an already battered world The Allies blamed he war on their defeated foes and insisted that they make reparations(payments for war damages)

3 Cost of War Governments had collapsed in Russia, Germany, Austria- Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire because of WWI Out of chaos, political radicalsdreamed of building a new social order Conservatives warned against the spread of communism

4 Paris Peace Conference Victorious Allies met at the Paris Peace Conferenceto discuss the fate of Europe, the former Ottoman Empire, and various colonies around the world The Central Powers and Russia were not allowed to participate This would lead to problems regarding the issue of self-determination The three main leaders had conflicting goals

5 Leaders at Paris Peace Conference British Prime Minister David Lloyd George focused on rebuilding Britain French leader Georges Clemenceau wanted to punish Germany severely American President Woodrow Wilson insisted on the creation of an international League of Nations, based on the idea of collective security In this system, a group of nations acts as one to preserve the peace of all

6 David Lloyd George (Britain) George wanted to rebuild Great Britain at an enormous expense.

7 Georges Clemenceau Clemenceau wanted to weaken and punish Germany so Germany could never again threaten France.

8 President Woodrow Wilson

9 Italy Italy walked away from the Paris Peace Conference very disappointed Italian prime minister Vittorio Orlando demanded that the Allies honor their secret agreement to give former Austro- Hungarian land to Italy The Allies argued that such secret agreement violated the principle of self-determination(the right of people to choose their own form of government) The Austria-Hungarian empire was broken up into new, independent countries that would NOT be controlled by Italy

10 Treaty of Versailles In June 1919, the Allies ordered representatives of the new German Weimar Republic to sign the Treaty of Versailles The German delegates were horrified The treaty 1) forced Germany to assume full blame and responsibility for the war The treaty also 2) imposed huge reparations that would burden an already damaged German economy, 3) limited the size of the German military, 4) returned Alsace-Lorraine to France, and 5) forced Germany to surrender her overseas colonies

11 Treaty of Versailles, 1919

12 Other Treaties The Allies drew up treaties with the other Central Powers Like the Treaty of Versailles, these treaties left widespread dissatisfaction, especially among many colonies that had hoped for an end to imperial rule Many nations felt betrayed by the peacemakerrs As a result of these treaties, new nations emerged where the German, Austrian, and Russian empires once stood

13 Mandates Colonial leaders expected an end to imperial rule and independence Leaders at Paris Peace Conference applied selfdetermination only to parts of Europe not Africa or Asia Outside Europe, the Allies added to their overseas empires through a system of mandates (territories administered by the Western powers) Under the mandatesystem, European powers took over control of the former German and Ottoman Empire colonies

14 The League of Nations The United States Senate failed to ratify the Treaty of Versailles USA signed separate peace treaty with Germany later The U.S. rejected the League of Nations Without the support of the USA, the League of Nations was weakened and doomed The USA was tired of European wars and wanted to remain out of European politics It was time for Europe to resolve its problems without American intervention

15 Powerpoint Questions (23 points) 1. WWI killed millions of people worldwide. What also killed 25 million people globally in 1918 alone? 2. What did the Allies demand that the defeated countries pay after the war? 3. What type of people dreamed of building a new social order around the world? 4. What was the nameof the peace conference to discuss the fate of Europe, the former Ottoman empire, and various colonies around the world? 5. Who was notallowed to attend the conference? (2 points)

16 Powerpoint Questions (23 points) 6. Who were the principal leaders at the conference and which country did each represent? (6 points) 7. List the goal that each major Allied country had for postwar Europe. (3 points) 8. What treaty did the Allied countries force Germany to sign in June, 1919? 9. Identify the five major components of the peace treaty. (5 points) 10. What did the U.S. senate failto ratify? 11. What did the U.S. senate reject?

17 The End