The Age of Absolutism. World History

Transcription

1 The Age of Absolutism World History

2 The Rise of Spain Spain had very profitable colonies in the Americas. Philip II uses this money to solidify his power and Spanish influence around the globe. He reigned as an absolute monarch.. This is a ruler with complete authority over his government and all of his people. He ruled by Divine Right, which means he believed that his right to rule came directly from God.

3 Philip II Fights Many Battles Philip fought many wars to increase Spanish Catholic power. Problems are going to develop between Phillip II (Catholic( Catholic) and Queen Elizabeth of England (Protestants).

4 Elizabeth Supports Sea Dogs Elizabeth supports privateers,, who openly plunder Spanish ships sailing from the New World. She even makes the most prominent of these pirates, Sir Francis Drake,, a knight.

5 Philip II Attacks England Philip creates an armada,, or huge group of ships, to carry an invasion force to England. The year is It was the largest Armada ever seen to this point in history. It included 130 ships, 20,000 men, and 2,400 cannons.

6 The Spanish Armada is Defeated The weather in the English Channel sinks many of the Spanish ships. The large ships are outmaneuvered by the smaller English ships in the English Channel and sunk. This defeat would lead to the decline of Spain as a world power.

7 France Faces Religious Turmoil In the 1500 s s France faced religious strife between Catholics and non-catholics. These non-catholics were called Huguenots. In 1589, Henry II issued the Edict of Nantes. This allowed for religious tolerance in France. Henry IV is assassinated.

8 The King s s Power is Strengthened After Henry IV is assassinated, his nine year old son, Louis XIII comes to the throne. His chief advisor is Cardinal Richelieu.. He crushed the power of the nobles and greatly strengthened the powers of the king. Louis XIV takes over after Louis XIII dies.

9 Louis XIV Louis XIV takes the throne when he is five years old. His chief advisor dies when he is 23. Louis then takes control of all aspects of the state. He will become a powerful absolute monarch.

10 The Sun King Louis rules by Divine Right. He takes the sun as his symbol of absolute power. He states that the sun is the center of the Universe,, and he is the center of his nation. L etat c est moi. I AM THE STATE.

11 Versailles Louis XIV creates the great palace of Versailles.. He moves the government here. He also moves all of his nobles and officials to his enormous palace. It was a symbol of his absolute power.

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13 Louis Controls his Nobles He moves all of his nobles to Versailles so that he can keep an eye on them. He has ceremonies where nobles compete for honors like handing Louis his shoes or holding a towel for him. This keeps him in charge of every part of the state.

14 Most of France Remains Poor Louis spends much of the wealth of his country on himself. Much of the rest is spread around his few thousand nobles. Many people in France remain very poor and they are growing resentful of Louis and his court.

15 Louis and Protestantism Louis established absolute power by smashing the power of the Huguenots, despite the Treaty of Nantes In 1685, he revoked the edict and outlawed Protestantism Over 200,000 Huguenots fled France The loss of their skills and wealth caused a financial crisis

16 Money & the Military Louis s s finances were managed by the minister of finance, Jean-Baptists Colbert Colbert increased exports,, limited imports and simplified the tax code,, reducing debt. Louis used his money to increase military from 70,000 men to 200,000 men. Louis used this army to become Europe s most powerful monarch, taking France to war on four occasions.

17 War over a Throne War of the Spanish Spanish Succession Spanish King died without heir Three rulers claimed throne, including Louis 1701, England,, the Netherlands and the Holy Roman Empire went to war with France France defeated, Louis forced to sign Treaty of Utrecht,, which forbid merging of French and Spanish thrones France forced to return most territory England emerges as new world power