The Age of Absolutism and Limited Government. Name: World History I + Mr. Horas

Transcription

1 The Age of Absolutism and Limited Government Name: World History I + Mr. Horas 1

2 World History I Mr. Horas Absolutism and Limited Government Reading #1 Reading #1: Europe in Crisis: The Wars of Religion in the Sixteenth Century (Red Book: Pages ) Guiding Questions: 1. Compare the European religious crises. Point out three similarities among them. Main idea: Throughout the 1500s, religious tensions flared up between Catholics and the new Protestant denominations. France #1 Spain #2 England (with Spain) #3 French Wars of Religion ( ) (page 453) Phillip II and The Cause of Militant Catholicism (p. 455) England of Elizabeth ( ) (p. 456) Two sides in conflict & leaders: Two sides in conflict & leaders: Two sides in conflict & leaders: Catholics Huguenots Phillip II Netherlands Elizabeth I Phillip II (Spain) Religious causes of fighting: Religious causes of fighting: Religious causes of fighting: Political causes of fighting: Political causes of fighting: Political causes of fighting: 2 Results: 2 Results: 2 Results: 7

3 #1: Compare the European religious crises. Point out three similarities among them. Similarity #1: Similarity #2: Similarity #3: World History I Mr. Horas Absolutism and Limited Government Reading #2 Reading #2: Europe in Crisis: Social Disintegration, War and Revolution (1560 to 1650) (Red Pages ) Guiding Questions: 1. Describe three things that caused tension or fear in the lives of Europeans in the 1500s. How might these have contributed to the rise of a strong leader? Main idea: Fear in Europe led to the rise of strong central governments. Price Revolution (inflation) 1. From 1560 to 1650, the price of goods rose (inflation) significantly. Give one reason why prices rose. Population Decline 2. While Europe s population increased during the 1500s and early 1600s, why did it begin to decline by 1630? 8

4 The Witchcraft Craze 3. In the sixteenth (1500s) and seventeenth (1600s) centuries, many people became hysterical (fearful) about. Perhaps more than (number) were punished as witches. Many of these people only confessed after they were. 4. Point out something interesting you learned about this witchcraft hysteria from your reading. 5. By the mid-seventeenth century (1650s), the witchcraft hysteria began to end as people become more and as began to advance and become more widespread. Guiding Question #1: Describe three things that caused tension or fear in the lives of Europeans in the 1500s. How might these have contributed to the rise of a strong leader? (You ll have to make a guess on this second question.) Strong leader: 9

5 World History I Mr. Horas Absolutism and Limited Government Reading #3 Reading #3: The Rise of Nations and the English Revolution Guiding Question: 1. Define absolutism (absolute power). 2. Define Divine Right of Kings. 3. Who were the two sides in the English Revolution (Civil War) (Mention their leaders names)? What was the cause of the.. conflict? Point out two results of the conflict. What is Nationalism? 1. Under feudalism, people were loyal to a (rich land owner). With nationalism, people became loyal to their. Two of the first countries to develop nationalism (love of country) were and. What is Absolute Power? 2. Another name for a king or queen is. If a king or queen had no limits on his or her power, they were known as. How Absolute was a Monarch s Power? 3. What crazy thing happed to Phillip II, an absolute monarch? 10

6 English Monarchs Struggle for Power 4., who ruled England in the late 1500s, shared power with the. The Parliament made and taxes. What is Divine Right? 5. After Elizabeth I died, became the King of England. 6. Why did he refuse to share power with Parliament? (Use divine right in your answer) What Made Parliament and the People Angry? 7. James I died in 1625 and his son became the new King of England. 8. What did Charles I do that angered Parliament? When Did Parliament Limit the King s Power? 9. In 1628, the Parliament said it would only give money to Charles I if he signed the of. 10. What were two things the document said (that actually limited the King s power)? 11

7 What Led the Civil War in England? 11. In, Charles I, angry at, tried to arrest several of its leaders. 12. The English Civil War broke out in the 1640s. Charles I led his who fought against the led by..oliver Cromwell. 13. Circle the name of the winning side: Cavaliers or Roundheads 14. After the war ended, was put on trial and then in Who became the new leader of England in 1653? Why did many people dislike him? Guiding Questions 1.Define Absolutism. 2. Define Divine Right of Kings. 3. Who were the two sides in the English Revolution (Civil War) (Mention their leaders names)? What was the cause of the conflict? Point out two results of the conflict. Side #1: Side #1 Leader: Cause of Conflict? Side #2: Side #2 Leader: Result #1: Result #2: 12

8 World History I Mr. Horas Absolutism and Limited Government Reading #4 Reading #4: Louis XIV of France & Peter the Great of Russia Guiding Questions: 1. Who was Louis XIV? Explain two examples of how he was able to gain power over the nobles in France. 2. Who was Peter the Great? Explain two examples of how he was able to gain power over the nobles in Russia. Louis XIV of France 1. In 1643, became the King of France at four years of age. Who Helped the Young King Rule? 2. With the help of Cardinal and Cardinal (cardinals are religious leaders in the Catholic Church), France became the strongest country in Europe. What Problems Did Louis XIV face? 3. Who stood in Louis XIV s way of becoming a powerful (absolute) monarch (king)? How? How Did Louis Centralize Frances s Government? 4. What were two things Louis XIV did to gain more power over the nobles (rich land owners)? 13

9 What Did Louis XIV Do as King? 5. Louis XIV is also known for his construction of the beautiful palace at. 6. What did Louis do that hurt the people of France? 7. Why was Louis XIV called the Sun King? Peter the Great of Russia Who was Peter the Great of Russia? 8. Peter the Great became the czar (king) of in (year).. 9. Why did he travel to Europe? Why Did Peter Travel to Europe? 10. Why did Peter want European experts to come to Russia? 14

10 Who Did Peter Fight Wars Against? 11. During the early 1700s, Russia fought wars against as well as the. In both conflicts, Russia gained new. What Changes Did Peter Make Within Russia? 12. What were two changes Peter made within Russia? 13. How did Peter s rule hurt his own people? Guiding Questions Who was Louis XIV? Who was Peter the Great? Explain two examples of how he was able to gain power over the nobles in France Explain two examples of how he was able to gain power in Russia

11 World History I Mr. Horas Absolutism and Limited Government Reading #5 Reading #5: Limited Monarchy: The Example of England Guiding Questions: 1. Explain why and how James II of England upset Parliament in the 1680s? 2. What was the Glorious Revolution in England in 1688? Explain two results of it. Main idea: England limited the power of their ruler even further in the late 1600s. What is the Restoration? 1. The English grew tired of Cromwell s rule and wanted to return to the rule of a king. In (year), Charles I s oldest son, became the King of England. This 25-year reign is called the. 2. Why did the English people like the new king? What New Law Did Parliament Pass? 3. What did the Habeas Corpus Act state? What is the Glorious Revolution? 4. After Charles II died, became king of England. 16

12 5. James II was driven from power in and replaced by his older daughter and her husband. As few people died in this revolution it is referred to as the. What is a Constitutional Monarchy? 6. Before William and Mary could become King and Queen (monarchs) of England, they had to sign the of. 7. Why did Parliament make them sign this document? 8. While France and Russia set up monarchies where the monarch (king or queen) had all the power, in England they established a monarchy were their leader (monarch) had to power with the people. #1: Explain why and how James II of England upset Parliament in the 1680s? #2: What was the Glorious Revolution in England in 1688? Explain two results of it. What was it? Result #1: Result #2: 17

13 The Puritan Revolution: Cromwell and the Rise of Parliamentary Democracy In 1648, Charles I (Charles Stuart), King of England, was brought before Parliament and charged with high treason. Charles I questions and authority of Parliament over him for as he says, I am no ordinary prisoner. Oliver Cromwell, a Puritan leader and ranked #47 on the list of the most influential people in history, is the man most responsible for bringing the King to trial. The video focuses on the events which lead up to this trial and Charles I s eventual execution. As you watch the movie, take notes on the following guiding questions: 1. Who was Cromwell? (Include when and where he lived.) 2. Make note of an interesting story about him. (Attention Grabbing intro) 3. Point out three reasons why Cromwell did NOT support Charles I. 4. Point out three ways Cromwell s actions changed World / English history. Cromwell Background Why Cromwell did NOT support Charles I Interesting story Ways Cromwell s actions changed history 18

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15 World History I Mr. Horas Philosopher chart Your team is presenting the ideas of your philosopher. You are trying to convince the class that your ideas on the ideal government are the BEST! Read your articles and fill out the chart below. After you ve read your pages, meet with your group and decide who will fulfill the roles below: 1. Mandatory: One person needs to become the philosopher and answer questions on your beliefs. This philosopher needs to use his own quotes to support his position & needs to be able to point out the weaknesses of his opponents. 2. One person needs to create a shield (with 4 symbols, dates and a quote) to represent your philosopher and type up an explanation of your shield (placed on back). 3. One person needs to introduce your philosopher to the class and write a poem or song of at least 16 lines about your philosopher. It needs to highlight at least 3 key ideas of the philosopher and information about his or her life. 4. One person needs to write a summary of the best ideas he or she heard (at the convention) on the ideal form of government. Philosopher (or Ruler): Years: Famous Work: Country: Describe his ideas on the best type of government: Quotes to support: Can people be trusted? Why or why not? Other ideas of interest: 20

16 World History I Mr. Horas Government Conference Absolutism and Limited Government Years & famous Work Can people be trusted? Why? Ideal form of government Main reason panelist gave for why this is the ideal government Baron de Montesquieu King Louis XIV (Bousset) John Locke Thomas Hobbes 21