5. Revolutions A: English Civil War, Absolutism, Scientific Rev and Enlightenment
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1 5. Revolutions A: English Civil War, Absolutism, Scientific Rev and Enlightenment Study online at quizlet.com/_2rq93a 1. Absolutism 5. Cardinal Richelieu When kings and queens have complete control over government and the lives of their subjects 2. Boyars Helped establish absolute rule in France 6. Characteristics of Absolute Monarchies Russian land owners 3. cabinet A group of government ministers that was a link between the monarch and Parliament. 4. Cardinal Mazarin 7. Charles I - Centralization of power - Concept of divine right Helped rule for Louis XIV until he was old enough to rule for himself King of England ( ) who tried to rule without Parliament; was executed for treason by the end of the English Civil War
2 8. Charles II 12. Edict of Nantes Was issued to protect French Protestants in the majority Catholic France 13. English Bill of Rights of 1689 The first King of England ( ) put on the throne after the English Civil War; known as the restoration; habeas corpus 9. Common Law Laws developed over time from previous judgments 10. constitutional monarchy A document that limits royal power drafted by Parliament Government in which laws limit the monarchs power; agreed by William and Mary with Parliament 14. The Enlightenment 11. Czar - Applied reason to the political world - Stimulated religious tolerance - fueled democratic revolutions around the world 15. Francis Bacon Russian emperor / empress; caesar English writer who helped advance the scientific method.
3 16. Galileo Galilei 21. heliocentric theory Italian astronomer who used the telescope to support the heliocentric theory; sun-centered theory 17. geocentric theory 18. Glorious Revolution Theory that the Earth is at the center of the solar system/ universe 22. Influence of Enlightenment Theory that the Sun is at the center of the solar system / universe 19. Grand Embassy 20. habeas corpus Bloodless overthrow of King James II of England Peter the Great's visit to western Europe to learn about how the other absolute monarchs ruled - ideas fueled the revolutions in the Americas and France - influenced Thomas Jefferson's Declaration of Independence - ideas influenced the U.S.'s Constitution and Bill of Rights 23. Intendants Government officials from the middle class that helped Louis XIV with the government bureaucracy 24. Isaac Newton Law giving prisoners the right to obtain a document saying that the prisoner cannot go to jail without being brought before a judge English alchemist who developed the laws of gravity and motion
4 25. Jean- Jacques Rousseau 29. Louis XIV 26. Johannes Kepler 27. John Locke - wrote "The Social Contract" - government should be run by the will of the majority; General Will German mathematician who developed the theory of planetary motion using mathematics; the elliptical orbit 30. Magna Carta - France - Palace of Versailles as a symbol of Royal Power - Sun King 28. jury trial - wrote "Two Treatises on Government" - humans are sovereign therefore the government should protect natural rights of life, liberty and property - if government fails to protect natural rights, people can overthrow government 31. Montesquie Document signed by King John in 1215 that limited the power of the English monarch - wrote "The Spirit of Laws" - best form of government includes separation of powers (judicial, legislative, and executive) Use of peers or equals to either make decisions or find facts regarding guilt or innocence
5 32. Nicolaus Copernicus 36. Peter the Great Polish cleric and astronomer who developed heliocentric theory; sun-centered 33. Oliver Cromwell 37. Rene Descartes - Russia - Westernization of Russia Leader of the Puritans; military dictator of England after the English Civil War ( ) 34. Palace of Versailles French mathematician who helped promote the scientific method. 38. Restoration Period after the monarchy was restored in England with Charles II 39. Scientific Revolution Built by Louis XIV; showed his influence as an absolute ruler 35. Parliament - A new way of thinking about the natural world. -It was based on careful observation and the willingness to question old beliefs. The legislative branch of the English Government
6 40. St. Petersburg 43. War of Spanish Succesion 41. Thomas Hobbes location of Russia's first warm water port founded by Peter the Great Louis XIV's attempt at expanding France's influence in Spain by making it part of his kingdom; unsuccessful 44. Westernization Peter the Great's attempt to bring Russia into modern times along with the rest of Europe 45. Westernizing Russia 42. Voltaire - wrote "Leviathan" - humans are primitive therefore consent to be governed - give up rights for protection 46. William and Mary Peter the Great: - introduced potatoes as staple food - started first newspaper - included women in social gatherings - ordered nobles to change their style of dress and remove facial hair - freedom of speech - religious toleration - separation of church and state Were brought to England in a bloodless revolution (Glorious Revolution) to rule along with parliament ( )
7 47. William Harvey English doctor that discovered circulation of the blood
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