Journal of Water and Soil Vol. 26, No.5, Nov.-Dec. 2012, p Geopedologic approach 7- Landscape 8- Relief 9- Lithology 10- Landform

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1 Journal of Water and Soil Vol. 6, No.5, Nov.-Dec. 0, p ( ) ( : ) 5 4 * //7: 9/6/5:. 500 B A.. :40000 : ( ). ( ). :55000 : : 6.(4) " " (). ) (.(4).(9) 6- Geopedologic approach 7- Landscape 8- Relief 9- Lithology 0- Landform 5 4.(8).() -5 ( Zakiehrashidi@yahoo.com : -*) ( ) -4

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6 B A - ( 007) (00) Haplic Fluvisols (alcaric, Skeletic) Fluvic ambisols (alcaric, Skeletic) Fluvic ambisols (alcaric, Skeletic) Fluvic ambisols (alcaric, Skeletic) Fluvic ambisols (alcaric, Skeletic) Fluvic ambisols (alcaric, Skeletic, Siltic) Fluvic ambisols (alcaric, Skeletic, Siltic) Fluvic ambisols (alcaric, Skeletic, Siltic) Fluvic Endoleptic ambisols (alcaric) Fluvic ambisols (alcaric, Siltic) Fluvic Endoleptic ambisols (alcaric) Hypocalcic alcisols (Skeletic) Fragmental, Mixed, Superactive, Mesic Typic Xerofluvents Fine-loamy, Mixed, Active, Mesic Typic Haploxerepts Fine-loamy, Mixed, Superactive, Mesic Typic Haploxerepts Mesic Typic alcixerepts :55000 :55000 :40000 :40000 B A ( ) ( ) B A - - B A :55000 :40000.( - ) (:55000 ) 00. (:40000 ) 75 5.( - ) :40000 A (9) B. (7) :55000 ( -) B A.. /

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8 ( ) ( ). ) (. ) ( :(5) : : : Arcak., Ozden s., Kurucu Y., Altinbas U., Bolca M. and Turk T. 00. Estimtion of degradation risk on mass movement-prone areas of Senirkent and GIS&RS-aided modeling and mapping of susceptible zones using Direct-He uristik Technique [Online] Bani-Nemeh J. 00.Land evaluation for land use planning with especial attention to sustainable fodderproduction in the Roozeh-haeicatchment of Orumieh area, Iran.Msc. Thesis, International Institute for Geo-information Science and Earth Observation (IT), Enschede, The Netherlands. 0- Burrough P. A. 98. Multiscale source of spatial variation in soil. The application of fractal concept to nested levels of soil variation. Journal of Soil Science, 4: EsfandiarpoorBorujeni I., Salehi M. H., Toomanian N., Mohammadi J. and Poch R.M The effect of survey density on the results of geopedological approach in soil mapping: a case study in the Borujen region, entral Iran. atena 79: Farshad A., Udomsri S., Yadav R. D., Shrestha D.P., and Sukchan S Understanding geopedologic is clue for improving the management of salt-affected soil in NongSuang district, NakhonRatchasima. Land Development Department, Thailand. - Gee G. W. and Bauder J. W Particle size analysis. PP In: Klute, A. (Ed.). Methods of Soil Analysis. Part, Am. Soc. Agron. Inc, Mdison, WI, USA. 4- Gower J General coefficient of similarity and some of its properties. Biometrics, 7: Hay G. J., Marceau D. J. and Bouchard A. 00. Modeling multi-scale landscape structure within a hierarchical scale-space framework. ISPRS ommission IV Symposium on Geospatial Theory, Processing and plications. July 9-. Ottawa, anada, pp Hengl T. and Rossiter D. J. 00. Supervised landform classification to enhance and replace photointerpretation in semi-detailed soil survey. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 67: IUSS Working Group WRB World Reference Base for Soil Resources 006, first update 007.

9 55... World Soil Resources Reports No. 0. FAO, Rome. 8- Kolay A. K Basic concepts of soils science. nd ed. New AGE International Publishers, 40 pp. 9- Loeppert R. H. and Suarez D.L arbonate and gypsum. In D.L. Sparks. (Ed.) Methods of Soil Analysis. Part. Am. Soc. Agron. Inc, Madison, WI, USA. PP Manly B.F.J Multivariate Statistical Methods: A primer ( rd ed.). hapman and Hall, R, London, 5 pp. - Momeni A Assessment of the prevailing irrigation practice and their relation to soil, using remote sensing and GIS in the Hamadan area (Iran). MSc. Thesis, International Institute for Aerospace Survey and Earth Science (IT), Enschede, The Netherlands. - Momeni A Soil quality changes under long-term when cultivation in the Marvdasht plain, southcentral Iran. Ph.D dissertation, GentUniversity, Gent, Belgium. - Nelson D. W. and Summers L. E.996. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter, In: Sparks, D.L. (Ed.), Methods of soil Analysis. Part, Am. Agron. Inc, Madison, WI. USA. PP Rossiter D. G Methodology for Soil Resource Inventories, Lecture notes, nd Revised Version. Soil Science Division, International Institute for Aerospace Survey and Earth Science (IT), Enschede, The Netherlands. 5- Rossiter D. G. 00. Principles of Soil lassification. Lecture Notes, International Institute for Aerospace Survey and Earth Sciences (IT), Enschede, the Netherlands. 6- Rossiter D. G. and Hengl T. 00. Technical notes: creating geometrically correct photo-interpretation, photo-mosaics, and base maps for a project GIS Schoenberger P. J., Wysocki D. A., Benham E.. and Broderson W. D. (Eds.). 00. Field Book for Describing and Sampling Soils ( nd ed.). Natural Resources onservation Service. National soil survey enter, Lincoln. Ne, 8 pp. 8- Shepande. 00. Soil and land use with particular attention to land evaluation for selected land use types in the lake Neivasha Basin, Kenya. International Institute for aerospace survey and earth sciences(it), Enschede, the Netherlands. 06 p. 9- Soil Survey Staff. 00. Keys to Soil Taxonomy ( th ed.). NRS, USDA, USA. 0- Sumner M.E. and Miller W.P ation exchange capacity and exchange coefficient. In: D.L. Sparks (Ed.), Methods of soil analysis, Part. American Society of Agronomy, Inc., Madison, WI, USA, pp Sylla M., Stein A., Van Mensvoort M. E. and can Breemen N Spatial variability of soil actual and potential acidity in the mangrove agroecosystem of West Africa. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 60: Udomsri S plication of computer assisted geopedology to predictive soil mapping and its use in assessing soil erosion prone areas: a case study of DoiAngKhang, AngKhang Royal Agricultural Station, Thailand. MSc. Thesis, International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (IT), Enschede, The Netherlands. - Zinck J. A Physiography and soils. Lecture-notes for soil students. Soil Science Division. Soil survey courses subject matter: K6 IT, Enschede, The Netherlands.

10 Journal of Water and Soil Vol. 6, No.5, Nov.-Dec. 0, p ( ) Effect of Scale and Type of lassification System on the Results of Soil Mapping Using Geopedologic proach (A ase Study: Damavand Region, Tehran Province) Z. Rashidi Koochi * - I. Esfandiarpoor Borujeni - A. Abbaspour - A. Kamali 4 - A.A. Naderi 5 Received: Accepted: Abstract Geopedology is a systematic approach to analyze the geomorphic levels for soil mappingwhich organizes natural terrains in a hierarchical order in accordance with their scale. Hereon, the effect of mapping scale and kinds of soil classification system on the reliability of the geopedologic approach was investigated. In view of that, after air-photos interpretation (:55,000 and :40,000 scales) of an area (500 ha) on the east of Damavand, two similar delineations (named A and B) were selected on the geoform map. Then, some pedons were dug in the similargeoforms based on semi-detailed soil surveys. The pedons were classified up to the family level according to Soil Taxonomy and up to the subunit level (including suffix and prefix qualifiers) based on WRB soil classification systems. This was the conducted when description and sampling from all genetic horizons and physical and chemical analyses had been already done. The results showed that mapping scale affected the results of the geopedologic approach significantly, so that relative similarity in all taxonomic levels was lower in :40,000 scale than the :55,000 scale for all studied pedons. Besides, Soil Taxonomywas more adaptable than WRB in predicting the relative similarity among soils in the same geoforms. On the whole, the geopedologic approach is still not able to estimate and determine the complete variability of soils and define their chaotic nature precisely, and the performance of this approach is limited to semi-detailed surveys and smaller ones. Keywords: Generalization, Geopedologic approach, Scale, Similar units, Soil mapping,,5- MSc. Student and Assistant Prof., Dept. of Soil Sci., Faculty of Agri., Technol. University of Shahrood, respctively (*-corresponding Author Zakiehrashidi@yahoo.com ),4- Assistant Prof., Dept. of Soil Sci., Faculty of Agri., Vali-e-AsrUniversity of Rafsanjan