Lotta Samuelson Kolobrzeg,

Transcription

1 Lotta Samuelson Kolobrzeg,

2 Best Available Technologies for intensive pig production to reduce leaching of nutrients to the Baltic Sea Outline: 1. Background and rational for the project 2. Project strategy 3. Results and recommendations from the report 4. Baltic Sea 2020 next steps

3 Baltic Sea 2020 A private, independent foundation established by Mr. Björn Carlson, a Swedish banker, through the single largest private donation, 50 million EUR, ever made in Sweden. Aimed at stimulating creative, concrete measures which improve the environment of the Baltic Sea 37% Media and & Advocacy Advocacy 33% Research Science Since work begun in 2006 the foundation has financed more than 40 projects, granting more than 12 million EUR. Applied projects Applied projects Focus areas Improve Baltic Sea Environment Eutrophication Fishery Increase public awareness through media and advocacy activities in the Baltic region 30% Grants allocation

4 Background

5 The Baltic Sea The largest low-saline water basin on earth. Ecologically unique Highly sensitive Area km2 Catchment over km2 90 million people in 14 states Average depth 55m Low water turn over One of the most polluted seas in the world

6 Eutrophication The levels of N and P have increased 2-3 times the last century The main source is leaching of excess nutrients from agriculture The only long term solution is to cut nutrient discharges from land Measures at sea are costly, risky and not sustainable

7 Eutrophication Proportion of sources contributing to N inputs into the Baltic Sea sub regions in (Source, Baltic Nest Institute) Proportion of sources contributing to P inputs into the Baltic Sea sub regions in (Source, Baltic Nest Institute)

8 Baltic Sea from Space

9 Dead Sea Bottoms A six time increase the last century Black no oxygen no life Red low oxygen, no higher life Bottom water oxygen October 06

10 Project idea

11 Objective To improve the environmental quality of the Baltic Sea by encouraging the use of cost - effective manure treatment technologies which reduce the leaching of Nitrogen and Phosphorous to the aquatic environment Photo Alfred Samuelson

12 Industrial livestock farms an increasing point source for nutrient discharges to the Baltic Sea Meat consumption/production is increasing in the region - Intensive animal production is increasing. Denmark average pig farm 550 pigs Denmark 2009 average pig farm pigs! Excess nutrients, not recirculated in agricultural production, end up in the aquatic environment and contribute to eutrophication of Baltic Sea

13 Project idea 1. To identify best available technologies which reduce leaching of P and N at intensive livestock farms 2. To implement concrete actions which reduce nutrient discharges to the Baltic Sea from intensive livestock farms Photo Alfred Samuelson

14 Project Strategy 1. Background Research Estimate scale of problem, actors, ongoing activities 2. List Available Technologies and identify the most cost efficient Desk study, study trips, digital survey, round table, hearing of draft report, final report with considerations 3. Promote the widespread implementation of identified tecnologies Support to research, pilot plants, communication and advocacy Photo Alfred Samuelson

15 Initial research

16 Background Research Land N & P loads in the Baltic Sea Folk mängd catchment area P Human P Mineral P Manure N Human N Mineral N Manure DE 2,956,635 3,430 18,419 15,787 11, ,548 89,445 DK 4,208,223 4,882 11,338 34,758 16, , ,063 EE 1,257,268 1,458 3,341 7,634 4,903 40,815 23,514 FI 5,107,953 5,925 21,482 22,076 19, ,367 84,685 LT 3,259,619 3,781 14,626 27,332 12, ,009 72,255 LV 2,277,309 2,642 10,409 21,960 8,882 94,928 60,956 PL 37,946,391 44, , , ,991 1,355, ,278 SE 8,496,667 9,856 18,994 22,389 33, , ,585 SUM 65,510,066 75, , , ,489 2,347, ,779 Data från EUs Joint Research Centre (2000), sammanställd av Baltic Nest Institute

17 Background Research Distribution of pigs in the Baltic Sea catchment area In the Baltic Sea catchment area 38 million pigs ca 17 million in Poland ca 13 million in Denmark IPPC farms (> production pigs/750 sows) 378 in Denmark 122 in Poland 117 Sweden 601 in all Germany

18 List of Available Technologies and Analysis of the most Cost- Efficient

19 List of Available Technologies List current known livestock manure treatment technologies Disregard trade marks, brands, solutions or concepts offered by individual producers Reduce the list with technologues without leaching reduction effect not commersially implemented apparent negative environment impact unproven or unacceptable economic performance Photos Henning Lyngsö Foged

20 List of Available Technologies More than 40 livestock manure treatment technologies were identified relevant for industrial pig farming in the Baltic Sea Region that in a cost efficient way minimize N and P leakage from manure excluding technologies for manure storing and spreading, technologies focused on reduction of smell and airborne emissions Photos Henning Lyngsö Foged

21 Available Technologies the long list : # Technology 10: Mechanical separation 11 Separation by screw pressing 12 Separation by filter pressing 13 Separation by drum sieve 14 Separation by centrifuge 15 Ultra filtration 16 Reverse osmosis

22 Available Technologies the long list : # Technology 20: Chemical separation 21 Ammonia stripping 22 Flocculation 23 Struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) precipitation

23 Available Technologies the long list : # Technology 30: Aerobic treatment 31 Aeration 32 Ozonizing 33 Composting of liquid livestock manure 34 Composting of solid livestock manure or fibre fractions of liquid livestock manure 35 Nitrification-denitrification 36 Flotation

24 Available Technologies the long list : # Technology 40: Anaerobic treatment 41 Anaerobic digestion 50: Evaporation and drying, possibly followed by pelleting 51 Evaporation and drying 60: Incineration 61 Incineration

25 Available Technologies the long list : # Technology 70: Pyrolysis 71 Pyrolysis 80: Other chemical treatments than separation 81 ph adjustment, acidification 82 ph adjustment, liming 83 Applying other chemicals to manure, here under enzymes

26 Available Technologies the long list : # Technology 90: Nature and biological treatment 91 Constructed wetlands 92 Biological treatment of pig slurry 93 Composting of manure with larvae of the housefly 94 Algae production on liquid manure substrates 100: Temperature and pressure treatment 10 1 Temperature and pressure treatment

27 Available Technologies the long list : # Technology 110: Other technologies 111 P-index 112 Certification of persons, who transport or spread livestock manure 113 Official phosphorus norms 114 Electrolysis 115 De-mineralisation

28 Best Available Technologies the short list : Best Available Technologies are identified according to these assumptions: N and P are natural resources should be re-circulated in agricultural production. On a regional bases, N and P is not in excess Local excess of nutrient - leading to leaching/runoff Photo Alfred Samuelson Photo Alfred Samuelson

29 Conclusions The most important measures to prevent leaching of nutrients from pig manure: More efficient uptake by field crops of the nitrogen in livestock manure. Balanced application of nutrients spread on field in order to minimize P overdosing Distribution of pig manure to areas in need of fertilizer Photo Alfred Samuelson

30 Recommended Technologies The Best Available Technologies to prevent leaching of nutrients from pig manure: Anaerobic Digestion best technology for reducing N leaching. Higher field effect, more homogeneous and better incorporated into the soil Separation Technologies helps to ensure balanced fertilizing with N (liquid phase) and P (fibre fraction) P management Official P fertiliser norms (as set out e.g. in HELCOM) accompanied by P-index to adjust to local circumstances Certification of staff transporting and spreading manure Photo Alfred Samuelson The full report is available at

31 Next steps

32 Intensive Pig Production Programme Objectives Well-adapted and functioning regional and national legislation on manure treatment Increased knowledge among authorities and business about manure treatment technologies Establish demonstration facilities for cost-effective manure treatment technologies Photo Alfred Samuelson

33 Intensive Pig Production Programme Activities Policy making (IPPC Directive, national regulations, EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea region) Research and knowledge management Support to demonstration facilities Cooperation with ongoing projects such as Green Belt and Baltic Compass (interreg), Flagshipprojects within the EU Baltic Sea Action Plan, HELCOM etc. Photo Alfred Samuelson Photo Alfred Samuelson

34 Intensive Pig Production Programme Right now! Submitted proposal to the revision of the IPPC Directive and BREF document on P management measures Developing proposal to national authorities for P management measures Support to research for Best Available Biogas technologies for intensive pig producton Photo Henning Lyngsö Foged

35 The aim of Baltic Sea 2020 is to stimulate creative interdisciplinary and international collaboration in a variety of areas, resulting in political economical and physical measures taken to improve the environment of the Baltic Sea in coming years.