2018 Air Quality Annual Status Report (ASR)

Transcription

1 2018 Air Quality Annual Status Report (ASR) In fulfilment of Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management 30 June 2018 LAQM Annual Status Report 2018

2 Local Authority Officer Department Address Bill Pegram Telephone Report Reference number Regulatory Services, Public Protection Department for Place Southend-on-Sea Borough Council Floor 13 Civic Centre Victoria Avenue Southend-on-Sea SS2 6ER SBC ASR 2018 Date June 2018 LAQM Annual Status Report 2018

3 Executive Summary The 2018 Annual Status Report is designed to provide the public with information relating to local air quality in Southend, to fulfil Southend-on-Sea Borough Council s statutory duty to review and assess air quality within its area, and to determine whether or not the air quality objectives are likely to be achieved. Air Quality in the Borough of Southend Air pollution is associated with a number of adverse health impacts. It is recognised as a contributing factor in the onset of heart disease and cancer. Additionally, air pollution particularly affects the most vulnerable in society: children and older people, and those with heart and lung conditions. There is also often a strong correlation with equalities issues, because areas with poor air quality are also often the less affluent areas 1,2. The annual health cost to society of the impacts of particulate matter alone in the UK is estimated to be around 16 billion 3. Southend-on-Sea is a Unitary Authority located in South Essex, 36 miles from London along the Thames Estuary. The main source of air pollution in the Borough is road traffic emissions from major roads, notably the A13, A127 and A1159. Other pollution sources including commercial, industrial and domestic sources also make a contribution to background pollutant concentrations. Exceedances of the annual mean air quality objective for nitrogen dioxide continue to be observed at two semi-permanent sites in or close to the existing AQMA boundary. Temporary sites (eight) associated with a major improvement scheme at A127 Kent Elms junction show no exceedance in Neighbouring Rochford District Council is home to London Southend Airport which is close to the administrative boundary with Southend. The Council monitors air quality 1 Environmental equity, air quality, socioeconomic status and respiratory health, Air quality and social deprivation in the UK: an environmental inequalities analysis, Defra. Abatement cost guidance for valuing changes in air quality, May 2013 LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 Southend-on-Sea Borough Council 1

4 at roadside locations nearby. Airside operations are expected to only make an imperceptible contribution to background pollutant concentrations. In November 2016 Southend-on-Sea Borough Council declared its first Air Quality Management Areas (AQMA) centred at the junction between Prince Avenue, Hobleythick Lane and Rochford Road (also known as The Bell Junction ). Here exceedances of the annual mean Air Quality Objectives for nitrogen dioxide were confirmed by a Detailed Assessment completed in July Southend-on-Sea Borough Council has 25 semi-permanent and 8 temporary passive diffusion tube sites at which air quality is measured to ensure that the Council remains informed of air quality especially at locations where traffic volumes are high and that if exceedances are recorded, then appropriate measures can be swiftly implemented. As a Unitary Authority, the Council is responsible for highways, transportation and strategic planning. As a single tier authority, the relevant departments of Environmental Health, Public Health, Strategic Transport Policy, Planning and Sustainability are able to work effectively together to keep air quality a high priority, supported by the same Local Plan and Local Transport Plan objectives. Actions to Improve Air Quality Since the last ASR was submitted Southend on Sea Borough Council has taken forward a number of direct measures during the current reporting year of 2017 in pursuit of improving local air quality. Details of all measures completed, in progress or planned are set out in Table 2.2.Table 2.2Key completed measures are: Air Quality Action Plan 2017 final draft: First round of full consultation completed by December Low Emission (Air Quality) Strategy: First draft completed in December Steering Group formed. Southend Intelligence Hub Smart City Journey and Digital Strategy: 12 month pilot. LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 Southend-on-Sea Borough Council 2

5 Two Detailed Assessments commissioned for Kent Elms A127 junction, and West Street - Victoria Avenue. Southend on Sea Borough Council expects the following measures to be completed over the course of the next reporting year: Air Quality Action Plan 2017 approved by DEFRA in May 2018 and due to be considered at cabinet on June 19 for formal adoption by Southend-on-Sea Borough Council. Low Emission (Air Quality) Strategy to be adopted by Council in November Targeted Feasibility Study of the A127 EU non-compliance zone, as a result of a Ministerial Direction served on the Council by DEFRA in March Work commissioned to Ricardo AEA consultants. Stages 1-3 completed in May Clean Bus Technology Fund Bid: 1.1M secured in collaboration with Essex CC, Rochford, Colchester and Chelmsford DCs. Retrofitting to be completed by end of Feasibility Study: Review of The Bell A127 AQMA Junction Infrastructure Design (3 options). Promote National Clean Air Day on 15 June 2018 via a social media campaign. Completed two Detailed Assessments for Kent Elms A127 junction, and West Street - Victoria Avenue by June Review the current AQMA boundary with a view to extending the boundary to include West Street - Victoria Avenue, and the Kent Elms junction, new identified areas of potential exceedance. Review current diffusion tube monitoring programme throughout Borough with a view to expansion and/or optimisation. Review and update the Council s website air quality pages. LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 Southend-on-Sea Borough Council 3

6 The A127 Kent Elms Corner Junction alterations aimed at improving traffic flow, reducing queue length and congestion. Due for completion November Implement a new Borough Wide Parking and Access Strategy currently in draft format. Continue to progress a number of initiatives from previous years. See Table 2.2. Conclusions, Local Priorities and Challenges Since declaring its first AQMA in November 2016 at the A127 Bell Junction the Borough Council has prioritised the development of an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) as a Key Performance Indicator (KPI) and Low Emission Strategy in order to further develop both strategic and local measures to improve the poor air quality at the location and across the Borough as a whole. Further monitoring and Detailed Assessments will also indicate if other areas will require AQMA declaration. The work area priorities of the AQAP are: Southend Intelligence Hub SMART City Journey and Digital Strategy Strategic Planning and Transport Policy Public Health and Raising Awareness Land Use Planning and Development Control Sustainable Innovation Low Emission Strategy Community Engagement A Targeted Feasibility Study of the A127 EU non-compliance zone has also been given high priority for completion by the end of July How to Get Involved Southend-on-Sea Borough Council is a member of the Essex Air Quality consortium. The purpose of the Essex Air is to promote improvements in air quality related LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 Southend-on-Sea Borough Council 4

7 issues. The Essex Air web site provides a daily forecast of air pollution. twitter feed provides localised weekly air pollution forecasts. Also, see link to Southend Website Air Quality Pages currently being up-dated: Southend Air Pages Figure i.1 Essex Air Twitter Air Quality Notifications Links to Defra recommended actions and health advice are provided when air pollution is likely to be moderate or higher. This will enable those with heart or lung conditions, or other breathing problems to make informed judgements about their levels of activity or exposure. LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 Southend-on-Sea Borough Council 5

8 Table of Contents Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area... 1 Air Quality in Southend-on-Sea Borough... 1 Conclusions and Priorities... 3 Local Engagement and How to get Involved Local Air Quality Management Actions to Improve Air Quality Air Quality Management Areas Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in Southendon-Sea Borough PM 2.5 Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and/or Concentrations Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives and National Compliance Summary of Monitoring Undertaken Automatic Monitoring Sites Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites Individual Pollutants Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2 ) Particulate Matter (PM 2.5 ) Ozone (O 3 ) Appendix A: Monitoring Results Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC Appendix D: Map(s) of Monitoring Locations and AQMAs Appendix E: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England Glossary of Terms References LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 Southend-on-Sea Borough Council 6

9 List of Tables Table Title Page 2.1 Declared AQMAs Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality 14 A.1 Nitrogen Dioxide Monitoring Results AURN 22 A.2 Nitrogen Dioxide Monitoring Results Non- Automatic A.3 Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Summary Non- Automatic A.4 Annual Nitrogen Dioxide Summary AURN 28 A.5 1 Hour Mean Exceedances Nitrogen Dioxide 29 A.6 Ozone Monitoring Results Number of 8 Hour Running Mean Exeedences Automatic AURN A.7 Ozone Monthly Means AURN 30 A.8 PM 2.5 Annual Means AURN 31 B.1 Full 2017 Monthly Results Nitrogen Dioxide Non- Automatic B.2 Trend Graph of Nitrogen Dioxide Annual Means 35 E.1 UK Air Quality Objectives List of Figures Figure i.1 Essex Air: Twitter Notifications 5 Figure B.1 Nitrogen Dioxide Trend Graph 37 Figure D.1 Map of Diffusion Tube Locations 39 Figure D.2 Map of New Monitoring Locations 40 Figure D.3 Map of The Bell Junction A127 AQMA 41 LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 Southend-on-Sea Borough Council 7

10 1 Local Air Quality Management This report provides an overview of air quality in the Borough of Southend during It fulfils the requirements of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) as set out in Part IV of the Environment Act (1995) and the relevant Policy and Technical Guidance documents. The LAQM process places an obligation on all local authorities to regularly review and assess air quality in their areas, and to determine whether or not the air quality objectives are likely to be achieved. Where an exceedance is considered likely the local authority must declare an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) and prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) setting out the measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives. This Annual Status Report (ASR) is an annual requirement showing the strategies employed by Southend on Sea Borough Council to improve air quality and any progress that has been made. The statutory air quality objectives applicable to LAQM in England can be found in Table E.1 in Appendix E. LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 Southend-on-Sea Borough Council 8

11 2 Actions to Improve Air Quality 2.1 Air Quality Management Areas Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) are declared when there is an exceedance or likely exceedance of an air quality objective. After declaration, the authority must prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) within 12 months setting out measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of compliance with the objectives. A summary of AQMAs declared by Southend-on-Sea Borough Council can be found in Table 2.1, and a copy of the AQMA Order can be seen in Appendix E. LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 Southend-on-Sea Borough Council 9

12 Table 2.1 Declared Air Quality Management Areas AQMA Name The Bell Junction, A127AQMA Date of Declaration 07 November 2016 Pollutants and Air Quality Objectives Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2 ) Annual Mean City / Town Southend One Line Description An area encompassing a number of properties at the junction of Prince Avenue (east and west), Rochford Road and Hobleythick Lane (THE BELL JUNCTION) extending eastwards including Cuckoo Corner. Is air quality in the AQMA influenced by roads controlled by Highways England? Level of Exceedance (maximum monitored/modelled concentration at a location of relevant exposure) At Declaration Now No Action Plan (inc. date of publication) Final draft completed December Accepted by DEFRA May 2018, to be adopted by Full Council June 2018 Southend Borough Council confirm the information on UK-Air regarding their AQMA(s) is up to date LAQM Annual Status Report

13 2.2 Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in the Borough of Southend Defra s appraisal of last year s ASR concluded that: The Council have recently declared an AQMA for the Bell Junction with the A127 in November 2016, for exceedance of the annual mean objective for properties close to the main road. The declaration followed a Detailed Assessment of the area, there is no record of the DA report being reviewed by Defra. An action plan is to be completed by November The Borough Council continues to monitor for nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) PM 2.5 and O 3 with an emphasis on monitoring close to the A127, where traffic emissions are the main cause of air quality exceedances in the Borough. The Council have committed over the next year to the following actions: Draft an Action Plan by 30 th November 2017 Draft a Low Emission Strategy by end of 2017 Consider further detailed assessments on the A127 at Kent Elms Crossroads, site of a junction development Review the current AQMA boundary and AQ monitoring programme On the basis of the evidence provided by the local authority the conclusions reached are acceptable for all sources and pollutants. The next step for Southend on Sea Borough Council is to complete the actions above and submit their next Annual Status Report in LAQM Annual Status Report

14 Since the last ASR was submitted Southend on Sea Borough Council has taken forward a number of direct measures during the current reporting year of 2017 in pursuit of improving local air quality. Details of all measures completed, in progress or planned are set out in Table 2.2. Key completed measures are: Air Quality Action Plan 2017 final draft. First round of full consultation completed by December Low Emission (Air Quality) Strategy: First draft completed in December Steering Group formed. Southend Intelligence Hub Smart City Journey and Digital Strategy 12 month pilot. Two Detailed Assessments commissioned for Kent Elms A127 junction, and West Street - Victoria Avenue. Southend on Sea Borough Council expects the following measures to be completed over the course of the next reporting year: Air Quality Action Plan 2017 approved by DEFRA in May 2018 and due to be considered at cabinet on June 19 for formal adoption by Southendon-Sea Borough Council. Low Emission (Air Quality) Strategy to be adopted by Council in November Targeted Feasibility Study of the A127 EU non-compliance zone, as a result of a Ministerial Direction served on the Council by DEFRA in March Work commissioned to Ricardo AEA consultants. Stages 1-3 completed in May Clean Bus Technology Fund Bid: 1.1M secured in collaboration with Essex CC, Rochford, Colchester and Chelmsford DCs. Retrofitting to be completed by end of Feasibility Study: Review of The Bell A127 AQMA Junction Infrastructure Design (3 opions). LAQM Annual Status Report

15 Promote National Clean Air Day on 15 June 2018 via a social media campaign. Completed two Detailed Assessments for Kent Elms A127 junction, and West Street - Victoria Avenue by June Review the current AQMA boundary with a view to extending the boundary to include West Street- Victoria Avenue, and the Kent Elms junction. Review current diffusion tube monitoring programme throughout Borough with a view to expansion and/or optimisation. Review and update the Council s website air quality pages. The A127 Kent Elms Corner Junction alterations aimed at improving traffic flow, reducing queue length and congestion. Due for completion November Implement a new Borough Wide Parking and Access Strategy currently in draft format. Continue to progress a number of initiatives from previous years. See Table 2.2. LAQM Annual Status Report

16 Measure No. Planning Phase Table 2.2 Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality Measure EU Category EU Classification Organisations involved and Funding Source Implementa tion Phase Key Performance Indicator Reduction in Pollutant / Emission from Measure Progress to Date Estimated / Actual Completion Date Comments/ Barriers to implementation 1 2 Develop Air Quality Action Plan Develop Low Emission Strategy Policy Guidance and Development Control Policy Guidance and Development Control AQ Planning and Policy Guidance AQ Planning and Policy Guidance Local Authority Funding: Local Authority Funding November 2017 onwards December 2017 Adoption Adoption. Unknown Unknown Final Draft Phase Draft Phase November 2017 December 2017 Final draft, two rounds of formal consultation completed. Accepted by DEFRA May 2018, Accepted by Cabinet 19 June 2018 First draft completed. To be adopted by November A127 Feasibility Study EU non-compliance zone Traffic Management AQ Planning and Policy Guidance LA,, AEA Ricardo and DEFRA-JAQU April tbc N/A tbc Stages 1-3 completed End July 2018 Time restraints, lack of clarity from DEFRA-JAQU 4 5 Clean Bus Technology Fund Application Commission Detailed Assessment at A127 Kent Elms Junction and Victoria Avenue/ West Street Junction Promoting Low Emission Transport Policy Guidance and Development Control Vehicle Retrofitting Programmes AQ Planning and Policy Guidance DEFRA Essex CC, Colchester DC, Chelmsford CC, Rochford DC N/A LA Funding N/A N/A Unknown but possibly to be modelled as part of action 3 above stage 5. Bid successful Scoping Phase End 2018 December M secured in collaboration with Essex CC and local DCs, Implementation of retro-fitting 60 buses during 2018 Both DAs commissioned and due for completion by May Review current AQMA boundary subject to results of DAs Policy Guidance and Development Control AQ Planning and Policy Guidance LA Funding N/A N/A Planning Phase December 2017 Extension of AQMA boundary to be formalised September 2018 LAQM Annual Status Report

17 7 Review current diffusion tube survey with view to expand/optimise. Policy Guidance and Development Control AQ Planning and Policy Guidance LA Funding N/A N/A Planning Phase December 2017 On-going 8 Review and Improve Council AQ Website Pages Policy Guidance and Development Control AQ Planning and Policy Guidance LA Funding N/A N/A Planning Phase December 2017 Overdue, to be review by September A127 Kent Elms Junction Strategic Highway Improvements Traffic Management Strategic Highway Improvements Central Funding N/A On-going Completion Low In Progress September 2017 Due for completion by November Feasibility Study: Review of The Bell A127 AQMA Junction Infrastructure Design. Traffic Management Strategic Highway Improvement LA Funding 2017 Scoping N/A N/A In Progress September 2017 Three scenarios to be considered by December Promote NATIONAL CLEAN AIR DAY Promoting Travel/Public Information Promote Modal shift/raising Awareness LA Funding N/A Completed N/A N/A Completed 15 June 2017 Completed - Lessons learned 12 IDEAS IN MOTION promotion of modal shift Promoting Travel Alternatives/Public Information Promote Alternative Travel Modes LA Funding N/A On-going N/A N/A On-going On-going See AQAP 13 Collaborate with Public Health to identify links between AQ exposure and Incidence Rate of Respiratory Disorder and Mortality especially for PM2.5 Policy Guidance Other Policy LA N/A N/A In Progress November 2017 See AQAP 14 Link AQAP to Joint Strategic Needs Assessment Policy Guidance Other Policy LA N/A N/A In Progress November 2017 On-going through See AQAP 15 SOUTHEND INTELLIGENCE HUB Traffic Management/ Promoting Travel Alternatives UTMC, Smart Traffic Management/ Image Capture LA N/A Unknown In Progress December 2017 Pilot due for completion by December 2018 See AQAP LAQM Annual Status Report

18 16 Seeking various funding Streams for Urban Innovation Promoting Travel Alternatives/Public Information Promote Alternative Travel Modes Mainly EU N/A Not quantifiable Various, In Progress 2019 Success of funding bids. 17 Implement a new Borough Wide Parking and Access Strategy Promoting Travel Alternatives/Public Information Promote Alternative Travel Modes LA N/A N/A Draft In Progress 2019 In Draft LAQM Annual Status Report

19 Whilst the measures stated above and in Table 2 will help to contribute towards compliance, Southend-on-Sea Borough Council anticipates that further additional measures not yet prescribed will be required in subsequent years to achieve compliance and enable the revocation of our AQMA. LAQM Annual Status Report 2018

20 2.3 PM 2.5 Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and/or Concentrations As detailed in Policy Guidance LAQM.PG16 (Chapter 7), local authorities are expected to work towards reducing emissions and/or concentrations of PM 2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less). There is clear evidence that PM 2.5 has a significant impact on human health, including premature mortality, allergic reactions, and cardiovascular diseases. Southend-on-Sea Borough Council monitors PM2.5 at an Urban Background site as part of the national Automatic Urban and Rural Network (AURN). Annual means fluctuate around 10ug/m3, but note that this site is not close to a heavily trafficked road. The Council acknowledges the Public Health Outcomes Framework Indicator 3.01 Fraction of Mortality Attributable to Particulate (PM2.5) Air Pollution in over 25s. For Southend the 2013 mortality rate value is 5.6%, broadly similar to other authorities within the region. The Council also acknowledges the need for a high level policy link between local air quality and Public Health, such as the inclusion of local air quality in the Joint Strategic Needs Assessment (JSNA). Collaboration with Public Health should also aim to identify geographical areas of concern with respect to air quality and the incidence rate of respiratory disease and/or mortality. The Council is taking the following measures to address PM 2.5 : 1. Regular inspections of industrial process permitted by the Council under the national Environmental Permitting regime where combustion and noncombustion processes could lead to anthropogenic emissions of PM Working to deliver major infrastructure and traffic management schemes as well as innovative sustainable travel initiatives. In addition to reduced exhaust emissions, these schemes may reduce non-exhaust particulate emissions from e.g. brake and tyre wear by improving traffic flow and reducing queue lengths. LAQM Annual Status Report

21 3. The Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) plan will incorporate both existing initiatives/good practices as well as new projects aimed at improving local air quality directly or indirectly. 4. Closely linked to and an integral part of the AQAP will be the Low Emission (Air Quality) Strategy by November Promote DEFRA guidance on domestic solid fuel burners, Medium Combustion Plant and new National Clean Air Strategy when finalised. The success of these actions will depend on close collaboration with several other directorates such as Public Health, Strategic Transport Policy, Planning, Energy and Sustainability as well as DEFRA, JAQU and DfT. The Council understand that biomass boilers continue to be proposed for a number of locations within the Borough and through the development control system, will ensure that the installation of these will not be to the detriment of local air quality. LAQM Annual Status Report

22 3 Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives and National Compliance 3.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken Automatic Monitoring Sites This section sets out what monitoring has taken place and how it compares with objectives. As part of the national AURN, continuous automatic monitoring is undertaken at one background site in Southend. Table A.1 in Appendix A shows the details of the site. Results for 2017 are available at A map showing the location of the monitoring site is provided in Appendix D. Further details on how the monitors are calibrated and how the data has been adjusted are included in Appendix C Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites Southend-on-Sea Borough Council undertook non - automatic (passive) monitoring of NO 2 at 25 permanent sites and 8 temporary sites during Table A.2 in Appendix A shows the details of the sites. Maps showing the location of the monitoring sites are provided in Appendix D. Further details on Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) for the diffusion tubes, including bias adjustments are included in Appendix A. 3.2 Individual Pollutants The air quality monitoring results presented in this section are, where relevant, adjusted for bias Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2 ) Table A.3 in Appendix A compares the ratified and adjusted monitored NO 2 annual mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 40µg/m 3. LAQM Annual Status Report

23 For diffusion tubes, the full 2017 dataset of monthly mean values is provided in Appendix B. Exceedances of the annual mean air quality objective for nitrogen dioxide were observed at just two sites in 2017 which was generally a good year for NO 2. These were in or close to the existing AQMA boundary. Table A.5 in Appendix A compares the ratified continuous monitored NO 2 hourly mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 200µg/m 3, not to be exceeded more than 18 times per year. No exceedences of the hourly objective were observed Particulate Matter (PM 2.5 ) Table A.8 in Appendix A presents the ratified and adjusted monitored PM 2.5 annual mean concentrations for the past 5 years. Concentrations have fluctuated between µg/m 3 with a downwards trend observed to Ozone (O 3 ) Table A.6 in Appendix A presents Ozone data from Table A.7 shows measured Ozone concentrations across Concentrations remained reasonably consistent throughout the period illustrated. LAQM Annual Status Report

24 Appendix A: Monitoring Results Table A.1 Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites Site ID Site Name Site Type X OS Grid Ref Y OS Grid Ref Pollutants Monitored In AQMA? Monitoring Technique Distance to Relevant Exposure (m) (1) Distance to kerb of nearest road (m) (2) Inlet Height (m) UKA00409 Chalkwell Park Urban Backgr ound NOx, NO, NO 2 ; O 3, PM 2.5 No Chemiluminescent; UV Absorption; TEOM FDMS N/A (1) 0m if the monitoring site is at a location of exposure (e.g. installed on the façade of a residential property). (2) N/A if not applicable. LAQM Annual Status Report

25 Table A.2 Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites Site ID Site Name Site Type X OS Grid Ref Y OS Grid Ref Pollutants Monitored In AQMA? Distance to Relevant Exposure (m) (1) Distance to kerb of nearest road (m) (2) Tube collocated with a Continuous Analyser? Height (m) SOU21 Victoria Avenue 1 Roadside NO2 No No 2.5 SOU22 West Road Roadside NO2 No No 2.5 SOU24 Eastern Avenue Roadside NO2 No No 2.5 SOU25 Heygate Avenue Roadside NO2 No No 2.5 SOU26 London Road 2 Roadside NO2 No No 2.5 SOU27 London Road 1 Roadside NO2 No No 2.5 SOU28 Prince Avenue 2 Roadside NO2 No No 2.5 SOU29 Abbotts Close Roadside NO2 No No 2.5 SOU30 Manners Way Roadside NO2 No No 2.5 SOU31 Boston Avenue Roadside NO2 No No 2.5 SOU32 Victoria Avenue 2 Roadside NO2 No No 2.5 SOU33 Prince Avenue 1A Roadside NO2 Yes No 2.5 SOU34 Parsons Corner Roadside NO2 No No 2.5 SOU35 Bournes Green Chase Roadside NO2 No No 2.5 SOU36 Eastern Esplanade Roadside NO2 No No 2.5 SOU37 Marine Parade Roadside NO2 No No 2.5 SOU38 West Street Roadside NO2 No No 2.5 SOU39 Victoria Avenue 3 Roadside NO2 No No 2.5 SOU40 London Road 3 Roadside NO2 No No 2.5 LAQM Annual Status Report

26 Site ID Site Name Site Type X OS Grid Ref Y OS Grid Ref Pollutants Monitored In AQMA? Distance to Relevant Exposure (m) (1) Distance to kerb of nearest road (m) (2) Tube collocated with a Continuous Analyser? Height (m) SOU41 London Road 4 Roadside NO2 No No 2.5 SOU42 Broadway, Leigh Roadside NO2 No No 2.5 SOU43 London Road 5 Roadside NO2 No No 2.5 Hamlet Court SOU44 Road 1 Roadside NO2 No No 2.5 Hamlet Court SOU45 Road 2 Roadside NO2 No No 2.5 SOU46 3 Prince Avenue Roadside NO2 No No 2,5 KENT ELMS KE1 KE2 KE3 KE4 KE5 KE6 Library, 1 Rayleigh Road, Leigh Health Centre, 1 Rayleigh Road, Leigh 55 Broomfield Ave, Leigh 332 Bridgewater Drive Bridgewater Dr 327 Bridgewater Drive Roadside NO2 No No 2.5 Roadside NO2 No No 2.5 Roadside NO2 No No 2.5 Roadside NO2 No No 2.5 Roadside NO2 No No 2.5 Roadside NO2 No No 2.5 LAQM Annual Status Report

27 Site ID KE7 KE8 Site Name 685 Prince Ave, Westcliff Essex Auto Group Kent Elms Corner Site Type X OS Grid Ref Y OS Grid Ref Pollutants Monitored In AQMA? Distance to Relevant Exposure (m) (1) Distance to kerb of nearest road (m) (2) Tube collocated with a Continuous Analyser? Height (m) Roadside NO2 No No 2.5 Roadside NO2 No No 2.5 Notes: (1) 0m if the monitoring site is at a location of exposure (e.g. installed on/adjacent to the façade of a residential property). (2) N/A if not applicable. LAQM Annual Status Report

28 Table A.3 Annual Mean NO 2 Monitoring Results Site ID Site Type Monitoring Type UKA Valid Data Capture for Monitoring Period (%) (1) Valid Data Capture 2017 (%) (2) NO 2 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m 3 ) (3) Urban Background Automatic SOU21 Roadside Diffusion Tube SOU22 Roadside Diffusion Tube SOU24 Roadside Diffusion Tube SOU25 Roadside Diffusion Tube SOU26 Roadside Diffusion Tube SOU27 Roadside Diffusion Tube SOU28 Roadside Diffusion Tube SOU29 Roadside Diffusion Tube SOU30 Roadside Diffusion Tube SOU31 Roadside Diffusion Tube SOU32 Roadside Diffusion Tube SOU33 Roadside Diffusion Tube N/A SOU34 Roadside Diffusion Tube N/A N/A SOU35 Roadside Diffusion Tube N/A N/A SOU36 Roadside Diffusion Tube N/A N/A SOU37 Roadside Diffusion Tube N/A N/A SOU38 Roadside Diffusion Tube N/A N/A SOU39 Roadside Diffusion Tube N/A N/A SOU40 Roadside Diffusion Tube N/A N/A SOU41 Roadside Diffusion Tube N/A N/A SOU42 Roadside Diffusion Tube N/A N/A LAQM Annual Status Report

29 Site ID Site Type Monitoring Type Valid Data Capture for Monitoring Period (%) (1) Valid Data Capture 2017 (%) (2) NO 2 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m 3 ) (3) SOU43 Roadside Diffusion Tube N/A N/A SOU44 Roadside Diffusion Tube N/A N/A SOU45 Roadside Diffusion Tube N/A N/A SOU46 Roadside Diffusion Tube N/A N/A N/A KE1 Roadside Diffusion Tube N/A N/A N/A KE2 Roadside Diffusion Tube N/A N/A N/A KE3 Roadside Diffusion Tube N/A N/A N/A KE4 Roadside Diffusion Tube N/A N/A N/A KE5 Roadside Diffusion Tube N/A N/A N/A KE6 Roadside Diffusion Tube N/A N/A N/A KE7 Roadside Diffusion Tube N/A N/A N/A KE8 Roadside Diffusion Tube N/A N/A N/A Diffusion tube data has been bias corrected Notes: Exceedances of the NO 2 annual mean objective of 40µg/m 3 are shown in bold. NO 2 annual means exceeding 60µg/m 3, indicating a potential exceedance of the NO 2 1-hour mean objective are shown in bold and underlined. (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) Means for diffusion tubes have been corrected for bias. All means have been annualised as per Boxes 7.9 and 7.10 in LAQM.TG16 if valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C for details. LAQM Annual Status Report

30 Table A.4 Southend AURN Site Annual Mean NO 2 Data Site ID Site Type Monitoring Type Valid Data Capture for Monitoring Period (%) (1) Valid Data Capture 2016 (%) (2) NO 2 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m 3 ) (3) UKA00409 Urban Background Automatic LAQM Annual Status Report

31 Table A.5 1-Hour Mean NO 2 Monitoring Results Site ID Site Type Monitoring Type Valid Data Capture for Monitoring Period (%) (1) Valid Data Capture 2016 (%) (2) NO 2 1-Hour Means > 200µg/m 3 (3) UKA00409 Urban Background Automatic Notes: Exceedances of the NO 2 1-hour mean objective (200µg/m 3 not to be exceeded more than 18 times/year) are shown in bold. (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) If the period of valid data is less than 85%, the 99.8 th percentile of 1-hour means is provided in brackets. LAQM Annual Status Report

32 Table A.6 Ozone (O 3 ) Monitoring Results Site ID Site Type Valid Data Capture 2017 (%) (2) 2017 Annual Mean (µg/m 3 ) Ozone - Number of Exceedances of the 8-Hour Running Mean (100µg/m 3 ) UKA00409 Urban Background Table A.7 AURN Site Ozone (O 3 ) Monthly Means µg/m Data Capture 100% 99% 96% 99% 100% 100% 100% 95% 99% 94% 100% 99% LAQM Annual Status Report

33 Table A.8 PM 2.5 Monitoring Results Site ID Site Type Valid Data Capture for Monitoring Period (%) (1) PM 2.5 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m 3 ) (3) Valid Data Capture 2017 (%) (2) UKA00409 AURN Urban Background Notes: (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) All means have been annualised as per Boxes 7.9 and 7.10 in LAQM.TG16, valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C for details. LAQM Annual Status Report

34 Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2017 Table B.1 NO 2 Monthly Diffusion Tube Results NO 2 Mean Concentrations (µg/m 3 ) Annual Mean Site ID Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Raw Data Bias Adjusted (0.77) and Annualised (1) Distance Corrected to Nearest Exposure ( 2 ) SOU N/A SOU SOU SOU SOU SOU SOU SOU Missing SOU SOU SOU SOU SOU SOU SOU Missing LAQM Annual Status Report

35 SOU Missing Missing 31.9 Missing 48.1 Missing Annualised SOU Missing SOU SOU Missing SOU n r n r SOU Missing SOU SOU SOU45 n r SOU Kent Elms K K K K K5 n r K K K Local bias adjustment factor used National bias adjustment factor used Annualisation has been conducted where data capture is <75% LAQM Annual Status Report

36 Notes: Exceedances of the NO 2 annual mean objective of 40µg/m 3 are shown in bold. NO 2 annual means exceeding 60µg/m 3, indicating a potential exceedance of the NO 2 1-hour mean objective are shown in bold and underlined. (1) See Appendix C for details on bias adjustment and annualisation. (2) Distance corrected to nearest relevant public exposure. Annualisation Calculation based on Box 7.10 TG16: Annual mean of B1 = 20.25, Period mean of B1 = 19.6 therefore Ra = 1.03 (20.25/19.6) Measured mean of 29.4 X 1.03 = annualised mean LAQM Annual Status Report

37 Appendix B2. Nitrogen Dioxide Trend Graph LAQM Annual Status Report

38 Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC Automatic Monitoring QA/QC The Automatic Monitor that is sited in Chalkwell Park in Southend is part of the AURN (Automatic Urban and Rural Network). The AURN is the UK's largest automatic monitoring network and is the main network used for compliance reporting against the EU Ambient Air Quality Directives. Data ratification is a detailed manual check of the data set carried out on a quarterly basis for the AURN. All calibration data is reviewed in addition to information from analyser services and repairs and any other information available for the particular site or analyser over the whole ratification period. In addition, the results from the independent QA/QC audits are incorporated to take account of any problems detected during the QA/QC audits such as: Manual review of the data to exclude any data from instrument malfunctions or faulty calibrations. Data scaling with the most recent calibration factors. Long-term drift in an ozone instrument calibration. Faulty NOx converters. Drifts in calibration cylinder concentrations. Instrument leaks or flow faults. Faulty instrument configuration. In addition, data ratification also requires the judgement of experienced air quality scientists who will have to consider the validity of data in the light of many things including: Relationships between pollutants. The impact of air pollution episodes. The context of the results in the overall UK pollution climate. National and regional pollutant patterns. Long-term trends. For more information, visit the Defra Air Quality web pages at: LAQM Annual Status Report

39 Diffusion Tubes QA/QC Southend-on-Sea Borough Council undertook monitoring at 25 semi-permanent nitrogen dioxide diffusion tubes sites in The Council also undertook temporary monitoring at 8 additional sites specifically related to road improvements at the A127 Kent Elms Junction. This data has been included in the 2017 summary but not included in the annual trend graph in Appendix C as it is a temporary data set. The diffusion tubes were supplied by Environmental Scientifics Group (ESG Didcot) (UKAS Testing Laboratory number 1015) with a preparation method of 50% triethanolamine (TEA) in Acetone. Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factors Southend-on-Sea Borough Council does not operate a co-location site therefore the national bias adjustment figure was used for calculating the diffusion tube results. The Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factors Spreadsheet for March 2017 identified that for ESG (Didcot) 50% TEA in acetone diffusion tubes in 2017, a bias adjustment factor of 0.77 should be used. This was derived from orthogonal regression analysis of 23 studies. LAQM Annual Status Report

40 Appendix D: Map(s) of Monitoring Locations and AQMAs (See next page) LAQM Annual Status Report

41 Figure D.1 Map of Monitoring Locations LAQM Annual Status Report

42 Figure D.2 New Diffusion Tube Site SOU 46 LAQM Annual Status Report

43 Figure D.3 Map of The Bell Junction A127 Southend AQMA and Order LAQM Annual Status Report

44 Appendix E: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England Table E.1 Air Quality Objectives in England Pollutant Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2 ) Particulate Matter (PM 10 ) Sulphur Dioxide (SO 2 ) Air Quality Objective 4 Concentration Measured as 200 µg/m 3 not to be exceeded more than 18 times a year 1-hour mean 40 µg/m 3 Annual mean 50 µg/m 3, not to be exceeded more than 35 times a year 24-hour mean 40 µg/m 3 Annual mean 350 µg/m 3, not to be exceeded more than 24 times a year 1-hour mean 125 µg/m 3, not to be exceeded more than 3 times a year 24-hour mean 266 µg/m 3, not to be exceeded more than 35 times a year 15-minute mean LAQM Annual Status Report

45 Glossary of Terms Abbreviation AQAP AQMA ASR AURN Defra DMRB EU FDMS LAQM NO 2 NO x Description Air Quality Action Plan - A detailed description of measures, outcomes, achievement dates and implementation methods, showing how the local authority intends to achieve air quality limit values Air Quality Management Area An area where air pollutant concentrations exceed / are likely to exceed the relevant air quality objectives. AQMAs are declared for specific pollutants and objectives Air quality Annual Status Report Automatic Urban and Rural Network Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Design Manual for Roads and Bridges Air quality screening tool produced by Highways England European Union Filter Dynamics Measurement System Local Air Quality Management Nitrogen Dioxide Nitrogen Oxides PM 10 Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10µm (micrometres or microns) or less PM 2.5 QA/QC SO 2 TEA UKAS Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less Quality Assurance and Quality Control Sulphur Dioxide Triethanolamine substance used in diffusion tube for absorbing nitrogen dioxide United Kingdom Accreditation Service LAQM Annual Status Report

46 References Cycle Southend website available at; Defra Air Quality web pages available at: Defra Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factors Spreadsheet available at; _Final_v2.xls Defra LAQM Summary of Laboratory Performance in AIR NO 2 PT Scheme available at; February-2016)-NO2-report.pdf Defra LAQM Policy Guidance LAQM.PG16 available at; Defra LAQM Technical Guidance LAQM.TG16 available at; Defra Nitrogen Dioxide Fall-Off with Distance Calculator available at; Essex Air Quality Consortium available at; EssexCarShare.com available at; Essex Air Twitter Feed available at; Ideas in Motion Southend website available at Just Ride Southend website available at; London Southend Airport Surface Access Strategy 2014 available at bility/pdfdownloads/airport-surface-access-strategy.pdf Public Health Outcomes Framework Indicator 3.01 available at; LAQM Annual Status Report

47 Southend-on-Sea Borough Council Detailed Assessment 2016 Southend-on-Sea Borough Council Annual Status Reports 2016 and 2017 Southend-on-Sea Borough Council Local Plan available at; Southend-on-Sea Borough Council Local Transport Plan available at; ders/343/local_transport_plans LAQM Annual Status Report