2018 Air Quality Annual Status Report (ASR)

Transcription

1 2018 Air Quality Annual Status Report (ASR) In fulfilment of Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management 6th June 2018

2 Local Authority Officer Tony Meech Department Address Environmental Health Basildon Centre, St Martins Square, Basildon, Essex, SS14 1DL Telephone Report Reference Number BAS/ASR2018 Date 8 th June 2018 Written by Scientific Team Public Health & Protection Services Chelmsford City Council Duke Street Chelmsford Essex Cm1 1JE Tim Savage

3 Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area This 2018 Annual Status Report is designed to provide the public with information relating to local air quality in Basildon, to fulfil s statutory duty to review and assess air quality within its area, and to determine whether or not the air quality objectives are likely to be achieved. In 2017, there was no measured exceedances of Air Quality Objectives set down under Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) requirements. A graph can be found in Appendix A that shows monitoring results from 2012 to This long-term chart shows that measured concentrations of Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) are declining. Air Quality in Basildon Air pollution is associated with a number of adverse health impacts. It is recognised as a contributing factor in the onset of heart disease and cancer. Additionally, air pollution particularly affects the most vulnerable in society: children and older people, and those with heart and lung conditions. There is also often a strong correlation with equalities issues, because areas with poor air quality are also often the less affluent areas 1,2. The annual health cost to society of the impacts of particulate matter alone in the UK is estimated to be around 16 billion 3. The borough of Basildon comprises the urban areas of Basildon, Billericay and Wickford as well as rural villages and settlements set among the surrounding countryside. The main source of air pollution in the borough is from traffic emissions, particularly along the A127 and A13 major routes and at the key junctions of A13/A130 Sadlers Farm junction, A127/A132 Nevendon Interchange and A127 Pipps Hill Interchange. 1 Environmental equity, air quality, socioeconomic status and respiratory health, Air quality and social deprivation in the UK: an environmental inequalities analysis, Defra. Abatement cost guidance for valuing changes in air quality, May 2013 i

4 UK Air Quality Plan for Nitrogen Dioxide (2017) For the purposes of the UK Air Quality Plan for nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Defra undertook modelling to estimate NO2 concentrations in the different local authority areas in the UK. This modelling predicts that in Basildon, EU limit values are being exceeded on the A127 near the Fortune of War Junction, and forecasts that they will be exceeded up to around Along the A127, there are other predicted exceedences at the Rayleigh Weir Junction in the borough of Rochford and on the A127 in Southend. Figure i.1 - A127 Modelled Exceedances and Monitoring Locations Figure i.2 - Modelled Exceedances on the A127 in Basildon ii

5 Air quality at this location is not within the remit of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) but the Council has been working with Essex County Council (the Highway Authority) and neighbouring Rochford District Council to develop a Strategic Outline Case for an Air Quality Management Plan for the A127 by 29 th March 2018 and to submit the final business case to Defra by 31 st December Actions to Improve Air Quality Essex County Council, as the Local Highway Authority, are pursuing a number of specific projects in and around Basildon in order to support sustainable travel choices and reduce congestion on strategic routes. Most notably, they are: Working with Basildon Council to deliver the transport components of the Basildon Town Centre Masterplan. This is being funded using the Basildon Integrated Transport Package secured from SELEP. The Basildon Integrated Transport Package is also being used to secure a bus link within the A127 Enterprise Corridor, linking Endeavour Drive with the Mayflower Retail Park. Updating the A127 Corridor for Growth Strategy, and securing funding for congestion relieving projects along its route. The Nevendon Junction has recently been upgraded to provide additional capacity, and 27m has been secured to fund improvements to the Fairglen Interchange junction which is described below. Options are being considered for the Fortune of War Junction. iii

6 A127 / A130 Fairglen Interchange The Fairglen Interchange lies at the boundaries of Basildon, Castle Point and Rochford Councils. The junction forms a strategic connection between the A127, A13, A130 and A1245 roads. The interchange experiences high levels of congestion during peak periods and high volumes of traffic at other times. Essex County Council is in the process of consulting on planned improvements to the junction: A new Southend Link Road linking the A130 southbound to a new signalised junction on the A1245, where traffic must turn right (southbound) Widened slip roads on most of the arms of the Fairglen Interchange roundabout Additional and/or longer slip lanes on both A127 on-slip roads Improvements at the Rayleigh Spur roundabout, including new traffic lights and an additional lane on the roundabout itself A new bridge for pedestrians and cyclists linking existing routes alongside the A127. Figure i.3 - Proposed Improvements to A127 / A130 Fairglen Interchange Congestion at the junction can significantly influence vehicle speeds and traffic flows on the A127, potentially contributing to the modelled exceedances. iv

7 Local Engagement and How to get Involved Basildon Council is a member of the Essex Air Quality consortium. The purpose of the Essex Air is to promote improvements in air quality related issues. The Essex Air web site provides a daily forecast of air pollution. Also, twitter feed provides localised weekly air pollution forecasts. Figure i.4 Essex Air Twitter Air Quality Notifications Links to Defra recommended actions and health advice are provided when air pollution is likely to be moderate or higher. This will enable those with heart or lung conditions, or other breathing problems to make informed judgements about their levels of activity or exposure. Essex County Council has worked closely with Liftshare to develop the Essex Car Share scheme. This operates across Basildon and provides commuters with a car sharing service which could cut congestion and air pollution whilst saving money. v

8 Table of Contents Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area... i Air Quality in Basildon... i Actions to Improve Air Quality... iii Local Engagement and How to get Involved... v 1 Local Air Quality Management Actions to Improve Air Quality Air Quality Management Areas Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in Basildon PM 2.5 Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and/or Concentrations Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives and National Compliance Summary of Monitoring Undertaken Automatic Monitoring Sites Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites Individual Pollutants Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)... 5 Appendix A: Monitoring Results... 6 Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Results for Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC Appendix D: Map(s) of Monitoring Locations and AQMAs Appendix E: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England Glossary of Terms References vi

9 List of Tables Table 2.1 Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality... 3 Table A.1 Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites... 6 Table A.2 Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Sites... 7 Table B.1 NO2 Monthly Diffusion Results Table C.1 AIR PT Results Table E.1 Air Quality Objectives in England List of Figures Figure i.1 A127 Modelled Exceedances and Monitoring Locations... ii Figure i.2 Modelled Exceedances on the A127 in Basildon... ii Figure i.3 Proposed Improvements to the A127 / A130 Fairglen Interchange... iv Figure i.4 Essex Air Twitter Air Quality Notifications... v Figure A.1 Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations... 9 Figure D.1 Diffusion Monitoring Locations Dunton & Laindon Figure D.2 Diffusion Monitoring Locations Pitsea Figure D.3 Diffusion Monitoring Locations Basildon Figure D.4 Diffusion Monitoring Location Wickford vii

10 1 Local Air Quality Management This report provides an overview of air quality in Basildon during It fulfils the requirements of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) as set out in Part IV of the Environment Act (1995) and the relevant Policy and Technical Guidance documents. The LAQM process places an obligation on all local authorities to regularly review and assess air quality in their areas, and to determine whether or not the air quality objectives are likely to be achieved. Where an exceedance is considered likely the local authority must declare an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) and prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) setting out the measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives. This Annual Status Report (ASR) is an annual requirement showing the strategies employed by to improve air quality and any progress that has been made. The statutory air quality objectives applicable to LAQM in England can be found in Table E.1 in Appendix E. 1

11 2 Actions to Improve Air Quality 2.1 Air Quality Management Areas Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) are declared when there is an exceedance or likely exceedance of an air quality objective. After declaration, the authority must prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) within months setting out measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of compliance with the objectives. Basildon currently does not have any AQMAs. For reference, maps of Basildon District Councils monitoring locations can be found in Appendix D. 2.2 Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in Basildon The 2017 ASR reported the A127/A132 Nevendon Interchange improvement scheme which was designed to manage congestion at the Nevendon roundabout and improve A127 journey times and access to Basildon and Wickford via the A132 Nevendon Interchange. This scheme has now been completed. Previously reported improvement works to the Wickford Rail Station forecourt have also been completed. The investment by Essex County Council provides an additional exit lane at the Station Approach junction with Station Avenue allowing easier access for buses, taxis, cyclists and pedestrians. The smaller central island allows vehicles to manoeuvre around the forecourt more easily. Motorcyclists and cyclists also benefit from more parking bays provided outside the station. The scheme formed part of the Basildon Integrated Transport package in partnership with Greater Anglia, aiming to increase sustainable travel by improving transport links and improving station accessibility. Details of all measures completed, in progress or planned are set out in Table 2.1 below. 2

12 Table 2.1 Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality Measure No Measure A120/A130 Fairglen Interchange Improvements Basildon Integrated Transport Package Essex Liftshare Member of Essex Air Environmental Permit Inspection & Enforcement Smoke Controlled Zones EU Category Transport Planning and Infrastructure Transport Planning and Infrastructure Alternatives to private vehicle use Policy Guidance and Development Control Environmental Permits Policy Guidance and Development Control EU Classification Public transport improvementsinterchanges stations and services Public transport improvementsinterchanges stations and services Car & lift sharing schemes Regional Groups Co-ordinating programmes to develop Area wide Strategies to reduce emissions and improve air quality Measures to reduce pollution through IPPC Permits going beyond BAT Low Emissions Strategy Organisations involved and Funding Source Basildon Borough Council Essex County Council SELEP Basildon Borough Council Essex County Council SELEP Essex County Council Planning Phase Implementation Phase N/A 2014 Key Performance Indicator Congestion Reduction Congestion Reduction Number of Users Reduction in Pollutant / Emission from Measure Progress to Date Estimated / Actual Completion Date N/A Consultation Not Known N/A Works planed & funding secured 2021 N/A Ongoing N/A Essex Air N/A N/A N/A N/A Ongoing N/A Basildon Council Basildon Council N/A N/A Operator compliance with Environmental Permit N/A Ongoing N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Ongoing N/A Comments / Barriers to implementation Transport components of the Basildon Town Centre Masterplan 7 Nevendon Interchange Scheme Traffic Management UTC, Congestion management, traffic reduction Essex County Council Manage congestion N/A Complete Wickford Rail Station Transport Planning and Infrastructure Public transport improvementsinterchanges stations and services Essex County Council Improve vehicle access & cycle facilities N/A Complete

13 2.3 PM2.5 Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and/or Concentrations As detailed in Policy Guidance LAQM.PG16 (Chapter 7), local authorities are expected to work towards reducing emissions and/or concentrations of PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less). There is clear evidence that PM2.5 has a significant impact on human health, including premature mortality, allergic reactions, and cardiovascular diseases. Basildon Council does not monitor PM2.5 concentrations however notes the Public Health Outcomes Framework indicator 3.01 Fraction of mortality attributable to particulate (PM2.5) air pollution which for 2016 gave a value of 5.6% which has increased from 5.5% in These values are broadly similar to other authorities within the region. Basildon Council is taking the following measures to address PM2.5: Regular inspections of permitted industry where combustion and noncombustion processes could lead to anthropogenic emissions of PM2.5. Working with Essex County Council (highway authority) to deliver Major Transport improvement Schemes to alleviate congestion. In addition to reduced exhaust emissions, these schemes will reduce non-exhaust emissions from brake and tyre wear by making traffic flows smoother. Under the Clean Air Act 1993, has declared the whole borough as a Smoke Control Area. 4

14 3 Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives and National Compliance 3.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken This section sets out what monitoring has taken place and how it compares with objectives. In 2017, measured no exceedances of the Air Quality Objectives Automatic Monitoring Sites does not undertake any automatic pollution monitoring Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites undertook non-automatic (passive) monitoring of NO2 at 14 sites during Table A. in Appendix A provides details of the sites. Maps showing the location of the monitoring sites are provided in Appendix D. Details of Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) for the diffusion tubes, including bias adjustments and other adjustments applied (e.g. annualisation and/or distance correction), are included in Appendix C. 3.2 Individual Pollutants The air quality monitoring results presented in this section are, where relevant, adjusted for bias, annualisation. Monitoring results corrected for distance can be found in Appendix B. Details about these adjustments are provided in Appendix C Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Table A. in Appendix A compares the ratified and adjusted monitored NO2 annual mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 40µg/m 3. A chart of these results can also be found in Appendix A. For diffusion tubes, the full 2017 dataset of raw monthly values is provided in Appendix B. No annual mean diffusion tube measurement has exceeded 60µg/m 3 which indicates that there has been no exceedance of the 1-hour mean objective at these sites. 5

15 Appendix A: Monitoring Results Table A.1 Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites Notes: Site ID Site Name Site Type X OS Grid Ref Y OS Grid Ref Pollutants Monitored In AQMA? Distance to Relevant Exposure (m) (1) Distance to kerb of nearest road (m) (2) collocated with a Continuous Analyser? BA001 Pound Lane Laindon Kerbside NO2 No No 2 BA002 High Road Laindon Roadside NO2 No No 2 BA003 Honiley Ave Kerbside NO2 No No 2 BA005 Essex Park A132 Roadside NO2 No No 2 BA006 The Meads Kerbside NO2 No No 2 BA Merricks Urban Lane Background NO2 No 0 9 No 2 BA008 Panadown Urban Background NO2 No No 2 BA009 Delimands Urban Background NO2 No No 2 BA010 AQS Roadside NO2 No No 2 BA015 Harold Gardens Roadside NO2 No No 2 BA016 Nevedon Road Kerbside NO2 No No 2 BA017 Honeypot Urban Lane Background NO2 No No 2 Dunton BA018 Caravan Kerbside NO2 No N/A 1.0 No 2 Park BA019 West Mayne Kerbside NO2 No N/A 1.0 No 2 (1) 0m if the monitoring site is at a location of exposure (e.g. installed on/adjacent to the façade of a residential property). (2) N/A if not applicable. Height (m) 6

16 Table A.2 Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Results Site ID Site Type Monitoring Type Valid Data Capture for Monitoring Period (%) (1) Valid Data Capture 2017 (%) (2) NO 2 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m 3 ) (3) BA001 BA002 BA003 BA005 BA006 BA007 BA008 BA009 BA010 BA015 BA016 BA017 BA018 BA019 Kerbside Roadside Kerbside Roadside Kerbside Urban Background Urban Background Urban Background Roadside Roadside Kerbside Urban Background Kerbside Kerbside Diffusion Diffusion Diffusion Diffusion Diffusion Diffusion Diffusion Diffusion Diffusion Diffusion Diffusion Diffusion Diffusion Diffusion

17 Diffusion tube data has been bias corrected Annualisation has been conducted where data capture is <75% Notes: Exceedances of the NO2 annual mean objective of 40µg/m 3 are shown in bold. NO2 annual means exceeding 60µg/m 3, indicating a potential exceedance of the NO2 1-hour mean objective are shown in bold and underlined. (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) Means for diffusion tubes have been corrected for bias. All means have been annualised as per Boxes 7.9 and 7.10 in LAQM.TG16 if valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C for details. 8

18 Figure A.1 Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations 9

19 Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Results for 2017 Table B.1 NO2 Monthly Diffusion Results 2017 NO 2 Mean Concentrations (µg/m 3 ) Annual Mean Site ID Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Raw Data Bias Adjusted (0.77) and Annualised (1) Distance Corrected to Nearest Exposure ( 2 ) BA BA BA BA Missing BA BA BA BA BA BA BA BA BA N/A BA N/A 10

20 National bias adjustment factor used Where applicable, data has been distance corrected for relevant exposure Notes: Exceedances of the NO2 annual mean objective of 40µg/m 3 are shown in bold. NO2 annual means exceeding 60µg/m 3, indicating a potential exceedance of the NO2 1-hour mean objective are shown in bold and underlined. (1) See Appendix C for details on bias adjustment and annualisation. (2) Distance corrected to nearest relevant public exposure. 11

21 Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC Diffusion s QA/QC Basildon Council undertook monitoring at 14 nitrogen dioxide diffusion tubes sites in The diffusion tubes were supplied by Environmental Scientifics Group (ESG Didcot) (UKAS Testing Laboratory number 1015) with a preparation method of 50% triethanolamine (TEA) in Acetone. The AIR NO2 proficiency testing scheme found that the laboratory achieved the following percentage of results determined as satisfactory for 2017: Table C.1 AIR PT Results 2017 AIR PT Round AIR PT AR018 AIR PT AR019 AIR PT AR021 AIR PT AR022 Round January April May July August September conducted February October 2017 in the period 2017 ESG Didcot 100% 100% 100% 100% Diffusion Bias Adjustment Factors Basildon Council uses the national bias adjustment figure for calculating diffusion tubes results. The Diffusion Bias Adjustment Factors Spreadsheet 03/18 identified that for ESG (Didcot) 50% TEA in acetone diffusion tubes in 2017, a bias adjustment factor of 0.77 should be used. This was derived from orthogonal regression analysis of 27 studies. 12

22 Point Sources No significant new point sources of emissions have been identified. NO2 Fall Off Estimation Diffusion tube monitoring shown in Table B.1 in Appendix B has been adjusted for NO2 falloff between the monitoring location and the point of relevant exposure. Using the equation from the Air Quality Consultants NO2 Concentrations and Distance from Roads (2008) report a custom Excel spreadsheet has been developed to derive the NO2 concentrations at relevant exposure from the measured annual mean concentrations and using 2017 NO2 background maps. Estimated Annual Mean at Relevant Exposure: Cz = ((Cy-Cb) / ( x Ln(Dy) )) x ( *Ln(Dz) ) + Cb Where: Cz is the total predicted concentration (μg/m 3 ) at distance Dz; Cy is the total measured concentration (μg/m 3 ) at distance Dy; Cb is the background concentration (μg/m 3 ); Dy is the distance from the kerb at which concentrations were measured; Dz is the distance from the kerb (m) at which concentrations are to be predicted; and Ln(D) is the natural log of the number D 13

23 Appendix D: Map(s) of Monitoring Locations and AQMAs Figure D.1 Diffusion Monitoring Locations Dunton & Laindon 14

24 Figure D.2 Diffusion Monitoring Locations Pitsea 15

25 Figure D.3 Diffusion Monitoring Locations Basildon 16

26 Figure D.4 Diffusion Monitoring Locations Wickford 17

27 Appendix E: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England Table E.1 Air Quality Objectives in England Pollutant Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Particulate Matter (PM10) Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) Air Quality Objective 4 Concentration Measured as 200 µg/m 3 not to be exceeded more than 18 times a year 1-hour mean 40 µg/m 3 Annual mean 50 µg/m 3, not to be exceeded more than 35 times a year 24-hour mean 40 µg/m 3 Annual mean 350 µg/m 3, not to be exceeded more than 24 times a year 1-hour mean 125 µg/m 3, not to be exceeded more than 3 times a year 24-hour mean 266 µg/m 3, not to be exceeded more than 35 times a year 15-minute mean 4 The units are in microgrammes of pollutant per cubic metre of air (µg/m 3 ). 18

28 Glossary of Terms Abbreviation AQAP AQMA ASR Defra DVSA EU EV LAQM NO2 NOx PM2.5 QA/QC SELEP TEA UKAS Description Air Quality Action Plan - A detailed description of measures, outcomes, achievement dates and implementation methods, showing how the local authority intends to achieve air quality limit values Air Quality Management Area An area where air pollutant concentrations exceed / are likely to exceed the relevant air quality objectives. AQMAs are declared for specific pollutants and objectives Air Quality Annual Status Report Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency European Union Electric Vehicle Local Air Quality Management Nitrogen Dioxide Nitrogen Oxides Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less Quality Assurance and Quality Control South East Local Enterprise Partnership Triethanolamine. The absorbing substance used in diffusion tubes measuring Nitrogen Dioxide United Kingdom Accreditation Service 19

29 References Air Quality Consultants (AQC) NO2 Concentrations and Distance from Roads (2008) available at; Basildon Council Local Plan available at; Defra Diffusion Bias Adjustment Factors Spreadsheet available at; Bias_Factors_v03_18%2 0FINAL.xls Defra LAQM Summary of Laboratory Performance in AIR NO2 PT Scheme available at; Defra PG.16 Air Quality Policy Guidance available at; Defra TG.16 Air Quality Technical Guidance available at; Essex Air Quality Consortium available at: EssexCarShare.com available at: Essex Air Twitter Feed available at: Essex County Council Major Schemes in Basildon available at: Developments/Major-Schemes.aspx Public Health Outcomes Framework Indicator 3.01 available at; SELEP Basildon Integrated Transport Package available at; UK Air Quality Plan for tackling roadside NO2 concentrations: in-uk-2017 UK-AIR Background Mapping Data for Local Authorities available at; 20