Linking ecosystem services and human wellbeing in practice: The Coastal Futures Approach

Transcription

1 Linking ecosystem services and human wellbeing in practice: The Coastal Futures Approach Malte Busch, Kira Gee, Marcus Lange, Benjamin Burkhard, Nico Stelljes leisure time income security renewable energy education climate regulation aesthetics personal Vestas Central Europe food, fisheries, employment 9 June, 2010

2 Research question: How to conceptualise the link between ecosystem services and human wellbeing? What constitutes human? Which ecosystem services relate to which components of human?

3 Content: State of offshore wind farms development Scenario Impacted ecosystem services Human and quality of life Linking ecosystem services and human Examples for linkages of ES and HWB Discussion / Conclusions

4 State of OWF development: high mitigation potential ascribed to offshore wind energy in relation to the climate change debate large scale development activities are planned realisation currently starting Operational OWFs in Europe (end 2009) country Belgium Denmark Finland Germany No. of OWFs Installed capacity 30 MW 639,15 MW 24 MW 42 MW OWF expansion in Europe Ireland Netherlands ,2 MW 246,8 MW MW Norway 1 2,3 MW MW Sweden 5 163,65 MW ~1000 MW expected UK total ,8 MW 2055,9 MW Source: EWEA

5 North Sea: German EEZ without OWFs German EEZ with approved OWFs Scenario: strong enforcement of offshore wind farm development according to the plans of the German federal government Scenario 2030 according to the German government Geplanter Ausbau bis 2030 nach Vorgaben der Bundesregierung Total power MW Gesamtleistung MW (source: Burkhard 2008) (Quelle: Burkhard 2008) North Sea primarily used as energy park (~ MW till 2030)

6 Determinants of Human Ecological integrity Energy cycling Nutrient cycling Storage capacity Minimization of nutrient loss Abiotic heterogeneity Biotic diversity Organization Regulating ecosystem services Climate regulation Sea bed control Water purification and waste treatment Storm protection Provisioning ecosystem services Food (fishery / co use mariculture) Wind energy Biochemicals Cultural ecosystem services Aesthetics Beauty of landscape Sense of place Cultural heritage Habitat and species value Regional image Inspiration Informal education Knowledge systems Recreation Income Employment Housing Infrastructure Safety Personal Nutrition Demography Health Education Leisure time Social relations Economic Social

7 Human = Quality of life Determinants of Human Income Employment Objective living conditions Subjective wellbeing Housing Infrastructure Economic society level economic situation, state of public sector individual level personal perception and experiences Safety Personal Nutrition Demography statistical data & infrastructure as proxy measure immaterial values empirical data Health Education Leisure time Social Social relations

8 Linking ecosystem services and human wellbeing: Step1: Identify ES impacted by OWF development Step 2: construct direct connections between ES and objective or subjective aspects of human and define indicators Step 3: Discuss and rate those connections Ecosystem Services Global climate regulation Provision of food Provision of energy Aesthetics/beauty of Landscape Image of the region/recreation Species and habitat value

9 Interrelations identified: Components of Human Income Ecosystem Services Global climate regulation Provision of food Provision of energy Aesthetics/beauty of Landscape Image of the region/recreation Species and habitat value Employment Housing Infrastructure Safety Personal Nutrition Demography Health Education Leisure time Economic Social Social relations

10 Example: ES Energy - Employment Ecosystem Services Global climate regulation Provision of food Provision of energy Aesthetics/beauty of Landscape Determinants of Human Income Employment Housing Infrastructure Safety Personal Nutrition Economic Image of the region/recreation Species and habitat value Demography Health Education Leisure time Social Social relations

11 Example: ES wind energy - employment Cumulated employment effects of offshore wind energy in the 'West Coast' region of SH until 2030 assuming a maximum regional share of the wind energy value chain Person Years (2000) Scenarios Scenrio 'Little Implementation' 'Modest Implementation' 'High Implementation' Investment wind energy O&M wind energy Income multiplier wind Conentional electricity replaced Income multiplier conv. electricity Consumption change Income multiplier consumption Net effect

12 Example: ES Aesthetics Personal Ecosystem Services Global climate regulation Provision of food Provision of energy Aesthetics/beauty of Landscape Determinants of Human Income Employment Housing Infrastructure Safety Personal Nutrition Economic Image of the region/recreation Species and habitat value Demography Health Education Leisure time Social Social relations

13 Example: ES Aesthetics Personal How important is for your life at the west coast of Schleswig-Holstein? (n = 387) (other values not shown here) very important not important clean water, air, beach and tidal flat healthy, diverse animal and plant community attractive landscape wide, open horizon untouched nature spend leisure time at the coast or sea challenging employment economic growth new industries and technology attraction of profitable companies and industry 87 % 72 % 58 % 56 % 40 % 38 % 32 % 23 % 16,5 % 13 % 0% 0 % 2,5 % 4 % 3 % 3 % 6 % 7,5 % 26 % 33 %

14 Discussion: It proofed to be possible to construct strong/direct causal chains and a large amount of indirect ones Other development have a much stronger impacts on the chosen determinants (demographic change, global economy) A degree of subjectivity may well be an inherent feature of human assessments Results influenced by the scale chosen for assessment and the scenario used as a baseline

15 Conclusion: Ecosystem service approach a valuable tool to analyse and estimate expected impacts of OWFs Interrelation between environmental change (via OWFs) and aspects of human could be shown on a conceptual basis Impacts of offshore wind farming can affect human through a multitude of routes. Both, at the level of objective conditions and subjective sense of Changes in the marine environment result in impacts at considerable distance and clearly indicate landocean interactions

16 Thank you for your attention!

17 References: BBR (eds.) (2005): Raumordnungsbericht Selbstverlag des Bundesamtes für Bauwesen und Raumordnung, Bonn. Cummins R., Gullone E. & Lau A. (2002): A model of subjective homeostasis: The role of personality - The Universality of subjective wellbeing indicators. Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, pp Fürntrapp-Klopp, E. F. (1995): Quality of Life - from a common people's point of view. Köln. Glatzer, W. & Zapf, W. (eds) (1984): Lebensqualität in der Bundesrepublik. Objektive Lebensbedingungen und subjektives Wohlbefinden. Frankfurt a.m./new York. Licht-Eggert, K., Froh, C., Büsch, I. & Bruns, A. (2007): Lebensqualität und soziale Infrastruktur an der schleswig-holsteinischen Westküste, Bericht zum Social State in den Szenarien von Coastal Futures, Ansatz zur Beschreibung der Lebensqualität und Überblick über den vorhandenen Status Quo an der Westküste Schleswig-Holsteins sowie Rahmenbedingungen für Veränderungen in der sozialen Infrastruktur. Coastal Futures Project Report, Mai MA (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment) (2003): Ecosystems and Human Well-being. A framework for assessment. Island Press, Washington DC. Majer, H. (eds.) (1984): Qualitatives Wachstum. Einführung in Konzeptionen der Lebensqualität. Campus Verlag, Frankfurt a.m./new York. Maslow, A. (1954): Motivation and personality. Harper and Row New York, New York. Ruppert, K. & Schaffer, F. (1969): Zur Konzeption der Sozialgeographie. - Geographische Rundschau 21. Braunschweig, pp