Action plans and methodology in local level. Kostas Komninos, mechanical engineer, NTUA ios-aegean energy agency

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1 Action plans and methodology in local level Kostas Komninos, mechanical engineer, NTUA ios-aegean energy agency

2 Structure of the presentation Covenant of Mayors signing members from the Aegean islands region The acting levels within the Covenant of Mayors The 1 st year commitments The special characteristics of the Aegean islands region Methodology for the SEAPs The baseline emission inventory template Assumptions and main choices The emission inventory approach The emission factors Initial SEAP approach The case of Ios Concluding remarks Questions Kostas Komninos 2

3 Covenant of Mayors signing members from the Aegean islands region 1. Municipality of Hydra 2. Municipality of Ios 3. Municipality of Kea 4. Municipality of Korthi (Andros isl.) 5. Municipality of Leipsoi 6. Municipality of Milos 7. Municipality of Moudros (Lemnos isl.) 8. Municipality of Nisyros 9. Community of Oia (Santorini isl.) 10. Municipality of Poseidonia (Syros isl.) 11. Municipality of Skyros Hydra Leipsoi Nisyros Kostas Komninos 3

4 The acting levels within the Covenant of Mayors 1 st Level: The European level Covenant of Mayors Office (CoMO) and Joint Research Center (JRC) collaboration providing guidelines for Sustainable Energy Action Plans (SEAPs) development and support ISLE-PACT providing funds 2 nd Level: The Transition level Where we act Supporting structures in the country members bringing the European knowledge to the local level. DAFNI & ios-aegean energy agency assists the local authorities to reach their commitments. 3 rd Level: The Local level The local authorities acting in a multi-disciplinary way Consumer Supplier Advisor Promoter Kostas Komninos 4

5 The 1 st year commitments: 1. Signing of the Covenant (Feb 09)? 2. Creating local administrative structures to deal with the Covenant? 3. Inventory of the baseline CO 2 emissions. 4. Prepare a Sustainable Energy Action Plan (SEAP) 5. Submit the SEAP, including the baseline emission inventory, within a year of the signing (Feb 10) Where do we stand now? 2,3 4 Kostas Komninos 5

6 The special characteristics of the Aegean islands region A. People Not urban municipal profile (not the common case of CoM). Small towns and settlements with a few people. Strong connection of the citizens with their land. Common case the not in my backyard syndrome. The consent and collaboration of the locals is crucial. Developing life standards result to an increasing trend of the energy consumption. (Greece is considered by the Kyoto protocol as less developed EU country allowing a 25% increase to GHG emissions until 2012). Domestic immigration flow from the urban areas of the mainland towards the islands (increasing energy consumption). Touristic destinations leading to high population fluctuation because of seasonal residents (most of the cases at least triplicated during summer months). Kostas Komninos 6

7 The special characteristics of the Aegean islands region B. Energy Environment (1) In most of the cases the islands are autonomous or a part of an autonomous electrical system supplied from conventional electricity units (diesel) located on the island or a nearby bigger island. Future plans and scenarios for interconnection of some of the electrical autonomous islands to the mainland electrical system would change the energy profile of the island. Plenty of free area in comparison with urban municipalities (in many cases municipal area) providing potential for RES applications. However, land-planning restrictions can result to site constraints. Close distance to the sea offering potential for several applications (high wind potential, desalination, district cooling...). Kostas Komninos 7

8 The special characteristics of the Aegean islands region B. Energy Environment (2) Shortage of water in many cases, leading to imports of water with vessels. The autonomous character of the islands makes it essential to provide all the primary sector facilities (energy consuming) within the borders of the island: Solid waste treatment (recycling, ) Water waste treatment (biological waste water cleaning units, ) Drills to exploit the underground water or desalination units Most of the municipalities are still under development of these units. Areas of particular natural beauty (Natura, natural parks, rare flora and fauna ). Kostas Komninos 8

9 The special characteristics of the Aegean islands region C. Administrative Small municipalities with limited abilities of widespread actions in relation to the Covenant. However, it is easier and more direct to take decisions and act. In most of the cases not existing employees with specialized skills to deal with the Covenant. In most of the cases not-existing or lately developed database with energy consumption records. Logistics constraints (roads, ports, ) Higher investment cost Kostas Komninos 9

10 Methodology for the SEAPs: The baseline emission inventory template (1) A. Final Energy Consumption B. CO2 or CO2 equivalent emissions Kostas Komninos 10

11 Methodology for the SEAPs: The baseline emission inventory template (2) C. Local electricity production and corresponding CO 2 emissions D. Local heat/cold production (district heating/cooling, CHPs ) and corresponding CO2 emissions Kostas Komninos 11

12 Methodology for the SEAPs: Assumptions and main choices (1) Overall CO 2 reduction target: Per capita Absolute The high yearlong fluctuation in population makes the per capita calculation unreliable. An absolute target for its case is set. Baseline Year: 1990 is proposed by CoMO rather difficult to gather reliable data or the closest year to 1990 with the most reliable data Considering: The last years increasing trend in energy consumption The difficulty to retrieve past years data from the local authorities The last year with complete energy data is chosen 2008 Kostas Komninos 12

13 Methodology for the SEAPs: Assumptions and main choices (2) Approach to emission accounting and reporting: Standard emission factor in line with the IPCC principles LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) factors For matters of simplicity the IPCC approach is chosen Energy consumption increase rate: Increasing life standards Developing infrastructures Domestic immigration flow towards the islands The conservative approach of disregarding the increase rate is followed Industry sector: The industry sector is not included at this point in any of the cases. Agriculture sector: The agriculture sector is not considered by the Covenant and at this level this approach is followed. It should be reconsidered in the future. Kostas Komninos 13

14 Methodology for the SEAPs: Assumptions and main choices (3) Fuel consumption data (heat & transport): Data from the local gas stations are collected. Possibly underestimated fuel consumption for the transport sector since visitors arrive with full tanks and leave with empty. At this level we assume the gas station data sufficient If gas station data are not available the transportation energy consumption share is estimated using existing information from other similar islands. The fuel consumption for heat production is then estimated from the bottom-up analysis. Future interconnections to the mainland electrical network: The future possible interconnections are not considered at this level. More than one municipality on the same island: Only the applications and SEAPs located in the geographical area of the signing municipality are considered. Kostas Komninos 14

15 Methodology for the SEAPs: The emission inventory approach 1.Municipal electricity and fuel consumptions 2. Total fuel consumptions 1.Used technologies 2.Energy efficiency coefficients 3.Type of fuels consumed Statistical data Demographics Transportation Tourism Local climate Existing data provided by the local authorities Results from the bottom-up analysis Final Energy Consumption Emission Factors CO 2 emissions Kostas Komninos 15

16 Methodology for the SEAPs: The emission factors The emission factors provided by CoM are chosen Emission factor for electricity consumption when local production exists (EFE) EFE = [(TCE - LPE) * NEEFE + CO2LPE] / ( TCE ) where TCE = Total electricity consumption in the local authority [MWh] LPE = Local electricity production [MWh] NEEFE = national emission factor for electricity [t/mwh] CO2LPE = CO 2 emissions due to the local production of electricity [t] Kostas Komninos 16

17 Methodology for the SEAPs: Initial SEAP approach Initial qualitative definition of SEAPs are pointed out for each case based on: RES potential of the respective island Transportation significance in final energy consumption Existing or planned actions State of electrical network Site constraints Water resources availability Topographical characteristics Municipal and residential buildings condition Municipal lighting weight in energy consumption Former experience of the local authorities Interest of citizens and investors Kostas Komninos 17

18 Methodology for the SEAPs: Initial SEAP approach Although the priority of the Covenant lays upon the reduction of the final energy consumption, for the Aegean islands the high RES potential makes it apparent that actions related to the supply side will dominate the SEAPs. SEAP priority areas: 1. RES in energy supply 2. Small RES integrated in the settlement areas 3. Energy savings in public buildings, equipments/facilities 4. Promote energy savings in residential and tertiary sector 5. Land planning, define land uses 6. Transportation Kostas Komninos 18

19 The case of Ios Special characteristics Major touristic destination Interconnected to the Paronaxia autonomous electrical network Ios in numbers Population: 1862 (2001) Wind turbines installed capacity: 1.2MW (2008) Annual electrical energy demand: 14.87GWh (2008) Annual wind energy production: 3.57GWh (2008) Peak electrical demand: 4.48MW (2008) Kostas Komninos 19

20 The case of Ios Total energy consumption: 31.7GWH Energy Consumption balance: Categ.A = 51% Categ.B = 49% Total CO 2 emissions: 14655t CO 2 emission balance: Categ.A = 72.6% Categ.B = 37.4% Kostas Komninos 20

21 The case of Ios Potential Sustainable Energy Actions Hybrid electricity production with wind turbines and pumped storage for maximization of wind energy penetration Energy savings in public buildings and lighting Promotion of energy savings in residential buildings and tertiary sector (hotels, taverns, ) PVs installation Optimization of public transportation to avoid additional emissions from tourists renting scooters Electric bikes/scooters, golf cars charged with electricity produced from small RES applications Kostas Komninos 21

22 Concluding Remarks An initial methodology and tool is available to define the baseline emission inventory. The exact depiction of the baseline emission inventory is in dispute. Further data are needed to be retrieved by the local authorities. The tertiary and residential sectors need to be approached in a more realistic way (questionnaires, ). The sustainable energy actions are expected to address to the energy supply with small medium or even large scale RES applications. An accurate way to estimate the fuel consumption in the transportation sector is needed. Kostas Komninos 22

23 Questions (1) What do we expect from the small Aegean island local authorities? Their role should be defined. How do we deal with the energy consumption increase rate? Which part of the wind energy produced on an interconnected island is considered local electricity production? A big RES application on an interconnected island is fully considered a SEAP even if it is >20MW providing that there are also other SEAPs directed to the supply side? Should the future interconnections be accounted to the SEAPs? The energy carrier of the same electricity supply will change. Do we include the agriculture sector? SEAPs related to this sector are available: heating of greenhouses with geothermal energy saving water (and energy) by using the produced water from the waste water biological cleaning units Kostas Komninos 23

24 Questions (2) How do we approach the industry sector? Their energy consumption is not easily estimated. How do we quantify the achievement of a SEAP? How can we account the energy saving in buildings? How do we deal with islands with more than one municipality (Andros, Lemnos, Santorini, Syros)? Synergy is essential? Emissions from boats and planes (ports and airports exist within the borders of the municipalities)? Can the future desalination energy consumptions be balanced with the current fuel consumption of the water vessels? Offshore wind parks are considered SEAPs for the Covenant (Moudros case) Kostas Komninos 24

25 Thank you for your attention! Further information Contact