November 4, 2010, Rev 1

Transcription

1 Advanced Power Systems November 4, 2010, Rev 1

2 Syracuse University Turbine Powered Data Center David R. Blair, P.E. David R. Blair, P.E. November 4, 2010

3 Serious Growth in Data Center Energy Requirements Data centers in the U.S. consume over 62 billion kwh annually. Annual energy cost exceeds 4.5 billion dollars. Ifcurrent trends continue that usagecould double by Data centers consume 30 times more power per square foot than a standard office building.

4 Energy Use Expected to Double This could leadto Increased energy costs for business and government Increased emissions, including greenhouse gases, from electricity generation Increased strain on the existing power grid to meet the increased electricity demand, resulting in: Blackouts Brownouts Rolling Blackouts Increased capital costs for expansion of data center Increased capital costs for expansion of data center capacity and construction of new data centers.

5 Data Center Energy Use PUE = 2 = Total Power IT Equipment Power 50% 27% 23% Facility Cooling Other IT Equipment

6 Tri Generation Strategy (CCHP) Electricity Natural Gas Heating Cooling

7 Tri Gen Strategy on site produced power that is: Reliable Energy Efficient Operational Environmentally Friendly

8 Reliability

9 Mission i Citi Critical lapplications Information Technology Communication Transportation Defense

10 For Mission Critical the Electric Grid: Is Not Reliable Enough Is Vulnerable Storms Equipment Failure Terrorist Attack Requires Back up Solutions Has Environmental Issues

11 Traditional Back up Solution Double Conversion UPS Batteries Stand by Generator

12 Traditional Solution Main Switch Transfer Switch Utility Optional UPS or Rectifier Non-Critical Load Gas Turbines Battery Mission Critical Load Battery Continuous power by Grid Stand Generator is stopped Upon loss of grid power, UPS carries load up to capacity limits of storage battery Stand By Generator auto starts Transfer switch moves to Stand By power position UPS rides through mode transition

13 TiG Tri Generation Solution Tri generation advantage Continuous on site power Grid is redundant power Options Traditional UPS Hybrid UPS Other thoughts

14 Continuous On Site Power Electricity Natural Gas Heating Cooling

15 Continuous On Site Power Main Switch Isolation Switch Utility Gas Turbines Optional UPS or Rectifier Non-Critical Load DMC Battery Mission Critical Load Continuous power by Grid and Turbines Turbines operating in grid connected mode Turbines follow UL1741 Protocol Battery Upon loss of grid power, turbines auto stop, and then auto re start in stand alone mode DMC provides automatic isolation UPS rides through mode transition

16 Hybrid UPS Utility Main Switch Utility Bus Capstone patented Hybrid UPS Turbines Critical Bus Non-Critical Load Mission Critical Load Standard UPS Mode with Turbines stopped Turbines operating in efficiency mode Turbines operating in emergency mode Upon loss of grid power, turbines auto start Battery Mission Critical Load is powered at all times and isolated from grid disturbance

17 Capstone Hybrid UPS Turbine Utility Service Bus Data Center Mission Critical Efficiency Mode Turbine is operating 17

18 Capstone Hybrid UPS Turbine UPS Mode = Conventional Double Conversion UPS Utility Service Bus Data Center Mission Critical UPS Mode Turbine is OFF 18

19 Capstone Hybrid UPS Turbine Utility Service Bus Data Center Mission Critical Emergency Mode Turbine is operating PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL BHP Energy Solutions, Ltd 19

20 Energy Efficiency

21 Consider Electric Power supplied dby the Grid

22 Electric power supplied by the grid is 30% efficient at point of use

23 Useable Thermal Energy is not delivered to consumer 100 Units INPUT 100% USEFUL ENERGY 74.2% ELECTRICAL OUTPUT 29.7% 35 Units LOSSES 25.8% 30 Units Delivered OTHER LOSSES 4.8% EXHAUST LOSSES 21% THERMAL OUTPUT 44.5%

24 Heat Recovery Reduces Primary Energy Usage 185 kw Useful Energy 120 kw Heat 65 kw Electric 185 kw Useful Energy 39 kw Losses CHP 224 kw of Fuel 33% Reduction in Primary Energy 185 kw Useful Energy 161 kw Losses Traditional Approach 346 kw of Fuel

25 Tri Generation (CCHP) Electricity Natural Gas Heating Cooling

26 Capstone is best value under 5 MW in a comparison of Electrical Efficiency 3 40 C200 C Titan 250 TA 100R MT250 Elec ctrical Eff ficiency (% %) 36 Titan 130 PGT20 SGT 400 PGT16 34 Taurus 70 C200 C1000 GPB180 Taurus 65 GPB80 Mars SGT 500 SGT200 Taurus 60 GE SGT100 GPB30 BPB70 TA100RMT250 Centaur 50GPB60 28 GPB15 Centaur OP16 24 Saturn PGT25 SGT 600 Electrical Grid OP16 3B GPB15D GPB30D GPB60D GPB70D GPB80D GPB180D GE10 1 PGT16 PGT20 PGT25 SGT 100 SGT 200 SGT 300 SGT 400 SGT 500 SGT 600 Saturn 20 Taurus 60 Taurus 65 Taurus 70 Centaur Power Output (MW) Capstone Elliot Ingersoll Rand OPRAH Kawasaki General Electric Siemens Solar Centaur 50 Mars 100 Titan 130 Titan Data and results are based on publicly available information from manufacturers and except for Capstone ss products, not from Capstone tests.

27 Capstone Technology 95 U.S. Technology Patents Air bearing technology One moving part Nocoolants coolants, oilsoror grease Flexible and economic technology Flexible configuration Lightweight & small footprint Multi fuel capability Capstone Advantages Low total cost of ownership Ultra low emissions High reliability Spring Foil Shaft

28 C65 C200 C1000

29 Hot Water Technology Options External Heat Exchanger Integrated Heat Exchanger Model: C65

30 Heat Recovery Module Elements Heat Recovery Module CHP Control Board Diverter Actuator Heat Exchanger Core and Internal Exhaust Ducting

31 Exhaust is Just Hot Air 1 Specific Heat Essentially Constant Energy Proportional to Temperature Specific Heat of Air Specific c Heat [kj/k kg-k] Temperature [C] 1 Steve Gillette, Capstone Turbine Corporation

32 Direct Exhaust Heat Application Turbine Exhaust Heat replaces gas burners in furniture drying process

33 The Heat Triangle 2 C65 Example F Exh haust Tempe erature [F] kW Thermal Power [kw] 2 C65 Performance Tech Ref ISO Conditions

34 Direct Exhaust Example 1 200F 120kW Recovered Energy Exhaust Tem mperature [F F] F C65 120kW 164kW Thermal Power [kw] 1 Steve Gillette, Capstone Turbine Corporation

35 Hot Water Production using Turbine Exhaust Heat Recovery (Integral HRM shown in photo)

36 Turn Heat into Cold Absorption Chiller Hot Water Fired Direct Exhaust Fired Heat Exchanger Hot Water Absorption Chiller Chilled Water Absorption Chiller Chilled Water Exhaust Fuel Microturbine Electricity Fuel Microturbine Electricity

37 100 ton Hot Water Fired (Single Effect) Vapor Absorption Technology

38 Direct Exhaust Fired Double Effect Chiller 5kW Waste 260kW Heat Rejection Absorption Chiller 100kW Chilled Water 160kW Exhaust 230kW Fuel Microturbine 65kW Electricity it

39 Chilled Water (Double Effect) Direct Exhaust Fired, Double Effect Vapor Absorption Technology

40 Operation

41 Data Center Energy Use PUE = 2 = Total Power IT Equipment Power 50% 27% 23% Facility Cooling Other IT Equipment

42 Thermal Host Green Data Center Essential Electric Power and Cooling Non-Essential Loads Seek a Thermal Host opportunity Part of or adjacent to Data Center Optimize turbine operation Heating and Cooling Load Electric Power Load

43 Optimize dispatch schedule using thermal host Direct Exhaust Fired Double Effect Chiller Cooling 100kW Thermal Host 5kW Waste 260kW Heat Rejection Data Center Absorption Chiller 100kW Chilled Water 160kW Exhaust 230kW Fuel Microturbine 65kW Electricity

44 Multiple units optimize efficiency Efficiency (%) Load Share Efficiency 10 Typical Turbine Efficiency Power (kw) 48

45 Capstone and LEED Part 1: Sustainable Sites Up to 2 points Part 3: Energy and Atmosphere Up to 10 points Part 4: Materials and Resources Up to 2 points Part 5: Indoor Environmental Quality Up to 2 points Part 6: Innovation and Design Process Up to 4 points

46 Certifications Standard Description Benefit UL 2200 Engine Generator Sets Expedites Building Approval (e.g. NYC) UL 1741/IEEE Inverters for Utility Grid Simplifies Utility Connection Interconnection (e.g. CA Rule 21, NY) CARB California Air Resources Board DG Standard Eliminates or simplifies air permitting

47 Environmentally Friendly

48 Emissions: Capstone C60 ICHP vs. utility power & boiler CO O2 (tons) US EPA Data on Power Plant Emissions Pounds/MWh 13.5 SO Toledo National av. C60-ICHP 5.3 NOx Source: US EPA and US DOE, see notes page for specific references

49 Environmentally Friendly CO2 (lbs/mw) NOx (lbs/mwh) Traditional 1135 Green Data Center Traditional 0.15 Capstone Turbines Nox (lbs) 61% Reduction 98% Reduction Traditional -Coal Power Plant -Centrifugal Chiller (5.44 COP) Source: EPA Power Profiler ASHRAE Source: US EPA Environmental Technology Verification Test

50 Proof of Concept

51 The Green Dt Data Center at Syracuse University

52 Introduction Syracuse University and IBM develop advanced data center IBM contributes equipment and services NYSERDA awards funding Advanced Tech Integrator BHP Energy Architect t VIP Structures t E / M Engineer Towne Engineering

53 Facility System Integration Gas Turbines (Capstone based) Inverter Based Super Clean Exhaust > 99% Uptime Chilled Water Modules Exhaust Fired Hot Water Modules Domestic or building heating Control System Remote Monitoring i BMS Interface Installation Services Design Build Single Source Responsibility ReliaFlex Experience Knowledge Credibility

54 Objectives Reduce energy consumption by 50% (IBM) Achieve 60% or better energy efficiency i (NYSERDA) Develop best practices criteria, i i.e. system modeling Integrate and demonstrate multiple technologies

55 Reduce Energy Use by 50% Recover energy expended to generate electric power (CCHP) Use recovered energy not electricity for cooling and heating Cool equipment directly with chilled water rather than only cooling the room air Use water side economizer and cooling tower methods Avoid power conversion loss

56 Key Features Tri-Generation (CCHP) Advanced d IBM technologies Patented Capstone Hybrid UPS Turbine AC and DC power distribution Thermal Host Cooling Tower / Water Side Heat Exchanger Propane Air Back-up Fuel N+1 x 2 Redundancy Battery System Turbines replace traditional UPS

57 Three Features to Consider Advanced Technology Integration Operating Strategy Mission Critical Innovation

58 Advanced d Technology Integration ti Integral Power Plant (CCHP) Server Cooling Technologies AC and DC Power Distribution

59 Integral Power Plant (CCHP) Electricity Natural Gas Heating Cooling

60 Integral Power Plant (CCHP)

61 Energy recovery

62 Directly cooled servers

63 Liquid Cooled Equipment z196 p6-575 idataplex 19 inch rack servers

64 Thermal Imaging Before and After

65 AC Power Distribution

66 DC Power Distribution

67 Operating Strategy Turbine in Efficiency Mode (or Emergency Mode if Grid Fails) Optimize dispatch schedule Data Center Primary Thermal host Secondary Optimum Cooling Water side economizer Cooling Tower Water when favorable Exhaust heat driven chiller Schedule reduced conversion loss

68 Optimize dispatch schedule using thermal host Cooling Direct Exhaust Fired Double Effect Chiller 100kW Thermal Host 5kW Waste 260kW Heat Rejection Data Center Absorption Chiller 100kW Chilled Water 160kW Exhaust 230kW Fuel Microturbine 65kW Electricity

69 Mission Critical Innovation Replace traditional UPS Alternative Back-up Systems Storage Battery Utility Grid Propane - Air Patented Capstone Hybrid UPS Turbine

70 Utility Main Switch Hybrid UPS Utility Bus Capstone patented Hybrid UPS Turbines Critical Bus Non-Critical Load Mission Critical Load Standard UPS Mode with Turbines stopped Turbines operating in efficiency mode Turbines operating in emergency mode Upon loss of grid power, turbines auto start Battery Mission Critical Load is powered at all times and isolated from grid disturbance

71 Tri Gen Strategy on site produced power that is: Reliable Energy Efficient Operational Environmentally Friendly

72 Advanced Power Systems November 4, 2010 Rev 1