Urban wind turbines in The Netherlands

Transcription

1 Urban wind turbines in The Netherlands Yigall Schilp, Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment Henry Terlouw, Municipality of The Hague Jadranka Cace, RenCom Commissioner s Forum: Urban Wind Turbines July , DOB Headquarters, NYC

2 Planning wind energy on a national level Yigall Schilp policy maker spatial planner, Msc project: windenergy on land July , DOB Headquarters, NYC 2

3 The Netherlands in Europe July , DOB Headquarters, NYC 3

4 Dutch Facts Over 16,5 million inhabitants Capital: Amsterdam Surface area: KM2 (roughly 1/3 the size of NY State) Very densely populated spatial planning important Planning system July , DOB Headquarters, NYC 4

5 Organization Minister The Environment Spatial Planning Local Spatial Planning National Spatial Policy Spatial planning and Environment - topics both environmental and spatial Project Windenergy on land July , DOB Headquarters, NYC 5

6 EU sustainability goals In 2020: Reduction CO2 emissions by 30% Renewable energy 20% percent of total energy use July , DOB Headquarters, NYC 6

7 Project Windenergy on land (1) Large scale wind turbines Now 2000MW on land and 230MW at sea 6000MW on land in 2020 and 6000MW at sea in 2020 July , DOB Headquarters, NYC 7

8 Project Windenergy on land (2) Small turbines ( up to 15m) National objectives for small turbines: At least: less obstructional policies At most: stimulating policies Use small turbines for social basis/acceptance July , DOB Headquarters, NYC 8

9 Small turbines (1) Current obstructional policies In Environmental bill (detailed rules and procedures for environmental permit) In building permit (hard to get without certification) In zoning plan (long and expensive procedure to change) July , DOB Headquarters, NYC 9

10 Small turbines (2) Planned stimulating policies Easier to get environmental permit (strike few regulations per 1/1 2011) Easier to build (building permit easier with certification) Experiments for changing rules and regulations (Crisis and Recovery Bill) 6 municipalities Mini turbine (max 10m) for a period of 10 years First step: non-residential areas Permanent evaluation Goal: change unnecessary rules and regulations July , DOB Headquarters, NYC 10

11 Small turbines (3) Goal: Gain social basis for wind energy in general Contribute to sustainable image / Likeability-factor Fast homegrown results (you make you own power) Handlings perspective (you can build and own it yourself) July , DOB Headquarters, NYC 11

12 In conclusion More consistency in policy Less rules and regulations it s easy being green July , DOB Headquarters, NYC 12

13 The Hague Climate Neutral Henry Terlouw Coordinator Climate Change The Hague

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22 Jadranka Cace, RenCom Renewable energy consultant Owner of Renewable Energy Company (RenCom) Services: policy development product development project management Contact: July , DOB Headquarters, NYC 22

23 How small is small? IEC definition rotor diameter 0,75-25 m rotor surface 0,5-200 m 2 rated power 0,1-50 kw NWEA definitions (Netherlands Wind Energy Association) Small wind turbines in built surroundings: rated power* 6 kw (*rated power at 12 m/s) pole < 15 m Small wind turbines in industrial and rural areas: rated power < 30 kw pole < 25 m *rated power at 12 m/s July , DOB Headquarters, NYC 23

24 Dutch small wind turbines with horizontal axis (HAWT) (1) Passaat, Montana, Alize TWFi Tulipo Rated power 1,4 kw 5 kw 10 kw Rated power 0,6 kw 1 kw 2,7 kw 6,6 kw Rated power 2,5 kw July , DOB Headquarters, NYC 24

25 Dutch small wind turbines with horizontal axis (HAWT) (2) Energy Ball Piqo DONQI Rated power 0,5 kw 2,25 kw Rated power 0,65 kw Rated power 1,75 kw July , DOB Headquarters, NYC 25

26 Dutch small wind turbines with vertical axis (VAWT) Turby Urban Turbine by Ecofys Rated power 2,8 kw Rated power 2,5 kw July , DOB Headquarters, NYC 26

27 UWT s: Aspects to consider Location: wind conditions Turbine: safety, energy efficiency, noise, vibrations Spatial aspects: visual effects on surrounding Energy balance: electricity generation versus demand (saving) Building integration: load, force, vibrations, contact sound, accessibility Grid connection: requirements of the local grid operator Social aspects: building owner, tenants, neighbors Financial aspects: costs (all-in), incentives, tariff ( /kwh), maintenance Monitoring: kwh generated, -used, -into grid Maintenance, guarantees Permits Manufacturer/supplier July , DOB Headquarters, NYC 27

28 Wind conditions h 20 x h July , DOB Headquarters, NYC 28

29 Quick scan location Open location on the coast? no Location higher than 20 m? yes Obstacles in the direction of the prevailing wind? yes Distance >20 times the height of the obstacle? no Measure wind yes no no yes Location OK Measure wind Location OK Location OK July , DOB Headquarters, NYC 29

30 Stepping stones UWT project Quick scan location Pre-selection turbines Apply for quote Roof scan Financial feasibility Permit requirements Decision making: go - no-go Agreements tenants and neighbors Apply for permit Commission, execution Monitoring, maintenance Artist impression Tulipo turbines, Railway Station, The Hague July , DOB Headquarters, NYC 30

31 Bottlenecks UWT projects in NL Market not transparent No independent market information Turbines not certified No dedicated legal framework No incentives (Public) acceptance Test field in Schoondijke July , DOB Headquarters, NYC 31

32 Pilot project The Hague Target UWTs 6 permits in three years Procedures take up to 1,5 year 6 turbines installed 36 turbines in process 20 turbines refused Reasons for refusing: o Spatial planning o Anticipated visual disturbances o Complains tenants and neighbors Donqi turbines, Wooninvest, The Hague July , DOB Headquarters, NYC 32