WIND ENERGY RESOURCE ASSESSMENT: A CASE STUDY
|
|
- Beverly Houston
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 WIND ENERGY RESOURCE ASSESSMENT: A CASE STUDY Norman Maphosa. National university of Science and Technology, Department of Technical Teacher Education, NUST, Box AC 939, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. Tel: Ext 355 nmaphosa@nust.ac.w Key words: Wind resource, WAsP, wind climate, geostrophic, energy production. ABSTRACT Global warming and high cost of fossil fuels dictates the exploitation of alternative sources of energy such as wind. This paper presents a background to standard methods of wind energy resource assessment using a case study of Lynch Knoll and Beaufort Court wind farms in England. The Wind atlas analysis and applications Program software, WAsP, is used to assess wind energy potential and to predict wind climate from geostrophic winds of a given area. In this paper, meteorological data from Lyneham meteorological station was used to predict the wind resource and wind turbine energy production at Lynch Knoll, while data from Heathrow meteorological station was used for similar predictions at Beaufort Court. Data from both meteorological stations were used to draw up observed wind climates at the anemometer sites. Site contour maps were digitised using the WAsP Map Editor. Observed wind climates, digitied contour maps, terrain roughness length, obstacle groups and their porosity were used as input to the WAsP model. In the Beaufort Court model, Vestas V9, 5 kw turbine was used while for Lynch Knoll, Vestas V39, 500 kw turbine was used in place of the Enercon 500 kw turbine which was not available in the WAsP model folder. WAsP predictions are highly influenced by terrain topography. Weibull probability distribution graphs of wind speed, power density and annual energy production were drawn. A directional wind rose for January 04 were drawn for each site. The predictions were close to the actual turbine output in both cases. Such validation of WAsP predictions means that WAsP can be used for wind resource assessment of any site. Other studies have shown poor predictions for rugged terrain with gradients greater than 0.3. Similar predictions can be carried out in
2 Zimbabwe. Small 1kW wind turbines were installed in Temaruru and Vungu in 1999 without wind resource assessment Introduction The use of fossil fuels has resulted in global warming caused by the greenhouse emissions associated with carbonbased fuels. Wind energy is available and is known to have been used as early as the 17 th century BC in Mesopotamia to drive windmills [1]. Today wind turbines have been developed in Europe, Asia, America and are in use in a number of African countries as well [,3]. The power potential of wind is determined by its speed and the power varies as the cube of the wind speed. Wind is defined as the movement of air caused by pressure differences in the atmosphere as a result of temperature gradients. It is greatly affected by the local physical features like the landscape, obstacles such as buildings and vegetation cover. Accuracy in measuring wind speed is of fundamental importance in the assessment of wind power potential [4]. The computer software called the Wind atlas analysis and application program, WAsP, is the standard tool for wind energy assessment [5,6]. The program has been successfully used to predict wind energy resource for both offshore and onshore wind turbine candidate sites. In this work, WAsP was used to predict wind conditions and energy production of wind turbine installations at Lynch Knoll and Beaufort Court. The author developed wind climate models using wind data from meteorological stations near the sites. Details of the terrain topography were provided in the form of digitied contour maps of the turbine locations. There were no direct measurements at the sites and WAsP was used to predict turbine output using regional wind climate and topographic features only, with details on longitude, latitude and altitude specified. Specifications of the Lynch Knoll turbine were taken from Ecotricity [7] and those for Beaufort Court from Renewable Energy Systems Limited [8]. Prediction results from each site were retrieved from WAsP, analysed and compared with actual turbine output..0. Wind Atlas Methodology.1. Summary of the Wind atlas methodology The method employed by WAsP is called the Wind atlas methodology. Long-term wind speeds and directions from a reference site, usually a meteorological station, are used to create an observed wind climate (OWC) for the site. In its analysis mode, WAsP extrapolates the wind data in the OWC into a Weibull probability distribution and
3 removes the effects of local obstacles, topography and terrain roughness, to form a geostrophic wind climate (GWC) also known as the regional wind atlas of the area. The geostrophic wind is characteristic of the wind flow above the inner boundary layer over 100 m above ground level. In its application mode, WAsP extrapolates down the wind atlas data at the candidate site to include local terrain effects, creating an observed wind climate of the site [9]. WAsP requires the following conditions to be satisfied for accurate predictions: both the meteorological station and turbine sites must be subjected to the same weather regime reference data from the meteorological station must be reliable atmospheric conditions at the meteorological station and turbine site should be neutrally stable. the surrounding terrain at the meteorological station and turbine site must be sufficiently gentle to avoid flow separation topographic model inputs should be adequate and reliable... Topographic models Contour maps of the two turbine sites were digitied and used as input to describe the terrain features of the sites. The maps provide information on altitude, speed-up and turning effects, and the ruggedness index (RIX). Fig.1 shows the digitied maps with turbine locations (a) Lynch Knoll, (b) Beaufort Court
4 Wind speed profile is affected by the roughness of the landscape which is measured by the surface roughness length 0. Roughness length is the distance in metres above the ground at which wind speed is ero. The physical maps of Lynch Knoll and Beaufort Court have moderate vegetation cover which makes the areas to fall under surface roughness class 1 with a roughness length of 0.03 m [9]. Wind speed at any height is calculated using the expression where, u wind speed at height above ground level u ref wind speed at reference height (anemometer) height above ground level ref - anemometer height at reference site 0 roughness length. u u ln 0 ref, ref ln 0
5 Fig. shows the wind shear profile and the speeds at different heights above ground level..3. Data collection The wind atlas methodology requires that wind data be collected for a period not less than one year [10 ]. In this work hourly wind speeds and directions were provided from Lyneham and Heathrow meteorological stations. The nearest wind data source for Lynch Knoll was Lyneham meteorological station 9 km from Lynch Knoll and for Beaufort Court data was obtained from Heathrow meteorological station 10.8 km away. The meteorological data was used to create observed wind climates (OWC) at respective stations [11]. Monthly mean wind speeds for 004 are shown in table 1 below. Table 1. Monthly wind speeds at the meteorological stations measured at 10 metres above ground level. Month Lyneham, Heathrow U m/s U m/s Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov
6 Dec Annual Mean The time-series hourly wind speed and direction readings from each station were checked for instrument reading errors according to the validation process described in the Wind Resource Assessment Handbook (NREL 1997), [10] and then used to create OWC for each month. Fig.3 shows the OWCs for January 004. In figure 3, (a) and (c) are wind roses showing the percentage variation in wind direction during the month of January over Lyneham and Heathrow respectively. Diagrams (b) and (d) show the percentage frequency of wind speed distribution with a Weibull fit, for the month of January over Lyneham and Heathrow respectively Results and discussion 3.1. Wind speed and power predictions In its analysis mode, WAsP uses the data from meteorological stations to produce the observed wind climate at these stations. It then removes the local topographic effects to create a regional wind atlas for a wider area which covers the turbine sites. In its application mode, WAsP combines the topographic effects from the turbine sites with the regional wind atlas data to predict the wind climate (wind speed and direction) at the turbine sites. Rotor diameter of the installed wind turbine is used to calculate the power density. The predicted wind climate is applied to the wind turbine generator characteristics of the installed turbine to predict the annual energy production (AEP). The predicted results for Beaufort Court and Lynch Knoll turbines are shown in table below. Predictions for
7 Lynch Knoll are at 40.5 m above ground level and those for Beaufort Court at 3.5 m above ground level. These heights correspond to the hub heights of the installed turbines. Table. Wind speed, power density and annual energy production predictions Month Lynch Knoll Predictions (40.5 m a.g.l.) Beaufort Court Predictions (3.5 m a.g.l.) U, m/s P, W/m AEP MWh U, m/s P, W/m AEP, MWh Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual Mean Wind speed
8 Figure 4. Wind speed at Lynch Knoll compared to that at Lyneham Figure 5. Wind speed at Beaufort Court compared to that at Heathrow The WAsP model extrapolates wind speed from 10m at the meteorological station upwards to the hub height of the turbine. Vertical wind shear follows the 1/7 th power law represented by the following formula: 1 u uref 7 h, where href height respectively; h and h u and ref u ref are wind speeds at the hub height and meteorological anemometer are the hub height and anemometer height respectively. Figures 4 and 5 above indicate similar variations in wind speed at each turbine site and its corresponding meteorological station. This satisfies WAsP s requirement for a similar weather regime at the turbine site and reference site Power density Power density is the of power produced per unit area of turbine rotor swept area and is equal to 4 d P w/m, where P is power in watts and d is the turbine rotor diameter. The graphs in figures 6 and 7 below show the
9 predicted power density at the turbines and the power density that would be expected if the turbines were installed at the meteorological stations with hub heights at 10 metres above ground level. Increase in power output with height is evident from the graphs. Figure 7. Power density at Lynch Knoll compared to that at Lyneham. Figure 8. Power density at Beaufort Court compared to that at Heathrow Annual energy production (AEP) Annual energy production is the energy in mega-watt-hours (MWh) produced per year for the total number of hours that the wind turbine was operational. In this study, WAsP predicted an annual energy production of 57 MWh and 1057 MWh for Lynch Knoll and Beaufort Court turbines respectively assuming production hours in 365 days of the year. The prediction figures are higher than the actual production for the following reasons: availability, the turbines may have not operated for all the hours of the year due to maintenance time or wind speed being below cut-in speed or higher than cut-out speed according to Bet law, only less than 59% of the kinetic energy in the wind can be converted to mechanical energy using a wind turbine as shown by the power ratio; power extracted from the wind 0.5m( v 1 v ) P turbine power in the undisturbed wind P wind 0.5 Av 3 1
10 P P turbine power ratio wind In the above formulae, m and v v 1 v v 1 are the mass and density respectively, of the air flowing across the turbine rotor swept area A; v 1 and v is the wind speed before and after the turbine rotor respectively. In order to compare the predictions with the actual production at the wind turbines, predicted AEP has to be reduced to at least 59% to get practical mechanical energy conversion and then further reduced by the electrical efficiency of the turbine system. The maximum practical mechanical energy conversion is 40% and a mechanical to electrical efficiency of 95% giving an overall maximum efficiency of 38% [1]. Using the maximum overall efficiency the annual energy production would be MWh and 40 MWh for Lynch Knoll turbine and Beaufort turbine respectively. According to [13], a complete wind energy system, including rotor, transmission, generator, storage and other devices will (depending on the model) deliver up to 30% of the original energy available in the wind. This gives a maximum energy production of 677 MWh and 317 MWh for Lynch Knoll turbine and Beaufort turbine respectively. Actual annual energy production for Beaufort Court for 004 was 0.15 MWh with 600 hours of unavailability [8], giving an over prediction of 46%. High uncertainty arises from the absence of actual performance characteristics of the installed turbine and on site wind speed readings. The actual energy production for Lynch Knoll was not available Conclusion Wind energy resource assessment was conducted using the WAsP model for the turbine sites in Lynch Knoll and Beaufort Court using wind data from the United Kingdom meteorological office. Wind regimes at the turbine sites were found to be similar to those at the meteorological stations as is required in WAsP modelling. Power density and annual energy production were shown to increase with increase in mean wind speed, which in turn increases with altitude. Lack of site wind speed and surface roughness measurements at the turbine sites and information on mechanical efficiency of the turbines increased the uncertainties of the predictions. It is recommended that on-site measurements be carried out especially for a wind turbine candidate site in order to narrow prediction errors. WAsP modelling can be used successfully for wind energy resource assessment of any candidate site provided adequate data is given for analysis and application by the model. References *1+. Freris L.L., Wind Energy Conversion Systems, Prentice Hall, London, *+. Omer A.M., (1999), Wind energy in Sudan, Renewable Energy, vol.19, 000 pp *3+. Gourieres, D., Wind Power Plants, Theory and Design, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 198.
11 [4]. Yu Fat Lun, Akashi Mochida, Shuo Murakami, Hiroshi Yoshino and Taichi Shirasawa 003, Numerical simulation of flow over topographic features by revised k- models, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 003 vol. 91 pp *5+. Lange B., and Hojstrup J., Evaluation of the wind resource estimation program WAsP for offshore applications Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, vol. 89 (3-4) 001 pp *6+. Mortensen, N.G., Landberg, L., Troen, I., and Petersen, E.L., Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program (WAsP). RISO National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark, [7]. Available: Accessed: 19 December 005. [8]. *9+. Bowen,A.J., Mortensen, N.G., (1996), Exploring the Limits of WAsP: The European Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program: in Proceedings of the 1996 European Union Wind Energy Conference, 0 4 May, 1996, Goteborg, Sweden. *10+ Maunsell, D., Lyons, J., and Whale J., (004), Wind Resource Assessment of a site in Western Australia. Available: Accessed: 15 November 005. [11]. NM. Bos Rowlyn.xls met data.xls. Crown Copyright 005, Published by the Meteorological Office, United Kingdom. [1]. Wind Energy Manual; Danish Wind Industry Association. Available: Accessed: 7 January 006 [13 ] Wind Energy Manual, IOWA Energy Centre 005.
SAWEP Workshop. Cape Town, 4 th March Wind farm calculations - Annual Energy Production
SAWEP Workshop Wind Atlas for South Africa (WASA) Cape Town, 4 th March 2010 Wind farm calculations - Annual Energy Production What is AEP? AEP = Annual Energy Production Watt-hours produced over an average
More informationUrban Wind Turbines: A Feasibility Study
Urban Wind Turbines: A Feasibility Study Ben Dymock And Stephen Dance Urbines Urbines: The Issues Urban Wind Turbines Urbines Rooftop installation for energy generation Uncertainty of wind flow and knock
More informationAnalysis of Wind Energy Conversion Systems in Two Selected Sites in Libya Using Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE)
Proceedings of the International Conference on Recent Advances in Electrical Systems, Tunisia, 216 Analysis of Wind Energy Conversion Systems in Two Selected Sites in Libya Using Levelized Cost of Electricity
More informationAnalysis of Wind Speed Data in East of Libya
Analysis of Wind Speed Data in East of Libya Abdelkarim A. S, D. Danardono, D. A. Himawanto, Hasan M. S. Atia Mechanical Engineering Department, SebelasMaret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36ASurakarta Indonesia
More informationVALIDATION OF GH ENERGY AND UNCERTAINTY PREDICTIONS BY COMPARISON TO ACTUAL PRODUCTION
VALIDATION OF GH ENERGY AND UNCERTAINTY PREDICTIONS BY COMPARISON TO ACTUAL PRODUCTION Andrew Tindal, Keir Harman, Clint Johnson, Adam Schwarz, Andrew Garrad, Garrad Hassan 1 INTRODUCTION Garrad Hassan
More informationEnergy Yield Assessment for: Sudenai, Lithuania. 14 MW Wind farm 7 x Enercon E MW 78 m hub height
Energy Yield Assessment for: Sudenai, Lithuania 14 MW Wind farm 7 x Enercon E-82 2.0 MW 78 m hub height EMD International A/S May 2007 OÜ Nelja Energia Estonia pst. 1/3 10143 Tallinn ESTONIA Attn. Andrus
More informationASSESSMENT OF WIND ENERGY POTENTIAL IN EAST AZARBAIJAN PROVINCE OF IRAN (CASE STUDY: SAHAND STATION)
Global NEST Journal, Vol 17, No X, pp XX-XX, 2015 Copyright 2015 Global NEST Printed in Greece. All rights reserved ASSESSMENT OF WIND ENERGY POTENTIAL IN EAST AZARBAIJAN PROVINCE OF IRAN (CASE STUDY:
More informationASSESSMENT OF WIND ENERGY POTENTIAL IN EAST AZARBAIJAN PROVINCE OF IRAN (CASE STUDY: SAHAND STATION)
Global NEST Journal, Vol 17, No 2, pp 418-425, 2015 Copyright 2015 Global NEST Printed in Greece. All rights reserved ASSESSMENT OF WIND ENERGY POTENTIAL IN EAST AZARBAIJAN PROVINCE OF IRAN (CASE STUDY:
More informationWIND POWER RESOURCES ASSESSMENT, DESIGN OF GRID CONNECTED WIND FARMS AND HYBRID POWER SYSTEMS
WIND POWER RESOURCES ASSESSMENT, DESIGN OF GRID CONNECTED WIND FARMS AND HYBRID POWER SYSTEMS by Shafiqur Rehman Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, South Africa
More informationWIND RESOURCE & ENERGY YIELD ASSESSMENT PRESENTATION
ASX Release 17 January 2007 WIND RESOURCE & ENERGY YIELD ASSESSMENT PRESENTATION Babcock & Brown Wind Partners (ASX: BBW) has today released to the market a wind resource and energy yield assessment presentation
More informationICE ACCRETION AT ACQUA SPRUZZA AND ITS EFFECTS ON WIND TURBINE OPERATION AND LOSS OF ENERGY PRODUCTION
BOREAS IV 31 March - 2 April 1998, Hetta, Finland 77 ICE ACCRETION AT ACQUA SPRUZZA AND ITS EFFECTS ON WIND TURBINE OPERATION AND LOSS OF ENERGY PRODUCTION G. Botta (1), M. Cavaliere (1), H. Holttinen
More informationTHE BUSINESS CASE FOR WIND TURBINES
20 THE BUSINESS CASE FOR WIND TURBINES TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy generated by the wind into rotational mechanical energy to generate electricity. The power available
More informationViability of Micro Wind Turbines in the Urban Environment
Viability of Micro Wind Turbines in the Urban Environment World Renewable Energy Forum WREF/WREN May 13-17, 2012, Denver, Colorado Ghanim Putrus Reader in Electrical Power Engineering Power and Wind Energy
More informationThe Future of Electricity: A Market with Costs of Zero? Marginal
The Future of Electricity: A Market with Costs of Zero? Marginal Richard Green, IAEE European Conference, 217 1 Supply /MWh Marginal Cost Nuclear CCGT OCGT GW 2 Demand and Supply Prices reflect Marginal
More informationWind power resource assessment for Rafha, Saudi Arabia
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 11 (27) 937 95 www.elsevier.com/locate/rser Wind power resource assessment for Rafha, Saudi Arabia S. Rehman a,, I.M. El-Amin b, F. Ahmad a, S.M. Shaahid a, A.M.
More informationImpact of Wind Energy System Integration on the Al-Zawiya Refinery Electric Grid in Libya
Journal of Power and Energy Engineering, 26, 4, -2 http://www.scirp.org/journal/jpee ISSN Online: 2327-59 ISSN Print: 2327-588X Impact of Wind Energy System Integration on the Al-Zawiya Refinery Electric
More informationThe Future of Electricity: A Market with Costs of Zero? Marginal
The Future of Electricity: A Market with Costs of Zero? Marginal Imperial College Business School Richard Green, IAEE European Conference, 217 1 Running your mouse over the bubble in the top left corner
More informationThe uncertainty of wind output how it declines during the day.
Conference: "The role of market design for the achievement of the 20% Renewables Target", Brussels, 10.06.2010. The uncertainty of wind output how it declines during the day. State of the art and research
More informationElectric Forward Market Report
Mar-01 Mar-02 Jun-02 Sep-02 Dec-02 Mar-03 Jun-03 Sep-03 Dec-03 Mar-04 Jun-04 Sep-04 Dec-04 Mar-05 May-05 Aug-05 Nov-05 Feb-06 Jun-06 Sep-06 Dec-06 Mar-07 Jun-07 Sep-07 Dec-07 Apr-08 Jun-08 Sep-08 Dec-08
More informationBordei Verde. 8 MW Wind Park Romania.
Bordei Verde 8 MW Wind Park Romania www.globalwindpower.com Project introduction Project ownership: Global Wind Power Europe ApS Global Wind Power is proud to offer the wind turbine project Bordei Verde
More informationThe Influence of Atmospheric Turbulence on the Kinetic Energy Available During Small Wind Turbine Power Performance Testing
The Influence of Atmospheric Turbulence on the Kinetic Energy Available During Small Wind Turbine Power Performance Testing By Brad C. Cochran Sr. Project Engineer Cermak Peterka Petersen, Inc Fort Collins,
More informationAPPENDIX R SHADOW FLICKER REPORT
APPENDIX R SHADOW FLICKER REPORT Shadow Flicker Study Palo Alto Wind Energy Project - Palo Alto County, Iowa Prepared for: Palo Alto Wind Energy LLC One South Wacker Drive Suite 1800 Chicago, Illinois
More informationPERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF PS-600 kw WIND TURBINE
Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference Power and Energy Systems (AsiaPES 2013) April 10-12, 2013 Phuket, Thailand PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF PS-600 kw WIND TURBINE Jyoti D. Nimbal SGI, Electrical
More informationInterim (5 km) High-Resolution Wind Resource Map for South Africa
Interim (5 km) High-Resolution Wind Resource Map for South Africa Andre Otto SANEDI Niels G Mortensen, Andrea N Hahmann & Jens Carsten Hansen DTU Wind Energy Eugéne Mabille and Eric Prinsloo CSIR Windaba
More informationDesign & Simulation of Power Balancing from Wind Energy with Virtual Power Plant
Design & Simulation of Power Balancing from Wind Energy with Virtual Power Plant Kamrul Mostofa Rumon 1, Md. Kamrul Hassan 2 P.G. Student, Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, American International
More informationPotential Impact of Biomass Burning on Urban Air Quality: Case-study of Chiang Mai
Potential Impact of Biomass Burning on Urban Air Quality: Case-study of Chiang Mai Sébastien Bonnet, Narongchai Suwanprik and Savitri Garivait The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment Chiang
More informationWoking. q business confidence report
Woking q1 business confidence report Woking q1 report headlines saw a new record in company registrations in Woking when compared to any previous. was a record quarter for company registrations in Woking
More informationAn Assessment of Wind Availability for Turbine Power Generation in Kano, Nigeria
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) e-issn: 2278-4861.Volume 6, Issue 5 Ver. II (Sep.-Oct. 2014), PP 30-36 An Assessment of Wind Availability for Turbine Power Generation in Kano, Nigeria Joseph
More informationISO-New England s Generating Unit Availability Study: Where s the Beef?
ISO-New England s Generating Unit Availability Study: Where s the Beef? Restructuring Roundtable June 29, 2001 David Schlissel 22 Pearl Street Cambridge, MA 02139 617.661.3248 dschlissel@synapse-energy.com
More informationAppendix K Shadow Flicker Study
Appendix K Shadow Flicker Study Shadow Flicker Assessment- Honeywood Final Report Submitted to: Geilectric 1850, Panama Street, Suite 501 Brossard (Québec) Canada J4W 3C6 Classification: Reference: Honeywood_ShadowFlickering
More informationAppendix T BIWF Shadow Flicker Analysis
Appendix T BIWF Shadow Flicker Analysis Shadow Flicker Impact Analysis for the Block Island Wind Farm Prepared for Deepwater Wind Block Island, LLC Prepared by 160 Federal Street Boston, MA 02110 May 2012
More informationCOST ANALYSIS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR POWER SUPPLY FOR REMOTE AREA IN YEMEN : A CASE STUDY FOR SOCOTRA ISLAND
COST ANALYSIS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR POWER SUPPLY FOR REMOTE AREA IN YEMEN : A CASE STUDY FOR SOCOTRA ISLAND Saqqaf A. Alkaf, Mohammed A. Muqbel and Salem M. Bin Qadhi + Mechanical Engineering Department,
More informationSCOPE FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY IN HIMACHAL PRADESH, INDIA - A STUDY OF SOLAR AND WIND RESOURCE POTENTIAL
SCOPE FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY IN HIMACHAL PRADESH, INDIA - A STUDY OF SOLAR AND WIND RESOURCE POTENTIAL Gautham Krishnadas and Ramachandra T V Energy & Wetlands Research Group, Centre for Ecological Sciences,
More informationRENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS WIND ENERGY (1) Prof. Ibrahim El-mohr Prof. Ahmed Anas. Lec. 5
RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS WIND ENERGY (1) Prof. Ibrahim El-mohr Prof. Ahmed Anas Lec. 5 Outline 2 Wind Energy Outlook Introduction to Wind Energy Conversion History of Wind Turbines Classifications of Wind
More informationUTILIZATION OF WIND ENERGY
1 UTILIZATION OF WIND ENERGY The Case Study on Analyzing Hourly Wind Data at the City of Makassar and its Surroundings Syukri Himran Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Hasanuddin Makassar, 90245, Indonesia Email:
More informationWind power density loss for wind turbines due to upstream hills
Wind power density loss for wind turbines due to upstream hills BODO RUCK & MANUEL GRUBER Laboratory of Building- and Environmental Aerodynamics Institute for Hydromechanics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
More informationThis appendix summarizes the data that was provided to GE for use in this project.
Appendix A Appendix A This appendix summarizes the data that was provided to GE for use in this project. A.1 Historical Data from NYISO NYISO provided data derived from their archives of operational records.
More informationReview of 600kw to 2500kw sized wind turbines and optimization of hub height for maximum wind energy yield realization.
Review of 600kw to 2500kw sized wind turbines and optimization of hub height for maximum wind energy yield realization Alam Md. Mahbub 1, Shafqiur Rehman 2, Josua Meyer 1, and Luai M. Al-Hadhrami 2 1 Mechanical
More informationSOLAR RADIATION ESTIMATION UNDER CLEAR SKY CONDITIONS FOR BRAŞOV AREA (ROMANIA) LINKE TURBIDITY FACTOR
SOLAR RADIATION ESTIMATION UNDER CLEAR SKY CONDITIONS FOR BRAŞOV AREA (ROMANIA) LINKE TURBIDITY FACTOR Elena EFTIMIE Transilvania University of Braşov, Romania Abstract. The determination of solar radiation
More informationWIND ENERGY MODELING FOR RESIDENTIAL-SCALE WIND POWER AND SENSITIVITY OF ECONOMIC VALUATION TO ERRORS IN WIND SPEED ESTIMATES
WIND ENERGY MODELING FOR RESIDENTIAL-SCALE WIND POWER AND SENSITIVITY OF ECONOMIC VALUATION TO ERRORS IN WIND SPEED ESTIMATES Teuku Indra Dominique Bain Thomas L. Acker, Ph.D Institute for Sustainable
More informationOn the Improvement of Wind Power Predictions Based on Terrain Characteristics and Measurements of the Annual Energy Production
Journal of Flow Control, Measurement & Visualization, 2017, 5, 1-20 http://www.scirp.org/journal/jfcmv ISSN Online: 2329-3330 ISSN Print: 2329-3322 On the Improvement of Wind Power Predictions Based on
More informationAssessing wind energy potential for Nevada
University of Nevada, Las Vegas Digital Scholarship@UNLV UNLV Renewable Energy Symposium 2007 UNLV Energy Symposium Aug 16th, 10:05 AM - 10:30 AM Assessing wind energy potential for Nevada Darrell Pepper
More informationConcentrating solar power in sustainable tourism
Management of Natural Resources, Sustainable Development and Ecological Hazards II 283 Concentrating solar power in sustainable tourism M. Georgei 1, J. Krueger 1 & B. Henning 2 1 Solarlite GmbH, Germany
More informationENERGY SELF SUFFICIENCY WITH RENEWABLE SOURCES BIOMASS AND WIND IN THE REHABILITATION PROJECTOF AN OLD RURAL BUILDING COMPLEX IN SICILY (ITALY)
ENERGY SELF SUFFICIENCY WITH RENEWABLE SOURCES BIOMASS AND WIND IN THE REHABILITATION PROJECTOF AN OLD RURAL BUILDING COMPLEX IN SICILY (ITALY) Paola Caputo paola.caputo@polimi.it Politecnico di Milano,
More informationTHE SIMULATION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION AND WIND POWER GENERATION ON THE HYDRID ELECTRICITY SUPPLY SYSTEM OF A BUILDING
THE SIMULATION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION AND WIND POWER GENERATION ON THE HYDRID ELECTRICITY SUPPLY SYSTEM OF A BUILDING Masafumi Terawaki and Isamu Suzuki Sanki Engineering Co.,Ltd. 1742-7,Simoturuma,Yamato-City,Kanagawa,242-1,Japan
More informationProspects of Wind Energy for Power Generation in University of Benin
Int. J. of Thermal & Environmental Engineering Volume 13, No. 1 (2016) 23-28 Prospects of Wind Energy for Power Generation in University of Benin H.O. Egware a, *, U.P. Onochie b, O.O. Ighodaro a a Department
More informationCOMPARATIVE SUMMER THERMAL AND COOLING LOAD PERFORMANCE OF NATURAL VENTILATION OF CAVITY ROOF UNDER THREE DIFFERENT CLIMATE ZONES
COMPARATIVE SUMMER THERMAL AND COOLING LOAD PERFORMANCE OF NATURAL VENTILATION OF CAVITY ROOF UNDER THREE DIFFERENT CLIMATE ZONES Lusi Susanti 1, Hiroshi Matsumoto 2, and Hiroshi Homma 2 1 Department of
More information"THE CURRENT R & D ACTIVITIES RELATED TO WIND ENERGY IN LIBYA AND CSERS EFFORTS"
(CSERS) Centre for Solar Energy Research and Studies Seminar on : "THE CURRENT R & D ACTIVITIES RELATED TO WIND ENERGY IN LIBYA AND CSERS EFFORTS" By : H. I. ABUSANNUGA & O.F. BADRI hashem_ebrahim@yahoo.com,
More informationEstimation of Wind Energy Potential in Southwestern Nigeria.
Estimation of Wind Energy Potential in Southwestern Nigeria. Y.K. Sanusi 1* and S.G. Abisoye 2 1 Physical Science Department, Yaba College of Technology, Nigeria. 2 Department of Pure and Applied Physics,
More informationUltra high wind penetration in simple wind-diesel power systems in Cape Verde
Ultra high wind penetration in simple wind-diesel power systems in Cape Verde Per Nørgård Risø DTU, Technical University of Denmark pern@risoe.dtu.dk João Fonseca Electra, Cabo Verde j.fonseca@electra.cv
More informationUNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS General Certificate of Education Advanced Subsidiary Level
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS General Certificate of Education Advanced Subsidiary Level *6579123409* ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 8291/01 Paper 1 Lithosphere and Atmosphere October/November
More informationWind energy potential in the site of Batna in Algeria
Revue des Energies Renouvelables SMEE 10 Bou Ismail Tipaza (010) 11 19 Wind energy potential in the site of Batna in Algeria Mounir Aksas * Energetics Applied Physics Laboratory, Physical Department Faculty
More informationUNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS General Certificate of Education Advanced Subsidiary Level
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS General Certificate of Education Advanced Subsidiary Level *6579123409* ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 8291/01 Paper 1 Lithosphere and Atmosphere October/November
More informationPumped hydro Storage Plants
Pumped hydro Storage Plants Olivier Teller, Product Director PSP 15 Nov 2012 PSP >130 GW (99% world electricity storage) Market: 6 GW/year Europe: ~1.5GW/year 100 years / illimited cycle numbers ~1000
More information8 AIR AND CLIMATE Introduction
Table of contents 8 AIR AND CLIMATE... 8-1 8.1 Introduction... 8-1 8.1.1 Scope of the Assessment... 8-1 8.1.2 Methodology... 8-1 8.1.3 Assessment Criteria for Air Quality... 8-2 8.1.4 National Legislation
More informationMechanical and Solar Means
Energy Potential for Florida by Mechanical and Solar Means Robert H. Weisberg with Y. Liu C. Merz, J. Virmani, L. Zheng College of Marine Science - USF Renewable Ocean Energy Conference, FAU-CES Palm Beach
More informationAN AC COUPLED PV/WIND/DIESEL MICROGRID SYSTEM IMPLEMENTED IN A REMOTE ISLAND IN THE REPUBLIC OF MALDIVES
AN AC COUPLED PV/WIND/DIESEL MICROGRID SYSTEM IMPLEMENTED IN A REMOTE ISLAND IN THE REPUBLIC OF MALDIVES 1 The President inaugurates the Hybrid Renewable Energy Pilot Project implemented at North Thiladhunmathi
More informationAPRIL 23, Capacity Value of Wind Assumptions and Planning Reserve Margin
APRIL 23, 2014 Capacity Value of Wind Assumptions and Planning Reserve Margin Executive Summary Effective Load Carrying Capacity (ELCC), or capacity value, of variable generation and required planning
More informationQuantification of the surface-atmosphere exchange of energy and carbon dioxide of an extensive urban green roof by eddy covariance measurements
Quantification of the surface-atmosphere exchange of energy and carbon dioxide of an extensive urban green roof by eddy covariance measurements Gründach BER Structure Introduction Study area and measurement
More informationTechnical University of Moldova EMM Departament. plus. Author: Rachier Vasile. Scientific coordinator: prof. dr. ing. Sobor Ion
EMM Departament Author: Scientific coordinator: Rachier Vasile prof. dr. ing. Sobor Ion sre.utm@gmail.com, rachier.vasile@yahoo.com, http://www.energy.utm.md Chişinău 2012 The aim of the project: Integration
More informationTECHO-ECONOMIC SIMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF 4.5KW WIND/SOLAR MICRO-GENERATION SYSTEM FOR VICTORIAN CLIMATE
TECHO-ECONOMIC SIMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF 4.5KW WIND/SOLAR MICRO-GENERATION SYSTEM FOR VICTORIAN CLIMATE Kannan Jegathala Krishnan #1 Velumani Rajan *2 Balasubramani Mohan *3 Akhtar Kalam *4 Aladin
More informationWind Power and Comparison to Conventional Generation
Wind Power and Comparison to Conventional Generation PRAMOD JAIN, Ph.D. Consultant, USAID Power the Future October 1, 2018 Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan Venue: Almaty University of Power Engineering and
More informationValidation of Methods Used in the APVI Solar Potential Tool
Validation of Methods Used in the APVI Solar Potential Tool J. K. Copper 1, A. G. Bruce 1 1 School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia E-mail:
More informationUrban Greening and the UHI: Seasonal Trade-offs in Heating and Cooling Energy Consumption in Manchester, UK
Urban Greening and the UHI: Seasonal Trade-offs in Heating and Cooling Energy Consumption in Manchester, UK T H E R E S E A R C H E R S C y n t h i a S k e l h o r n PhD Physical Geography Post-Doctoral
More informationEVALUATION OF THE SOLAR INCOME FOR BRAŞOV URBAN AREA
Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov Vol. (5) - Series I: Engineering Sciences EVALUATION OF THE SOLAR INCOME FOR BRAŞOV URBAN AREA C. ŞERBAN E. EFTIMIE Abstract: Energy is an essential factor
More informationCharles D. Corbin & Gregor P. Henze
Assessing Impact of Large-Scale Distributed Residential HVAC Control Optimization on Electricity Grid Operation and Renewable Energy Integration May 11, 2015 Charles D. Corbin & Gregor P. Henze Department
More informationLecture 5: Transpiration
5-1 GEOG415 Lecture 5: Transpiration Transpiration loss of water from stomatal opening substomatal cavity chloroplasts cuticle epidermis mesophyll cells CO 2 H 2 O guard cell Evaporation + Transpiration
More informationAshenden House Wind Turbine Trial. CIBSE ASHRAE Seminar May 2009
Ashenden House Wind Turbine Trial CIBSE ASHRAE Seminar May 2009 PROJECT TEAM London Borough of Southwark: Tony Moseley, Sustainable Development and Infrastructure Manager; Client; data dissemination. Brian
More informationRETScreen. International CLEAN ENERGY PROJECT ANALYSIS: WIND ENERGY PROJECT ANALYSIS CHAPTER RETSCREEN ENGINEERING & CASES TEXTBOOK
RETScreen International Clean Energy Decision Support Centre www.retscreen.net CLEAN ENERGY PROJECT ANALYSIS: RETSCREEN ENGINEERING & CASES TEXTBOOK WIND ENERGY PROJECT ANALYSIS CHAPTER Disclaimer This
More informationTECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE EUROPEAN ELECTRICITY SYSTEM WITH 60% RES EDF R&D
TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE EUROPEAN ELECTRICITY SYSTEM WITH 60% RES EDF R&D Strasbourg, 13 Septembre 2016 1 The study: how can we integrate «a lot of RES» in power systems? 60 % RES (generation)
More informationSchedule 2 TECHNICAL INFORMATION
Schedule 2 TECHNICAL INFORMATION This document is intended to provide context to the Haida Gwaii Request for Expressions of Interest (RFEOI) for the potential electricity supply opportunity for clean electricity
More informationOptimized Design of Wind Farm Configuration: Case Study
Optimized Design of Wind Farm Configuration: Case Study Ismail 1, 6, Samsul Kamal 2, Purnomo 3, Sarjiya 4 and Prajitno 5 1 Mechanical Engineering Postgraduate Student, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jl. Grafika
More informationEnergy Resources and Policy Handout: Wind power
Energy Resources and Policy Handout: Wind power 1. The Resource Wind energy is very widespread, with mean wind speeds in excess of 5 m/s being quite common. It is not in general a predictable or dependable
More informationThe Near-Shore Wind Resource Assessment and Power Generation at Huasai, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Southern Thailand
รห สผลงาน: es022 การประช มว ชาการนานาชาต ว ศวกรรมเคม และเคม ประย กต แห งประเทศไทย คร งท 21 The Near-Shore Wind Resource Assessment and Power Generation at Huasai, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Southern Thailand
More informationModelling to measurements and back
Modelling to measurements and back Niels G Mortensen Resource Assessment Modelling Section SARETEC Study Tour DTU Risø Campus This material is not for public distribution. Any use of the material must
More informationTECHNICAL EVALUATION OF THE WIND RESOURCE IN VENEZUELA
TECHNICAL EVALUATION OF THE WIND RESOURCE IN VENEZUELA Marisabel Contreras- Vielma and Victor Vasil evich Elistratov Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya Str., St.Petersburg,
More informationASHENDEN WIND TURBINE TRIAL: PHASE I RESULTS
ASHENDEN WIND TURBINE TRIAL: PHASE I RESULTS PROJECT TEAM London Borough of Southwark: Tony Moseley, Sustainable Development and Infrastructure Manager; Client; data dissemination. Brian Dunlop Associates
More informationAdministration Division Public Works Department Anchorage: Performance. Value. Results.
Administration Division Anchorage: Performance. Value. Results. Mission Provide administrative, budgetary, fiscal, and personnel support to ensure departmental compliance with Municipal policies and procedures,
More informationVisualising Forest Edge Effects Ralph Torr Senior Engineer 25 June 2013
Visualising Forest Edge Effects Ralph Torr Senior Engineer 25 June 2013 Carbon Trust Project Power From Onshore Wind Farms: Advanced Measurement and Modelling (POWFARM) Acknowledgement of Work Conducted
More informationUniversity of Michigan Eco-Driving Index (EDI) Latest data: August 2017
University of Michigan Eco-Driving Index () http://www.ecodrivingindex.org Latest data: August 2017 Developed and issued monthly by Michael Sivak and Brandon Schoettle Sustainable Worldwide Transportation
More informationAssessment of wind resources and annual energy production of wind farms
Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Aug 22, 2018 Assessment of wind resources and annual energy production of wind farms Hasager, Charlotte Bay Publication date: 2012 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also
More informationSTUDY REGARDING THE ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION OF A PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR SYSTEM
Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov CIBv 2015 Vol. 8 (57) Special Issue No. 1-2015 STUDY REGARDING THE ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION OF A PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR SYSTEM C. MÂRZA 1 G. CORSIUC 2 Abstract:
More informationSolar Power Realities
Solar Power Realities Supply-Demand Characteristics, Storage and Capital Costs by Peter Lang Abstract This paper provides a simple analysis of the capital cost of solar power and energy storage sufficient
More informationThe Electronic Newsletter of The Industrial Refrigeration Consortium Vol. 15 No. 2, 2015
chan The Electronic Newsletter of The Industrial Refrigeration Consortium Vol. 15 No. 2, 2015 NET-ZERO ANALYSIS OF A REFRIGERATED WAREHOUSE PART 2: WIND & HYBRID In the last edition of the Cold Front (Vol.
More informationSolving Climate: The Need for Zero Carbon On-Demand Power
Solving Climate: The Need for Zero Carbon On-Demand Power Armond Cohen, Executive Director Clean Air Task Force National Coal Council 2016 Annual Spring Meeting April 20, 2016 STABILIZING CLIMATE MEANS
More informationWEIBULL AND CAUCHY DISTRIBUTION ANALYSES OF WIND PARAMETERS IN THE EASTERN PART OF ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA
Journal of Industrial Technology, 2018, 3 (1): 23-32 Journal Homepage: www.erjournals.com ISSN Online: 0184-7937 WEIBULL AND CAUCHY DISTRIBUTION ANALYSES OF WIND PARAMETERS IN THE EASTERN PART OF ANAMBRA
More informationClean Energy Extension
Clean Energy Extension ag.umass.edu/energy The Clean Energy Extension is an Affiliate of the UMass Amherst Center for Agriculture, Food and the Environment 209 Agricultural Engineering Building University
More informationWINDSIM STUDY OF HYBRID WIND FARM IN COMPLEX TERRAIN. A thesis PAUL HINES
WINDSIM STUDY OF HYBRID WIND FARM IN COMPLEX TERRAIN A thesis by PAUL HINES Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Gotland University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
More informationUSAP, AntNZ, Meridian Energy, Powercorp, RPSC, DOE-NSF Collaboration & The Ross Island Wind Project
USAP, AntNZ, Meridian Energy, Powercorp, RPSC, DOE-NSF Collaboration & The Ross Island Wind Project Owen Roberts 2012 Polar Technology Conference with thanks to Scott Bennett, Meridian Power; Ian Miller
More informationA New Type of Hybrid Groundwater Energy System
This case-history is about: A New Type of Hybrid Groundwater Energy System by Todd Giddings, Ph.D., P.G. My 10,000 square foot office building Located in State College, PA (5,600 hdd s) Constructed in
More informationPORTFOLIO OPTIMIZATION MODEL FOR ELECTRICITY PURCHASE IN LIBERALIZED ENERGY MARKETS
PORTFOLIO OPTIMIZATION MODEL FOR ELECTRICITY PURCHASE IN LIBERALIZED ENERGY MARKETS Edwin Castro CNEE Guatemala Viena, september 2009 What is the reason to develop this model? In our own electricity market
More informationWekweeti Wind Energy Pre-feasibility Analysis Summary
Wekweeti Wind Energy Pre-feasibility Analysis Summary Summary of Wind Study Since 2005, the Aurora Research Institute (ARI) has been researching the potential for wind energy project in several communities
More informationFeasibility Study of Developing Wind Power Projects in Iceland: An Economic Analysis. Thesis for the Master of Science Degree (MSc) Smári Jónasson
Feasibility Study of Developing Wind Power Projects in Iceland: An Economic Analysis Thesis for the Master of Science Degree (MSc) Smári Jónasson Department of Energy and Environment Division of Electric
More informationSolar System Analysis
Preliminary Analysis of an Industrial Photovoltaic System and Comparison of Its Performance with a Wind Energy System and a Fuel Cell Power System Amal Kabalan, LEED A.P. Consulting Engineer The purpose
More informationThe future of wind power
Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Dec 20, 2017 The future of wind power Aagaard Madsen, Helge Publication date: 2012 Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA): Aagaard Madsen, H. (2012). The future of wind
More informationA. Behaviour of the Wind
Preliminary Assessment of the Potential for Wind Farm Development in Southern Sri Lanka Supervised by: Nishantha Nanayakkara, Yushan De silva, Amila Fernando, Chamila Fernando, Nawoda Gunawardhana, Sandika
More informationSolar Resource Mapping Republic of Maldives
Solar Resource Mapping Republic of Maldives Supporting Strategic Planning and Commercial Development by Investing in Global Public Goods Ministry of Environment Project Scope and Methods Preliminary modelling
More informationCalifornia Independent System Operator Corporation. California ISO. Import resource adequacy. Department of Market Monitoring
k California Independent System Operator Corporation California ISO Import resource adequacy September 10, 2018 Department of Market Monitoring Summary This report provides an update of analysis and trends
More informationInternational Journal of Applied Science and Technology Vol. 2 No. 3; March 2012
nternational Journal of Applied Science and Technology ol. No. 3; March Performance Assessment of Polycrystalline Silicon Pv Modules in Low Latitude Regions as A Function of Temperature Abstract P.E. Ugwuoke,
More informationMARE MANASTIR 39.2 MW WIND FARM PROJECT, TURKEY
page 1 GOLD STANDARD VOLUNTARY EMISSION REDUCTION 3 RD PERIODIC MONITORING REPORT MONITORING PERIOD: 01/01/2009 28/02/2010 MARE MANASTIR 39.2 MW WIND FARM PROJECT, TURKEY CONTENTS A. General project activity
More information