APPENDIX R SHADOW FLICKER REPORT

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1 APPENDIX R SHADOW FLICKER REPORT

2 Shadow Flicker Study Palo Alto Wind Energy Project - Palo Alto County, Iowa Prepared for: Palo Alto Wind Energy LLC One South Wacker Drive Suite 1800 Chicago, Illinois Prepared by: Stantec Consulting Services Inc Scheuring Road De Pere, Wisconsin Project No: August 29, 2017

3 SHADOW FLICKER STUDY PALO ALTO WIND ENERGY PROJECT - PALO ALTO COUNTY, IOWA Table of Contents 1.0 INTRODUCTION SHADOW FLICKER AND REGULATIONS DESCRIPTION OF SHADOW FLICKER REGULATIONS WITHIN THE PROJECT AREA SHADOW FLICKER ANALYSIS SHADOW FLICKER ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY SHADOW FLICKER ANALYSIS RESULTS CONCLUSION... 5 FIGURES... 1 APPENDIX A... 2 LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Sunshine Probability (sun hours/possible sun hours)... 3 Table 2 Turbine Operational Time per Sector (hours per year)... 3 Table 3 Shadow Flicker Analysis Results (expected hours per year with 196 turbines)... 5 Table A-1 Project Turbine Coordinates Appendix A Table A-2 Project Receptor Coordinates Appendix A LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Project Area Expected Shadow Flicker (Vestas V ) List of Appendices Appendix A Turbine and Receptor Coordinates

4 SHADOW FLICKER STUDY PALO ALTO WIND ENERGY PROJECT - PALO ALTO COUNTY, IOWA 1.0 Introduction Palo Alto Wind Energy LLC (Palo Alto), a wholly owned subsidiary of Invenergy LLC, is considering the development and construction of a wind energy project in northcentral Iowa. The proposed project, known as the Palo Alto Energy Project (the Project), is located in Palo Alto County, Iowa, and will consist of up to 170 wind turbine generators (WTG or turbine) with a generating capacity of up to 340 megawatts (MW). Palo Alto retained Stantec Consulting Services Inc. (Stantec) to conduct an analysis of potential shadow on receptors for the area surrounding the proposed Project. The estimated shadow flicker within approximately 1.3 miles of 196 potential turbine sites was assessed and is summarized herein. Palo Alto proposes to construct wind turbines on 170 of the 196 sites. 2.0 Shadow Flicker and Regulations 2.1 DESCRIPTION OF SHADOW FLICKER Shadow flicker is a term used to describe the intermittent change in the intensity of light cast on an area resulting from the rotation of an operating wind turbine s blades. The presence and intensity of shadow flicker are dependent on many factors, including but not limited to the position of the sun in relation to the turbine and receptor, distance of receptor from turbine, physical characteristics of the turbine and blades, time of day, season of year and topography of the Project area. Shadow flicker only occurs during the day-time, when skies are not overcast or cloudy. Turbines must be operational, as the flicker effect is caused by rotation of the blades as they intercept the sunlight cast on a receptor. When a turbine is not operating, it may cast a stationary shadow, similar to the shadow cast by other objects such as trees or utility poles. The amount of shadow flicker received in an area is dependent on the alignment of the rotor blades in relation to the sun and receptor. Maximum shadow flicker is received when both the sun and rotor plane are perpendicular to the receptor. This alignment occurs when the wind is blowing directly from a source turbine towards a receptor. At times when the wind is blowing from other directions, the shadow cast on the target receptor is diminished and the shadow flicker effect passes more quickly. Shadow flicker also diminishes as the distance between the source turbine and receptor increases. It is generally accepted that flicker becomes imperceptible beyond approximately 1,500 meters. Between a distance of approximately 10 times the rotor 1

5 SHADOW FLICKER STUDY PALO ALTO WIND ENERGY PROJECT - PALO ALTO COUNTY, IOWA diameter and 1,500 meters, the flicker effect is less pronounced due to dissipation and the relative ratio of the turbine blade to the sun disk area. 2.2 REGULATIONS WITHIN THE PROJECT AREA Palo Alto will comply with the regulations as stated in the Palo Alto County Ordinance No (Ordinance). The Ordinance states that the wind farm developer use computer modeling to show that no non-participating permanent residential dwelling is anticipated to receive more than 30 hours of shadow flicker annually. This shadow study was conducted to better understand the potential shadow that may be present, due to the normal operation of the proposed Project, and to assess compliance with the shadow requirements of the ordinance. The model input parameters include the turbines operating under a normal schedule and conditions. The Ordinance states that if the owner of a permanent non-participating residence experiences more than 30 hours of shadow flicker per year under normal operating conditions, than the owner/developer shall mitigate such shadow flicker in order to comply with the Ordinance. 3.0 Shadow Flicker Analysis The potential amount of shadow flicker on receptors within the Project area was modeled using WindPRO Software by EMD, an application that considers the attributes and positions of the wind turbines in relation to receptors within the area. The model also considers the sun position as it passes through each day, 365 days per year. Palo Alto requested that 196 turbine locations be considered in the shadow analysis; however, only 170 turbines will be erected. The additional 26 alternate sites are included in the shadow model; therefore, the overall expected shadow from the final 170-turbine project will be less than the predicted shadow. 3.1 SHADOW FLICKER ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY The potential total time of shadow flicker on each receptor was estimated for the Project area using the Shadow Module of WindPRO Version 3.1 software. WindPRO is an industry-accepted modeling program that calculates the number of hours per year that any given receptor will receive shadow flicker from the source turbines. The results provided by WindPRO include both the worst case and expected amount of shadow flicker time. The worst-case scenario calculates the shadow flicker that would fall on a receptor if the sun was always shining during daylight hours, with no 2

6 SHADOW FLICKER STUDY PALO ALTO WIND ENERGY PROJECT - PALO ALTO COUNTY, IOWA obstructing cloud cover, and the turbines were always aligned to cast the broadest shadow on each receptor. The results of the worst-case scenario include the potential shadow hours per year, the shadow days per year that flicker is possible, and the maximum hours per day that shadow could occur. As these conditions will not occur in the real world, the model also calculates the shadow flicker that is expected to occur, considering the climatological conditions of the Project area. The expected impact analysis includes consideration of the amount of sunshine expected to occur within the area and the alignment of turbine blades due to wind direction. These parameters are model inputs based on climatological information acquired from the National Climatic Data Center, regional meteorological stations. The percentage of sunshine probability was estimated from an analysis of average sunshine statistics for the northwest and northcentral Iowa region. The climatologically based expected hours of sunshine for the Project area are presented in Table 1. The frequency of wind (hours per year) expected in 12 compass directions is summarized in Table 2. The total number of hours that turbines may cause shadow flicker takes into account non-operational time due to low or high wind speeds. The turbine type that Palo Alto proposes to use will generally operate when winds at hub-height are between 3 meters per second (m/s) and 21 m/s. The shadow flicker analysis uses a 90 percent operational-time for purposes of calculating the potential expected hours of shadow flicker. Table 1 Sunshine Probability (sun hours/possible sun hours) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Table 2 Turbine Operational Time per Sector (hours per year) N NNE ENE E ESE SSE S SSW WSW W WNW NNW TOTAL , ,157 7,885 The effect of shadow flicker is also dependent on the physical characteristics of the turbine model and the distance between the source turbine and shadow receptor. Palo Alto proposes to use the Vestas V MW turbine model with a maximum Project nameplate generating capacity of 340 MW. The analysis described in this report is based on the 196 turbines; however, as previously noted, only 170 turbines will be constructed. The turbine towers have a 95-meter tower height and a rotor diameter of 110 meters (360.9 feet). As previously described, the approximate cut-in speed of the V is approximately 3 m/s and the cut-out speed is approximately 21 m/s. The 3

7 SHADOW FLICKER STUDY PALO ALTO WIND ENERGY PROJECT - PALO ALTO COUNTY, IOWA individual locations of the wind turbines are based on the current design of the wind farm provided by Palo Alto. Elevations for turbines and receptors within approximately 2,100 meters (1.3 miles) of the turbines were calculated using the National Elevation Dataset digitally acquired from the U.S. Geological Survey. Receptors were identified by Palo Alto within the surrounding area utilizing aerial imagery and on-site reconnaissance. Rural receptors include occupied residences within 1.3 miles of the proposed turbine locations or within the Project area. A total of 268 potential receptors were identified and included in the analysis. The model utilizes a greenhouse approach which defines each receptor as a one-meter glass cube, representing a window able to receive shadow from all directions. Vegetation surrounding receptors will diminish the effect of shadow flicker. A conservative approach assuming that no vegetation is present was used in the analysis. Shadow flicker is widely considered imperceptible at a distance greater than 1,500 meters; however, Stantec conservatively analyzed the impact at all distances when more than 20 percent of the sun would be covered by a turbine blade. Shadow flicker does not occur when the sun-angle is less than three degrees above the horizon, due to atmospheric diffusion. 3.2 SHADOW FLICKER ANALYSIS RESULTS The amount of shadow flicker on receptors within the Project area was calculated based on the climatological history of wind speed, wind direction and percentage of sunshine for the turbine model proposed. Figure 1 presents a map of the Project area along with the expected shadow flicker hours per year if all 196 turbines were constructed and operational. Results of the analysis indicate that a majority of the residences within the area of analysis are expected to receive between 0 and 10 hours of shadow flicker each year. Of the 268 potential receptors analyzed, approximately 35 residences are expected to receive between 10 and 20 hours of shadow flicker each year. Approximately 13 residences are expected to receive between 20 and 30 total hours of shadow annually. One residence is expected to receive more than 30 shadow hours annually; however, the residence is owned by a participant in the Project. The expected hours of shadow on many receptors will be less than predicted, as only 170 of the 196 potential turbines will be constructed. Table 3 summarizes the predicted shadow flicker expected at receptors within the study area. 4

8 SHADOW FLICKER STUDY PALO ALTO WIND ENERGY PROJECT - PALO ALTO COUNTY, IOWA Table 3 Shadow Flicker Analysis Results (expected hours per year with 196 turbines) Annual Shadow Hours Number of Receptors within Approximately 1.3 Miles of Project Turbines (196 possible turbine locations) Less than Greater than Conclusion The analysis of potential shadow flicker from the Palo Alto Wind Energy Project on inhabited residences and other sensitive receptors (e.g., schools, hospitals, churches, etc.) within approximately 2,100 meters (1.3 miles) was assessed using WindPRO s Version 3.1 Shadow Module software. The results indicate that shadow flicker received by most residents within the Project area is expected to be minimal. The Palo Alto County Ordinance requires that non-participating permanent residential buildings receive no more than 30 hours of shadow flicker per year. Palo Alto will comply with the ordinance. No non-participating residential receptors within the Project area are expected to receive more than 30 hours of shadow flicker each year. Thirteen receptors analyzed are expected to receive between 20 and 30 hours of shadow flicker per year. The majority of residences within and adjacent to the Project are expected to receive less than ten hours of shadow flicker per year. This analysis was performed using conservative model inputs and does not include the blocking of shadow flicker due to vegetation or other obstacles. Obstacles such as barns, garages or silos may further reduce the effect of shadow flicker on an individual receptor. The results discussed in this report assume that all 196 turbines are operational. Palo Alto plans to construct turbines at 170 of the 196 locations analyzed; therefore, expected annual shadow hours will be less than the results of this analysis. 5

9 SHADOW FLICKER STUDY PALO ALTO WIND ENERGY PROJECT - PALO ALTO COUNTY, IOWA Figures

10 EMMET COUNTY PALO ALTO COUNTY T-001 T-002 Figure No. 1 Title Shadow Model Results 490Th Ave T-003 T-004 Client/Project Invenergy, LLC Palo Alto Wind Energy Project Location Palo Alto Co., IA Prepared by MPG on Technical Review by JJB on Independent Review by JM on Th Ave 280Th St T-022 T-023 County Hwy B14 0 1,500 3,000 Feet 1:36,000 (At original document size of 11x17) $ ( $ Legend R:\gis\Projects_for_Other_Offices\ _PaloAlto_WF\gis_cad\gis\mxds\shadow\PaloAlto_WF_shadow_ mxd Revised: By: jblank County Hwy N Th Ave T-033 T-034 T-035 T-123 T-097 T-061 T-124 T-098 T-062 T-099 T-100 T-036 T-037 T-063 T-038 T-064 T-039 T-125 T-126 T-065 T-066 T-067 T-101 T-102 T-020 T-021 T-068 T-069 T-070 T-128 T-129 T-040 T-041 T-071 T-103 T-104 T-130 T-131 T-042 T-043 T-072 T-044 T-073 T-074 T-075 T-076 T-077 T-078 T-079 T-105 T-106 T-107 T-108 T-132 T-133 T-109 T-080 T-081 T-110 T-111 T-134 T-135 T-136 T-045 T-046 T-047 T-082 T-083 T-144 T-145 Disclaimer: Stantec assumes no responsibility for data supplied in electronic format. The recipient accepts full responsibility for verifying the accuracy and completeness of the data. The recipient releases Stantec, its officers, employees, consultants and agents, from any and all claims arising in any way from the content or provision of the data. T-048 T-146 T-112 T-137 Project Boundary Turbine (L027) Residence - Non-Participant Residence - Participant Shadow (Expected Annual Hours) - L Emmet ST ST Kossuth 3 4 Palo Alto Clay ST Notes 1. Coordinate System: NAD 1983 UTM Zone 15N 2. Data Sources Include: Stantec, Invenergy, NADS 3. Orthophotography: 2015 NAIP Page 1 of 4 169

11 R:\gis\Projects_for_Other_Offices\ _PaloAlto_WF\gis_cad\gis\mxds\shadow\PaloAlto_WF_shadow_ mxd Revised: By: jblank T-046 T-047 T-083 T-144 T-145 T-003 T-004 County Hwy B14 T-048 T-049 T-146 T-112 T-137 T-113 T-005 T Th Ave T-085 T-114 T-115 T-147 T-006 T-024 T-051 T-052 T-086 T-007 T-008 T-009 T-116 T Th St T-010 T-011 T-012 T-025 T-026 T-027 T-028 T-029 T-030 T-148 T-087 T-138 T-053 T-088 T-054 T-139 T-089 T-118 T-119 T-149 T-090 T-013 T-014 T-015 T-016 T-017 T-120 T-031 T-150 T-151 T-121 T-055 T-032 T-122 T-056 T-057 T-058 T-018 T-019 T-092 T-093 T-094 T-095 T-140 EMMET COUNTY PALO ALTO COUNTY T-096 T-059 T-060 T-141 T-142 T-143 T-152 PALO ALTO COUNTY County Hwy B19 T-153 T-154 Disclaimer: Stantec assumes no responsibility for data supplied in electronic format. The recipient accepts full responsibility for verifying the accuracy and completeness of the data. The recipient releases Stantec, its officers, employees, consultants and agents, from any and all claims arising in any way from the content or provision of the data. KOSSUTH COUNTY 310Th St Figure No. 1 Title Shadow Model Results Client/Project Invenergy, LLC Palo Alto Wind Energy Project Location Prepared by MPG on Palo Alto Co., IA Technical Review by JJB on Independent Review by JM on $ 0 1,500 3,000 Feet 1:36,000 (At original document size of 11x17) Legend Clay Project Boundary Turbine (L027) Residence - Non-Participant Residence - Participant Shadow (Expected Annual Hours) - L027 Notes ST 314 Emmet ST 4 ST 15 Palo Alto Coordinate System: NAD 1983 UTM Zone 15N 2. Data Sources Include: Stantec, Invenergy, NADS 3. Orthophotography: 2015 NAIP Kossuth 18 ( $ 169 Page 2 of 4

12 R:\gis\Projects_for_Other_Offices\ _PaloAlto_WF\gis_cad\gis\mxds\shadow\PaloAlto_WF_shadow_ mxd Revised: By: jblank T-125 T-126 T-165 T T-146 T-155 T-156 T-167 T Th St 530Th Ave County Hwy N60 T-169 T-148 T-170 T-171 Disclaimer: Stantec assumes no responsibility for data supplied in electronic format. The recipient accepts full responsibility for verifying the accuracy and completeness of the data. The recipient releases Stantec, its officers, employees, consultants and agents, from any and all claims arising in any way from the content or provision of the data. T-176 T-177 T-178 T-180 T-182 Figure No. 1 Title Shadow Model Results Client/Project Invenergy, LLC Palo Alto Wind Energy Project Location Prepared by MPG on Palo Alto Co., IA Technical Review by JJB on Independent Review by JM on $ 0 1,500 3,000 Feet 1:36,000 (At original document size of 11x17) Legend Clay Project Boundary Turbine (L027) Residence - Non-Participant Residence - Participant Shadow (Expected Annual Hours) - L027 Notes ST 314 Emmet ST 4 ST 15 Palo Alto Coordinate System: NAD 1983 UTM Zone 15N 2. Data Sources Include: Stantec, Invenergy, NADS 3. Orthophotography: 2015 NAIP Kossuth 18 ( $ 169 Page 3 of 4

13 R:\gis\Projects_for_Other_Offices\ _PaloAlto_WF\gis_cad\gis\mxds\shadow\PaloAlto_WF_shadow_ mxd Revised: By: jblank T-166 T-146 T-148 T-155 T T-167 T Th St 530Th Ave County Hwy N60 T-169 T-170 T-171 T-176 T-177 T-178 T-157 T-158 T-172 T-173 T-174 T-175 T-179 T-159 T-180 T-181 T-182 T-183 T-184 T-185 T-186 T-187 T-188 T-160 T-161 T-189 T-190 T-191 T-192 T-193 T-194 T-195 T-196 T-197 T-198 T-199 T-152 T-162 T-163 T-153 T-154 T-164 Disclaimer: Stantec assumes no responsibility for data supplied in electronic format. The recipient accepts full responsibility for verifying the accuracy and completeness of the data. The recipient releases Stantec, its officers, employees, consultants and agents, from any and all claims arising in any way from the content or provision of the data. PALO ALTO COUNTY KOSSUTH COUNTY Figure No. 1 Title Shadow Model Results Client/Project Invenergy, LLC Palo Alto Wind Energy Project Location Prepared by MPG on Palo Alto Co., IA Technical Review by JJB on Independent Review by JM on $ 0 1,500 3,000 Feet 1:36,000 (At original document size of 11x17) Legend Clay Project Boundary Turbine (L027) Residence - Non-Participant Residence - Participant Shadow (Expected Annual Hours) - L027 Notes ST 314 Emmet ST 4 ST 15 Palo Alto Coordinate System: NAD 1983 UTM Zone 15N 2. Data Sources Include: Stantec, Invenergy, NADS 3. Orthophotography: 2015 NAIP Kossuth 18 ( $ 169 Page 4 of 4

14 SHADOW FLICKER STUDY PALO ALTO WIND ENERGY PROJECT - PALO ALTO COUNTY, IOWA Appendix A Turbine and Receptor Coordinates (UTM Zone 15)

15 Table A-1 Palo Alto Wind Energy - Proposed Turbine Locations Turbine Turbine T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T /29/2017 Page 1 of 3

16 Table A-1 Palo Alto Wind Energy - Proposed Turbine Locations Turbine Turbine T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T /29/2017 Page 2 of 3

17 Table A-1 Palo Alto Wind Energy - Proposed Turbine Locations Turbine Turbine T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T /29/2017 Page 3 of 3

18 Table A-2 Palo Alto Wind Energy - Receptor Locations in Model Receptor Receptor R-001-NP 361,185 4,787,179 R-041-NP 365,275 4,791,712 R-002-NP 361,306 4,788,230 R-042-NP 365,434 4,787,185 R-003-NP 361,630 4,783,504 R-043-NP 365,512 4,784,700 R-004-NP 361,686 4,783,782 R-044-NP 365,515 4,792,143 R-005-NP 361,864 4,789,026 R-045-NP 365,617 4,788,995 R-006-NP 361,924 4,784,271 R-046-NP 365,838 4,781,467 R-007-NP 361,952 4,785,301 R-047-NP 366,134 4,784,156 R-008-NP 361,955 4,784,653 R-048-NP 366,422 4,788,821 R-009-NP 361,969 4,781,039 R-049-NP 366,596 4,781,605 R-010-NP 362,038 4,781,711 R-050-NP 366,625 4,779,805 R-011-NP 362,061 4,785,396 R-051-NP 366,650 4,779,860 R-012-NP 362,073 4,781,075 R-052-P 366,682 4,788,990 R-013-NP 362,077 4,791,055 R-053-NP 366,761 4,783,961 R-014-NP 362,274 4,784,317 R-054-P 366,860 4,784,154 R-015-NP 362,346 4,785,865 R-055-NP 366,937 4,788,766 R-016-NP 362,777 4,782,524 R-056-NP 366,996 4,791,355 R-017-NP 362,924 4,791,890 R-057-NP 367,014 4,781,331 R-018-NP 363,190 4,779,762 R-058-NP 367,083 4,787,380 R-019-NP 363,257 4,788,804 R-059-NP 367,235 4,788,998 R-020-NP 363,357 4,789,074 R-060-NP 367,301 4,780,856 R-021-NP 363,432 4,779,894 R-061-NP 367,483 4,782,657 R-022-NP 363,458 4,792,108 R-062-NP 367,822 4,782,660 R-023-NP 363,470 4,779,975 R-063-NP 367,893 4,777,852 R-024-NP 363,471 4,780,044 R-064-NP 367,968 4,788,858 R-025-NP 363,483 4,780,289 R-065-NP 368,187 4,782,533 R-026-NP 363,508 4,781,539 R-066-NP 368,283 4,791,151 R-027-NP 363,563 4,780,149 R-067-NP 368,343 4,777,909 R-028-NP 363,572 4,785,077 R-068-NP 368,352 4,776,869 R-029-NP 363,718 4,787,927 R-069-NP 368,426 4,782,362 R-030-NP 364,147 4,792,178 R-070-NP 368,494 4,784,045 R-031-NP 364,377 4,781,208 R-071-NP 368,585 4,790,510 R-032-NP 364,456 4,789,727 R-072-NP 369,279 4,791,716 R-033-NP 364,504 4,788,920 R-073-NP 369,613 4,782,412 R-034-P 364,564 4,789,304 R-074-NP 369,709 4,780,910 R-035-NP 365,157 4,783,504 R-075-NP 369,873 4,779,401 R-036-NP 365,160 4,783,798 R-076-NP 369,927 4,783,323 R-037-NP 365,179 4,785,901 R-077-P 370,122 4,786,547 R-038-NP 365,185 4,782,199 R-078-NP 370,146 4,788,487 R-039-NP 365,188 4,786,726 R-079-NP 370,276 4,780,735 R-040-NP 365,201 4,789,024 R-080-NP 370,714 4,780,870 08/29/2017 Page 1 of 4

19 Table A-2 Palo Alto Wind Energy - Receptor Locations in Model Receptor Receptor R-081-P 371,379 4,779,094 R-121-NP 374,721 4,782,239 R-082-NP 371,381 4,780,857 R-122-NP 374,807 4,783,328 R-083-NP 371,407 4,775,513 R-123-NP 374,813 4,784,564 R-084-NP 371,492 4,780,480 R-124-NP 374,821 4,788,945 R-085-NP 371,495 4,775,497 R-125-P 374,875 4,788,002 R-086-NP 371,526 4,782,747 R-126-NP 374,896 4,786,188 R-087-NP 371,647 4,782,151 R-127-NP 375,076 4,786,205 R-088-NP 371,681 4,781,327 R-128-NP 375,266 4,775,949 R-089-NP 371,715 4,791,379 R-129-P 375,662 4,779,048 R-090-NP 371,747 4,779,304 R-130-NP 375,683 4,777,611 R-091-NP 372,087 4,787,827 R-131-NP 375,699 4,776,046 R-092-NP 372,142 4,776,155 R-132-P 375,753 4,785,723 R-093-NP 372,389 4,779,211 R-133-P 375,755 4,785,696 R-094-NP 372,698 4,782,352 R-134-P 376,071 4,788,798 R-095-NP 372,708 4,779,272 R-135-NP 376,147 4,784,021 R-096-NP 372,795 4,780,851 R-136-NP 376,341 4,784,657 R-097-NP 373,187 4,779,272 R-137-NP 376,347 4,785,230 R-098-NP 373,203 4,777,741 R-138-P 376,350 4,776,008 R-099-NP 373,232 4,782,006 R-139-NP 376,365 4,785,191 R-100-NP 373,260 4,784,579 R-140-NP 376,373 4,781,167 R-101-NP 373,289 4,791,900 R-141-NP 376,377 4,780,280 R-102-NP 373,297 4,786,431 R-142-NP 376,528 4,791,983 R-103-NP 373,353 4,783,728 R-143-NP 376,541 4,782,054 R-104-NP 373,354 4,777,095 R-144-NP 376,871 4,784,950 R-105-NP 373,711 4,773,196 R-145-NP 376,872 4,772,789 R-106-NP 373,734 4,780,845 R-146-NP 376,902 4,772,801 R-107-NP 373,804 4,791,903 R-147-P 377,014 4,774,303 R-108-NP 373,972 4,774,372 R-148-NP 377,206 4,791,673 R-109-NP 374,112 4,772,770 R-149-NP 377,225 4,776,031 R-110-NP 374,266 4,779,254 R-150-NP 377,256 4,784,022 R-111-NP 374,311 4,785,636 R-151-NP 377,310 4,788,665 R-112-NP 374,563 4,775,356 R-152-NP 377,445 4,777,533 R-113-NP 374,605 4,778,044 R-153-P 377,589 4,785,567 R-114-NP 374,606 4,778,489 R-154-NP 377,735 4,783,882 R-115-P 374,640 4,783,738 R-155-NP 377,817 4,778,954 R-116-NP 374,640 4,774,621 R-156-NP 377,872 4,777,130 R-117-NP 374,667 4,780,134 R-157-NP 377,886 4,781,702 R-118-NP 374,672 4,781,078 R-158-NP 377,888 4,781,346 R-119-NP 374,677 4,781,021 R-159-NP 377,907 4,774,629 R-120-NP 374,708 4,782,410 R-160-P 377,916 4,787,291 08/29/2017 Page 2 of 4

20 Table A-2 Palo Alto Wind Energy - Receptor Locations in Model Receptor Receptor R-161-NP 378,086 4,790,811 R-201-NP 380,879 4,781,715 R-162-NP 378,096 4,791,578 R-202-NP 380,924 4,771,628 R-163-NP 378,201 4,776,030 R-203-NP 381,015 4,778,019 R-164-NP 378,218 4,782,377 R-204-NP 381,015 4,782,535 R-165-NP 378,286 4,780,851 R-205-NP 381,119 4,787,574 R-166-NP 378,367 4,774,294 R-206-NP 381,132 4,778,808 R-167-NP 378,444 4,772,669 R-207-NP 381,150 4,791,539 R-168-NP 378,555 4,785,592 R-208-P 381,155 4,784,108 R-169-P 378,590 4,783,809 R-209-NP 381,157 4,780,339 R-170-NP 378,597 4,777,602 R-210-NP 381,164 4,779,159 R-171-NP 379,075 4,775,983 R-211-NP 381,233 4,787,868 R-172-NP 379,139 4,771,784 R-212-NP 381,265 4,788,380 R-173-NP 379,272 4,772,760 R-213-NP 381,285 4,789,832 R-174-NP 379,320 4,791,552 R-214-NP 381,315 4,771,601 R-175-NP 379,324 4,779,687 R-215-P 381,364 4,777,437 R-176-NP 379,367 4,782,748 R-216-NP 381,487 4,784,076 R-177-NP 379,409 4,771,623 R-217-NP 381,489 4,772,720 R-178-NP 379,445 4,780,295 R-218-NP 381,579 4,791,715 R-179-NP 379,514 4,780,028 R-219-P 381,890 4,785,522 R-180-P 379,533 4,789,647 R-220-NP 382,149 4,788,670 R-181-NP 379,553 4,784,958 R-221-NP 382,210 4,780,552 R-182-NP 379,554 4,784,128 R-222-NP 382,266 4,780,553 R-183-NP 379,567 4,788,600 R-223-NP 382,323 4,774,278 R-184-NP 379,639 4,782,476 R-224-NP 382,519 4,779,621 R-185-P 379,651 4,779,213 R-225-P 382,534 4,782,123 R-186-NP 379,703 4,786,515 R-226-NP 382,560 4,773,366 R-187-P 379,744 4,779,198 R-227-NP 382,577 4,787,046 R-188-NP 379,783 4,784,104 R-228-NP 382,677 4,783,491 R-189-NP 379,880 4,772,154 R-229-NP 382,687 4,777,003 R-190-NP 379,925 4,777,006 R-230-NP 382,766 4,779,003 R-191-NP 379,997 4,778,963 R-231-NP 382,776 4,781,455 R-192-NP 380,001 4,785,492 R-232-NP 382,844 4,791,393 R-193-P 380,086 4,787,994 R-233-NP 382,898 4,775,355 R-194-NP 380,143 4,777,554 R-234-NP 382,923 4,772,696 R-195-NP 380,216 4,791,847 R-235-NP 382,961 4,791,273 R-196-NP 380,342 4,779,106 R-236-NP 382,996 4,774,337 R-197-NP 380,568 4,774,509 R-237-NP 383,103 4,785,287 R-198-NP 380,584 4,779,167 R-238-NP 383,144 4,787,153 R-199-NP 380,667 4,790,255 R-239-NP 383,179 4,772,615 R-200-NP 380,768 4,780,170 R-240-NP 383,226 4,785,489 08/29/2017 Page 3 of 4

21 Table A-2 Palo Alto Wind Energy - Receptor Locations in Model Receptor R-241-NP 383,267 4,780,655 R-242-NP 383,414 4,779,099 R-243-NP 383,439 4,775,891 R-244-NP 383,446 4,783,980 R-245-NP 383,660 4,774,301 R-246-NP 383,810 4,787,207 R-247-NP 383,914 4,782,388 R-248-NP 384,138 4,785,361 R-249-NP 384,188 4,774,077 R-250-NP 384,207 4,775,525 R-251-NP 384,209 4,776,916 R-252-NP 384,221 4,775,812 R-253-NP 384,250 4,786,970 R-254-NP 384,256 4,778,523 R-255-NP 384,311 4,775,115 R-256-NP 384,322 4,776,151 R-257-NP 384,333 4,775,106 R-258-NP 384,337 4,786,460 R-259-NP 384,341 4,778,153 R-260-NP 384,365 4,782,407 R-261-NP 384,393 4,791,372 R-262-NP 384,397 4,789,480 R-263-NP 384,420 4,788,372 R-264-NP 384,503 4,788,729 R-265-NP 384,661 4,783,853 R-266-NP 384,856 4,780,583 R-267-NP 385,004 4,782,056 R-268-NP 385,164 4,780,787 08/29/2017 Page 4 of 4

Appendix K Shadow Flicker Study

Appendix K Shadow Flicker Study Shadow Flicker Assessment- Honeywood Final Report Submitted to: Geilectric 1850, Panama Street, Suite 501 Brossard (Québec) Canada J4W 3C6 Classification: Reference: Honeywood_ShadowFlickering