A theoretical assessment of microplastic transport in river catchments and their retention by soils and river sediments.

Transcription

1 Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Supplementary information to A theoretical assessment of microplastic transport in river catchments and their retention by soils and river sediments. Luca Nizzetto 1,2 *, Gianbattista Bussi 3, Martyn N. Futter 4, Dan Butterfield 1, Paul G. Whitehead 3 1 Norwegian Institute for Water Research, NO-0349, Oslo, Norway. 2 Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic. 3 School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK. 4 Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden. Contact information Luca Nizzetto Luca.nizzetto@niva.no

2

3 Table S1. Summary of MP properties, and sources (data extracted from ref ) Polymer type Density (kg m -3 ) Polystyrene (expanded) (EPS) Polypropylene (PP) Polyethylene (PE) Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) Polystyrene (PS) Common uses On-land sources of MP Pathway to streams Bait boxes, floats, cups, expanded packaging Rope, bottle caps, gear, strapping, personal care products Plastic bags, bottles, six-pack rings, gear, personal care products Roofing felt and car tyres Electronics and electrics, car interior, toys Utensils, containers, packaging MP Size range (mm) landfills/recycling facilities/littering Discharge of primary MP containing municipal wastewater effluents personal care products Unintentional spill of pellets during landfills/recycling facilities/littering Discharge of primary MP containing municipal wastewater effluents personal care products Unintentional spill of pellets during landfills/recycling facilities/littering surface, municipal wastewater City dust, Car tyre abrasion effluents, canalization, Wind/precipitations Releases from MP containing sewage Surface Unintentional spill of pellets during Abrasion and breaking down during processing or product usage Unintentional spill of pellets during landfills/recycling facilities/littering Abrasion and breaking down during processing or product usage/releases of beads during industrial processes Releases from MP containing sewage Surface

4 Polyamide or nylon (PA) Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Polyurethane (PUR) 1200 Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) Gear, rope, textiles Film, pipe, containers, carpentry Insulation, filling materials Packaging, cups, mulch fim City dust surface, municipal wastewater effluents, canalization, Wind/precipitations Surface weathering surface, municipal wastewater effluents, canalization Surface abrasion/deflashing processes landfills/recycling facilities/littering Releases from MP containing sewage Surface City dust surface, municipal wastewater effluents, canalization, Wind/precipitations Abrasion and breaking down during processing or product usage/releases of beads during industrial processes Releases from MP containing sewage Surface Unintentional spill of pellets during landfills/recycling facilities/littering Surface abrasion/deflashing/industrial processing Weathering of PVC containing products during use Coating erosion and abrasive blasting activities landfills/recycling facilities/littering Releases from MP containing sewage landfills/recycling facilities/littering Surface abrasion/deflashing/industrial processing Weathering of PVC containing products surface from urban areas, municipal wastewater effluents, canalization,, canalization, canalization Surface surface from urban areas,

5 Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) Polyester resin + glass fibers Polyethersulfone (PES) Polytetrafluorethyl ene PTFE (aka Teflon) Bottles, strapping, gear, textile Textiles, leisure boats, furnitures Personal care products, lighting fixtures, Electrics and electronics, Surgical and medical devices, Automotive components, Food service components Personal care products, sealing, mechanical and industrial components during use municipal wastewater effluents, canalization, Unintentional spill of pellets during landfills/recycling facilities/littering surface from urban areas, Weathering of PVC containing products municipal wastewater effluents, during use canalization, Surface abrasion/deflashing/industrial processing landfills/recycling facilities/littering Weathering of PVC containing products during use Discharge of primary MP containing personal care products Unintentional spill of pellets during landfills/recycling facilities/littering Releases from MP containing sewage Discharge of primary MP containing personal care products Abrasion and breaking down during processing or product usage Releases from MP containing sewage surface from urban areas, municipal wastewater effluents, canalization, municipal wastewater effluents Surface municipal wastewater effluents Surface

6 Table S2. The subcatchment information of the Thames system No. Reach Name Length (m) Area Land use % (m 2 ) Arable Pasture Forest Urban 1 Crickdale Castle to Pinkhill Pinkhill to Osney Osney to Culham Days Weir Days Weir to Caversham Caversham to Shepperton Mosley Teddington Table S3. Statistic of the relationship between observed and predicted data of water discharge and suspended sediments. No. Reach Name Water discharge N-S coefficient Water discharge R 2 Suspended sediment R 2 Suspended sediments Percent bias 1 Crickdale Castle to Pinkhill 2 Pinkhill to Osney Osney to Culham Days Weir Days Weir to Caversham 6 Caversham to Shepperton 7 Mosley Teddington

7 Figure S1. Modelled (red lines) and observed (dotted line) data of water discharge in 3 selected reaches of the Thames REACH 5 REACH 8

8 Figure S2. Modelled (red line) and observed (dots) data of suspended sediment concentrations in three selected reaches of the Thames

9 References 1. Lassen C., S. F. Hansen, K. Magnusson, F. Noren, N. I. Bloch Hartmann, P. R. Jensen, T. G. Nielsen and A. Brinch, Microplastics - Occurrence, effects and sources of releases to the environment in Denmark, Copenhagen, P. Sundt, P.-E. Schulze and F. Syversen, Sources of microplastics-pollution to the marine environmnet, Report M , Mepex, K. Magnusson, K. Eliasson, A. Fråne, K. Haikonen, J. Hultén, M. Olshammar, J. Stadmark and A. Voisin, Swedish sources and pathways for microplastics to the marine environment, IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, 2013.