CO2 Storage Experiences Why is it safe?
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1 CO2 Storage Experiences Why is it safe? Dr. Ing. Tore A Torp, Adviser CO 2 Storage, Statoil, Norway 1
2 CO2 Storage Experiences Why is it safe? CONTENT: Challenge, Vision & History Sleipner, In Salah & Snohvit What did we find? Why is it safe? 2
3 3 Classification: ion: Internal Classification: Internal
4 Worst case scenario is business as usual! Need to get started now! 4
5 5
6 CO 2 Capture and Storage (CCS) needs two legs to walk! Leg 1: TRUST in Storage Leg 2: COST of Capture Methods from oil and gas industry Energy use Geology varies from place to place Costs More demonstrations Better technologies Pace: CO 2 Transport Pipeline Ship Large projects 6
7 Sleipner, In Salah & Snohvit What did we find? 7
8 Sleipner CO 2 injection: - Decided in In operation since million tonne CO 2 /år Time Magazine, 17. May
9 The Utsira Formation 9
10 10
11 Snøhvit, the next field to implement CO 2 storage 11
12 Snøhvit All subsea Depth: 330 m 160 km 12
13 Snohvit CO 2 Injection 13
14 Norway as a CO 2 -laboratory Cleaning up our operations CO 2 from natural gas Snøhvit, 0,7 Mt/yr, 2008 Snøhvit LNG train 2? Cleaning up our products CO 2 from power and industry Tjeldbergodden, 1,5 Mt/yr 2012? NORWAY Mongstad, 1,3-2,1 Mt/yr, 2018 Kårstø, 1 Mt/yr, 2018? Sleipner, 1 Mt/yr,
15 Mongstad Combined Heat and Power (CHP) station with CO 2 -capture plant indicated 15
16 CO2 Storage Sites off Norwegian West Coast? Site characterisation: 3 new sites formation west of Mongstad Extend mapping of Utsira fm. Transport med pipe and/or ship 2 1 CO 2 from Kårstø : 1.1 Mt/year Mongstad 2,2 Mt/year + extra volumes? 3 16
17 CO2 Storage Why is it safe? 17
18 Previous Experiences with CO2 & Injection Enhanced Oil Recovery (Texas, Hungary, Turkey, Brazil,Croatia) Natural gas cleaning Transport Pipelines & Ships Natural gas re-injection Natural gas underground storage and Beer & soft drinks, dry cleaning, food packaging, fire extinguishers Every day life 18
19 Yara CO 2 -tankers, 1500 m 3 capacity 19
20 20 20
21 Simulated picture of the distribution of CO 2 after three years. Radius of largest bubble 800 m and the total plume 200 m high. Ref: SINTEF Petroleum
22 Dissolution of CO2 in the Utsira Brine Year 2021 Year 2412 Year 2621 Year 5019 Year 7018 Source: Gemini No. 1, 2004 (NTNU and Sintef) 22
23 23 Tordis incident Water re-injection Visund Tordis ~200 meter thick Oseberg& Brage meter thick Sleipner Classification: Internal Classification: Internal
24 SAFETY STRATEGY -Search and Select - Monitor - Remediate 24
25 What is keeping the CO2 down? Trapping Mechanisms Closure - from day one faults? Micro-pore trapping - during injection - lasting Dissolution in water - sinking to the bottom centuries Mineral binding - precipitating solids centuries/millennia 25
26 Possible Leakage? Leakage ways? WELLS - Corrosion of cement & steel Faults/Cracks Overpressure critical Underground fluid mobility Site specific 26
27 WHAT IF - COSEQUENCES? Land on site - Known from previous experience Land landscape Analogues from volcanic areas Sea free water Known from previous R&D Sea bottom We need to know more 27
28 28
29 Monitoring and safety over TIME? Before start: Site selection, Planning and Risk assessment =>licence During injection: Monitoring Watch the barn doors => report Closure: Post-closure: Monitoring and long-term risk => agreement Monitoring gradually less => hand-over Safety against leakage will be better over time! 29
30 THANKS for your attention! QUESTIONS? 30
31 Norway as a CO 2 laboratory 31 Halten CO 2 in aquifer storage ? Snøhvit - all subsea Snøhvit, 2007 Melkøya LNG - 0,7 million tonn/y from 2007 Melkøya LNG plant with CO 2 capture North Sea CO 2 storage in aquifer ? Sleipner - CO 2 capture and storage CO 2 Transport Yara CO 2 tankers, 1500 m3 capacity Johansen Sleipner 1 million tonn/y from 1996 Laying a new pipeline in the ocean Halten Tjeldbergodden - 2,5 million tonn/y, 2012? Mongstad 1,3 to 2,1 million tonn/y, 2014 Kårstø 1 million tonn/y, 2011/2012? Methanol plant at Tjeldbergodden - future capture site? Mongstad combined heat and power (CHP) station with CO 2 capture plant -European Test Center Mongstad & Full scale capture Kårstø gas power station with CO 2 capture 31
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