Utblick lagstiftning och rening av mikroföroreningar i Schweiz

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1 Verband Schweizer Abwasser- und Gewässerschutzfachleute Association suisse des professionnels de la protection des eaux Associazione svizzera dei professionisti della protezione delle acque Swiss Water Pollution Control Association Utblick lagstiftning och rening av mikroföroreningar i Schweiz #NAM17, Växjö, Dr. Christian Abegglen, VSA

2 Verband Schweizer Abwasser- und Gewässerschutzfachleute Association suisse des professionnels de la protection des eaux Associazione svizzera dei professionisti della protezione delle acque Swiss Water Pollution Control Association Micropollutants in Switzerland From Research to Legislation to Implementation #NAM17, Växjö, Dr. Christian Abegglen, VSA / ERZ

3 Some key figures on Swiss Wastewater» Approx. Municipal 750 WWTP (> 100 PE) Rechen Sand-/ Fettfang Vorklärung Fällmittel Belebung Nachklärung Mechanical treatment Biological treatment Eindicker Gasometer Gasnutzung Trocknung/ Verbrennung Sludge treatment Faulraum Nacheindicker Entwässerung Micropollutants in Switzerland 3

4 MICROPOLLUTANTS IN SWISS SURFACE WATERS (FROM RESEARCH )

5 Micropollutants Substances contained in...» Pharmaceuticals» Food» Cosmetics» Coatings» Pesticides» Micropollutants in Switzerland 5

6 Problems in Switzerland High Population density Small creeks Low dilution of wastewater Low population density Large rivers (glaciers, ) Micropollutants in Switzerland 6

7 Program «Strategy Micropoll»» FOEN Project ,» Overview on micropollutants in Swiss surface Waters» Evaluation of measures to reduce the input» Focus: municipal wastewater Where do we have a problem? Identification of relevant substances? Evaluation of measures High micropollutant concentrations in surface waters with high share of municipal wastewater Most relevant point source: municipal wastewater Technical measures at WWTP: feasible (technically and economically) Micropollutants in Switzerland Seite 7

8 Program «Strategy Micropoll» High micropollutant concentrations in surface waters with high share of municipal wastewater Most relevant point source: municipal wastewater Technical measures at WWTP: feasible (technically and economically) Upgrade of selected WWTP leads to a significant improvement! Micropollutants in Switzerland 8

9 POLITICAL PROCESS ( TO LEGISLATION )

10 Basic goals (Strategy) and politcal process» Protection of sensitive water bodies» Protection of drinking water resources» Load reduction and «upstream» responsability Measures at WWTP (and measures at diffuse sources ) Implementation Legislation in force! Micropollutants in Switzerland 10

11 WWTP to take measures > p Load reduction > p discharching into lakes protection of drinking water resources >8 000 p when wastewater share in receiving water >10% Protection of ecosystems > p in exceptional cases p = persons (inhabitants) connected to a WWTP Micropollutants in Switzerland 11

12 Measures and financing Possible Measures:» Connection to larger WWTP» Implementation of advanced treatment Realization until 2040 (!), Co-financing No measures to be taken Measures to be taken Measures realized Pays fee until 2040 Pays fee until measures realiized 75% of investment costs Higher operating costs Micropollutants in Switzerland 12

13 Legal requirements» 80% removal (influent effluent), measured with a list of 12 substances (min. 6 substances to be measured) Rechen Sand-/ Fettfang Vorklärung Fällmittel Belebung Nachklärung Ozonung Sandfilter» Substance list: two groups (8 group 1, 4 group 2) ratio 2:1» 48h-sample» Between 4 and 12 measurements (per year) required Micropollutants in Switzerland 13

14 Requirements for substances: Idea: list of substances that is representative for removal of a broad range of substances» Detected in sufficiently high concentrations in influent of most Swiss WWTP» Small load variation» No/little removal in conventional Swiss WWTP (biology)» «easy» to measure» Category 1: very easy to be removed by advanced treatment» Category 2: Indication, whether advanced treatment is operated correctly (e.g. dosing of ozone/activated carbon) Micropollutants in Switzerland 14

15 Substance list Substance (in German) Description Category Amisulprid Pharmaceutical 1 Carbamazepin Pharmaceutical 1 Citalopram Pharmaceutical 1 Clarithromycin Pharmaceutical 1 Diclofenac Pharmaceutical 1 Hydrochlorothiazid Pharmaceutical 1 Metoprolol Pharmaceutical 1 Venlafaxin Pharmaceutical 1 Benzotriazol Corrosion inhibitor 2 Candesartan Pharmaceutical 2 Irbesartan Pharmaceutical 2 4- und 5-Methylbenzotriazol Corrosion inhibitor 2 Micropollutants in Switzerland 15

16 CURRENT STATE ( TO IMPLEMENTATION)

17 Fundamentals» Approx WWTP affected» Novel technologies in wastewater treatment little experience» 25 years time for implementation ( 4 8 per year) Bevölkerung Stadt Zürich Micropollutants in Switzerland 17

18 Technologies Oxidation Ozone Ferrate AOP Adsorption PAC + Sedi + SF GAC Biological Processes Physical Processes Nanofiltration Reverse Osmosis Oxidation Ozone Adsorption PAC + Sedi + SF PAC + SF PAC to biology µgac GAC Combinations Oxidation and adsorption??? Micropollutants in Switzerland 18

19 Situation in Switzerland ProRheno O 3 + PAC Planning Porrentruy O 3 +Sandfilter Planning Thunersee PAC +Sedimentation +Filtration Constuction Vidy O 3 +PAC (Pulsagreen) +Sandfilter Planning Stand: October 2016 Oberwynental O 3 + Sandfilter In Operation Schönau- Cham PAC on Sandfilter Planning Niederglatt - Fischbach O 3 + Sandfilter Planning Neugut O 3 + Sandfilter In Operation Werdhölzli O 3 (+Sandfilter existing) Construction Wetzikon PAK into Biology Planning Kloten Opfikon O 3 + Sandfilter Planning Bassersdorf O 3 + Sandfilter Construction Altenrhein O 3 +GAC Planning Morgental (+Hofen) O 3 + Sandfilter Planning Herisau PAC +Sedimentation +Filtration In operation

20 How to learn...» Platform «Micropollutants Process Technology» within VSA» VSA: Association of «all» wastewater stakeholders (authorities, operators, consultants, suppliers, research, )» (Wo)manpower: approx. 250%» Goals: knowledge transfer, lessons learned, contact to stakeholders, communication Micropollutants in Switzerland 20

21 Organisation «Directorate» Working group VSA FOEN (finances) Eawag (research) Operators Consultants Authorities Suppliers Research Corresponding members Staff (3 persons) Projects Daily business Management Strategy / focus Link to the «real world» Open questions Approval to relevant documents Are informed «passively» Consultations Contacted if necessary Are invited to give general inputs Micropollutants in Switzerland 21

22 Example for a platform project Starting point» Ozonation is not suitable for treatment of ALL wastewaters. There is a risk of significant formation of problematic/toxic byproducts. Eawag (research)» Developed a (technical/lab) test protocol to check if wastewater is suited for ozonation Platform» Extended the test protocol with suggestions for pre-checks and recommends to apply the protocol; Report/Procedure was put in consultation to get feedback from practice. Micropollutants in Switzerland 22

23 Procedure to check suitability of ozone Focus on catchment area Measurements Lab tests with ozonation Bioassays Micropollutants in Switzerland 23

24 Further examples Design flow» Does all wastewater arriving at a WWTP have to be treated with MP-removal? Recommendation Safety with ozone, liquid oxygen, activated carbon» Fact-sheets with most important safety information Monitoring methods for MP-removal for WWTP operators» Summary, which methods could be applied Micropollutants in Switzerland 24

25 Summary and conclusions» Switzerland is (to our knowledge) the first country in the world with legislation to remove micropollutants from municipal wastewater» From problem identification to legislation it took approx. 10 years» During the legislation process, stakeholders were periodically informed and were invited to public consultations» Acceptance of the legislation is generally good.» Biggest dicussions: money money money (subsidies )» Implementation takes time different strategies («first-movers» and «awaiters»)» Technologies are available, lots of activities, research and new results» Implementation of an independent platform to adress general problems and for knowledge transfer is widely accepted Micropollutants in Switzerland 25

26 Acknowledgements» FOEN: Michael Schärer, Saskia Zimmermann, Stefan Müller, Damian Dominguez» Platform: Pascal Wunderlin, Aline Meier, Julie Grelot, Hanspeter Zöllig» Eawag: Adriano Joss, Urs von Gunten, Hansruedi Siegrist, Marc Böhler» Members of Platform working group Micropollutants in Switzerland 26

27 Questions? Excuse me, will you eat that? Why do you ask? Do you want to No, you wouldn t Oh my god! christian.abegglen@vsa.ch Micropollutants in Switzerland Seite 27