Stategies of Switzerland and International Water Protection Commissions

Transcription

1 Federal Department of the Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications DETEC Federal Office for the Environment FOEN Water Division Stategies of Switzerland and International Water Protection Commissions Karlsruhe, May 27th 2011

2 Strategy of Switzerland prioritisation of sources and pathways Atmospheric deposition traffic Other activities (shipping, leisure,..) Land fills Agriculture Urban water management (storm flow) Waste water treatment plants Agriculture 2

3 Watershed management Emerging pollutants Water quality generally good, still some challenges: emerging pollutants Plant protection products Heavy metals PCB, PAK Nutrients, COD, see 3

4 1. Analysis of situation in Switzerland - Regional problems with micropollutants Adverse effects on ecosystems Exceedance of water quality criteria for 6 modelled micropollutants # substances exceeding criteria Substance loads in drinking water resources Anteil Percentage gereinigtesof Abwasser treatedin waste grossen water und mittleren in Swiss Fliessgewässern streams Diclofenac, estrogenes, some antibiotics and other compounds Treated waste water = Complex mixture of substances 4

5 1. Analysis of situation in Switzerland - Waste water load in (surface) waters related to high population density Exceedance of water quality criteria for 6 modelled micropollutants # substances exceeding criteria Anteil Percentage gereinigtesof Abwasser treatedin waste grossen water und mittleren in Swiss Fliessgewässern streams Population density 5

6 Development of an assessment concept see see Götz et al. 2010, Kase et al. (2011) 6

7 Evaluation of measures see measure Primary measures Information Regulation of production and application of substances Ban of substances Source separation Measures at primary pollution sources (production plants) Complete change of urban waste water management (urine separation etc) effectiveness Depends on substance (group), only applicable for limited amount of substances applicable for limited amount of substances applicable for limited amount of substances applicable for limited amount of substances Very high costs, only applicable on the long term (> 50 y) End of pipe measures Complementary treatment (z. B. ozone, Reduction of a broad range of active carbon) pollutants 7

8 Evaluation of technical measures 1. Energy consumption, costs 2. Efficiency of treatment to reduce micropollutants / effects and influence on effluent quality 3. Technology and operation Report by end of 2011 Traitements physico-chimiques charbon actif en poudre charbon actif en granulés Traitement par oxydation chimique chloration UV H 2 O 2 / UV réactif de Fenton ozonation Élimination ultérieure d éléments-traces Procédés physiques floculation précipitation échange d ions filtration sur membrane filtration sur sable Procédés (physico-) biologiques filtration sur sable lit fixe / lit fluidisé passage dans le sol étang 8

9 Evaluation of technical measures on existing WWTPs: PAC and Ozonation Very effective technologies available Several large scale experiments Powdered active carbon (PAC) ozonation Reduction of ecotoxic effects Strongly reduced estrogenic activity Better development of fish embryo Higher abundance of species at risk in river Up to 26 bioassays in large scale experiments Economically feasible and reasonable in specific cases energy increase % in WWTP cost increase 5 25 % Manageable for WWTP-personnel Diclofenac Trimethoprim Sulfapyridin Carbamazepin Clarithromycin Sulfamethoxazol Metoprolol Methylbenzotriazol Bezafibrat Benzotriazol Atenolol Mecoprop Atrazin Iopromid Elimination (%) Elimination [%] Ozone Ozonkonentraton concentration in Ozon/kg DOC in g O3 /kg DOC ± ± ± 63 9

10 Ongoing political process Amendment of water protection ordinance proposed in 2009: Optimization of 100 (out of 750) WWTP in order to Protect ecosystems and drinking water resources Reduce high loads Public hearing 11/2009 until 4/2010 Strong support for measures in principle Intensive discussions on financing, planning etc. Discussion in Federal Assembly 10

11 Outlook ongoing political process parliamentary intervention in 2010 of the Committee for the Environment, Spatial Planning and Energy (CESPE ) of the council of states Development of financing solution in agreement with the polluter pays principle Establish legal requirements for financing and implementation of measures Accepted by Federal assembly in March

12 International water protection commissions 12

13 International cooperation since 1960 Rhine (CH, F, D, L, NL) : IKSR - Internationale Kommission zum Schutz des Rheins Lake constance: IGKB (CH, A, D, FL) Internationale Gewässerschutzkommission für den Bodensee Doubs (CH, F) Commission internationale pour la pêche dans le Doubs Alpenrhein (A, CH, FL): Internationale Regierungskommission Alpenrhein ( Lac Leman (CH, F): CIPEL : Commission internationale pour la protection des eaux du Léman ( Swiss-Ittalian waters (CH, I): CIPAIS : Commissione Internazionale per la Protezione delle Acque Italo-Svizzere ( 13

14 Micropollutants international context Instruments problem-specific working or project groups (IKSR, CIPEL) Definition of river-basin specific substances (IKSR) Warning and Alarm plan Rhine: Monitoring (IKSR) Screening and monitoring-campaigns (IKSR, IGKB, CIPEL, CIPAIS) Modelling and Massbalances (IKSR, CIPEL, IGKB) Evaluation of mains source for specific substances (IKSR, CIPEL, IGKB) Development of a strategy (IKSR) 14

15 International Commission for the Protection of the Rhine - Mandate of project group MIKRO Goal 1. Substances in Rhine water may neither individually, nor in mutual interaction have detrimental impacts on the biocoenosis of flora, fauna and micro-organisms and 2. Water quality must be such that drinking water production is possible with simple, natural treatment methods. 3. Taking into account new developments and further substances 15

16 Working approach 1. Problem analysis Gathering of available information Inventory Evaluation reports 2. Basis for possible measures 3. Strategy for the implementation of measures 16

17 Problem analysis universe of substance over synthetic organic compounds on EUmarket Pragmatic approach Focus on 10 substance groups: pharmaceuticals biocides estrogenes Selection of indicator substances for each substance group 17

18 Work is in progress, first reports are available some statements Highest concentrations of pharmaceuticals (..) are found in Those tributaries to the Rhine with a high share of (biologically) treated municipal wastewater The lower section of the Rhine (Delta Rhine). Highest concentrations of some compounds are above the proposed environmental quality standards of the EU-Water Framework Directive (Diclofenac, Estrogenes). Substances are found in the raw water of drinking water plants. 18

19 Possible measures Measures at the source Source separation (measures at input pathway) Centralized measures in municipal wastewater treatment plants Adaptation of monitoring programme Information of the public 19

20 Work in progress visit Several reports are already published 20

21 Thank you for your attention! 21