Solar Frontier CIS modules

Transcription

1 Solar Frontier CIS modules

2 10 good Reasons for using CIS Modules 1. Solar Frontier Group Showa Shell and Saudi Aramco as Shareholders 2. Long Track Record 34 years of R&D and experience 3. Modules are non-toxic Modules contain neither lead/cadmium 4. Application near the Sea Resistance against Ammonia/Salt corrosion 5. No module grounding No inverter restrictions 6. High shadow resistance Great performance also when partially shadowed 7. Best low light behaviour Best energy exploitation of all wavelengths 8. Temperature stability Great performance also in very hot conditions 9. Light Soaking Effect Extra performance of 5-10% after installation 10. Superior appearance Homogenious black modules 1

3 1. Solar Frontier Group Saudi Aramco Royal Dutch Shell Other Investors 15% 35% 50% Showa Shell Sekiyu K.K. 100% Subsidiary Showa Shell Sekiyu Downstream oil oil refining & & marketing company Basic Data FY (USD) (US$) * Tokyo Tokyo Stock Stock Exchange Exchange Class Class 1 1 Turnover $28 $28 billion B Total Assets $41 billion B 100% 100% Solar Frontier Europe GmbH Solar Frontier Americas Inc. *FOREX USD-JPY exchange rate - December

4 2. Long Track Record of Showa Shell Oil crisis sparks joint solar project with Japanese government Technical partnership with Arco Solar Launched Showa Arco Solar JV with Arco Solar Showa Arco Solar renamed Showa Solar Energy Shell Solar acquired Siemens Solar Commitment to CIS production Commercial production in Miyazaki Plant 1 New Global Name Solar Frontier 1974 R&D crystalline-si amorphous-si CIS Showa Shell starts PV R&D Started c-si production Co-founded JPEA Start CIS research funded by NEDO Showa Shell Solar established Shell Solar Japan established Production at 2 nd plant begins; Atsugi R&D Center opens Launching world s largest PV plant 1GW Scale 3

5 3. Modules are non-toxic RoHS directive is being fulfilled Restriction of (the use of) hazardous substances This directive prohibits, effective July 1, 2006, electrical and electronic equipment put on the market in the European Union from containing specified chemical substances exceeding the specified value. Although not yet required in the PV market, Solar Frontier is one of the very few PV module manufaturers compliant with RoHS. Perfectly convenient for Rooftop installations, where house owners are sensitive about toxic materials (e.g. schools) 4

6 4. Application near the Sea possible TUV!! 5

7 5. No module grounding necessary Sun energy Trafo-less inverter ACconsumer AC leakage current is caused by the capacitance of the PV array when using trafo-less inverter: 0,37 ma/module, resp. 2,467 ma/kw. Capacitance Limit for max. leakage current allowed: 300 ma (in D). AC leak current Earth Max. power of the PV-generator: up to 121 kw without necessity of using a trafo-inverter Advantages: Larger choice of Inverters Higher inverter efficiency Less weight, less costs 6

8 Pm (W) 6. High Shadow Resistance Under partially shaded conditions, the unique patterning of CIS modules keeps the drop of output to a minimum CIS c-si CIS 20 c-si 0 Shadow Shadow Shade Area(%) There is a partial loss of output but the overall effect is minimum The module s output drops significantly under partial shadow 7

9 7. Best low light behaviour The Spectral Response (SR or QE) is governed by the ability of the photons to be absorbed in the Depletion Region of the detector. CIS uses all Wavelengths of the incoming light C-si uses only the medium range of Wavelenghts Source: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, Valencia, Spain, 1 5 September

10 8. Temperature stability Temperature-Coefficient FS-CIS Temperature Coefficient I SC 0.00 (A/ ) 0.01 (%/ ) V OC (V/ ) -0.31(%/ ) P max (W/ ) (%/ ) This means: Less power reduction in case of high module temperatures Example: 65 o C module temp.: SF-CIS module: -12% c-si-module: -19.2% > Delta: 7,2% Temperature -Coefficient c-si (example) Temperature Coefficient I SC (%/ ) V OC -0.34(%/ ) P max (%/ ) 9

11 Electronic energy 9. Light Soaking Effect Model (Animation) Before After LS Buffer CIGS E C Light soaking effect Model Light Light is absorbed in the cell E V Electrons are trapped at defect Barrier height of buffer layer decreases Electrons become easy to flow electron hole defect Series resistance decrease Improvement of power by 5-10%! *Precise physical and chemical mechanism of the light soaking effect has not been identified yet. However, following illustration shows the most likely mechanism for the effect suggested by Dr. Lany and Dr. Zunger, Journal of Applied Physcis, 100, (2006). Unrestricted RAC _02 10

12 10. Aesthetics of CIS Solar Frontier CIS modules have superior aesthetics to polysilicon panels and look better especially in residential applications 11