Ralph L. House ACI-NA/A4A Deicing Management Conference May 19 th, 2015 Arlington, VA

Transcription

1 Ralph L. House ACI-NA/A4A Deicing Management Conference May 19 th, 2015 Arlington, VA

2 On-site Formate Advantage Liquid deicers preferable but expensive Adopt sustainable practices Identify new revenue streams Create a technology that simultaneously addresses each problem

3 Thomas J. Meyer Maurice Brookhart Ralph House Peng Kang Paul Hoertz Jason Doherty David Ball

4 UNC Energy Frontier Research Center SOLAR FUELS DOE-BES ($28.3 M/9 yrs) DSPEC devices for solar energy conversion

5 CO 2 conversion for formate production Carbon Monoxide Paul Hoertz Peng Kang Formate Formaldehyde Methanol Methane Flow Through Electrochemical Reactor for Reduction of CO 2 to Formate/Formic Acid - Water soluble - 94% electrons are used to make formate - Other 6% is hydrogen - Formate is the only carbon product CARBON CONVERSION SYSTEMS

6 Onsite Formate Advantage: Cost Fabrication cost estimates ($/m 2 ) Device Lifetime estimate (years) Formate production costs (Wind) ($/gallon) * Formate production costs (Solar) ($/gallon) * This row highlights the influence of lower feedstock costs and represent a possible future scenario in which CO 2 capture technologies are widespread and allow for negligible feedstock costs. Liquid deicing agent($/runway/pass)** Solid deicing agent ($/metric tonne) Onsite formate production cost $1,650 - $2,540 $500 - $970 Traditional deicer cost $8,000 $1,100 Money saved ~70 80% ~12 55% ** Assume 1000 gallons deices 15,000ft runway 1 m 2 electrolyzer can produce close to 140 kg (54 gallons) of formate over 30 days. 100,000 gallons/winter season (~5 mo) 367 m 2 electrodes 100 cells/stack 1000 ft 2 footprint 0.5 MW (0.5 acre solar farm with cells that are 20% eff)

7 Electrochemical Approach to Chemical Production Renewable or Traditional Power Sodium Bicarbonate 2CO 2 2CO 2 Water 2HCO 3 - HCOO - Anode Cathode Water and bicarbonate starting material, 1 atm, ambient temperature, 1M NaHCO 3 buffer (neutral ph)

8 Prototype Electrolyzer for Formate Production CO 2 Flow Control Catholyte pump Anolyte pump Catholyte in CO 2 in Anolyte in Anolyte out CO 2 out Catholyte out

9 Reactor for On-site Runway Deicing Solutions Renewably Powered Sodium Bicarbonate Water Anode Cathode Formate for deicing

10 On-site Formate Advantage: Environment Lower Carbon Footprint Low Aquatic Toxicity Economic and Social Value Reduce cost of runway effluent treatment Meet airport ecological requirements Lower BOD and COD levels than urea and Sodium Acetate Inherent biodegradability (>90% in 7 days)

11 Predicted unit sales price Reactor Replacement Value $6M 100,000 gal formate / year For 7 years $4M $1.3M $550k Development Expense Manufacturing Expense per Reactor Annual Fixed Costs Expenses Sales Price: $3.2M Positive Differentiation Value (greater than $100,000) On-site production, reduce carbon footprint, CO2 utilization Negative Differentiation Value (approx. $65,000 / reactor) Chemical, CO2, and water inputs, electricity consumption

12 Project goals/milestones Seed Funding Development Scaled reactor prototype Field testing using electrolyzer stack Safety approval (testing by SMI) Unit constructed and functioning Partnerships with early adopters Begin unit sales Interested in staying up-to-date on our progress? Would you or your organization be interested in becoming part of the development process? Lend us your expertise Fill out as much of the brief questionnaire as you can If you can t do this now, would you be willing to later? If so, please come speak with me or leave me your business card.

13 QUESTIONS OR WANT TO LEARN MORE: Ralph House Director of Applied Programs and Development University of North Carolina Solar Energy Research Center Acknowledgments John Kasarda (Director of the Center for Air Commerce at UNC Chapel Hill) Richard Marchi (Senior Advisor, Airports Council International North America) Alex Rosser (Deputy Executive Director, PTI) Rick Adams (Facilities Director, PTI) Chad E. Leqve (Director of Environment, Metropolitan Airports Commission, MSP) Dean Mericas (Senior Aviation Consultant Environmental Compliance) Katherine Preston (Senior Director, Environmental Affairs, ACI-NA)

14 Onsite Formate Advantage: Cost Technoeconomic analysis: Total costs ($/m 2 s) = electricity costs + cost of feedstocks + depreciated capital costs (cost of goods and device lifetime) Electricity costs ($/MW h) 53 (Wind); 133 (solar) Cost of feedstocks ($/metric tonne) 200 (wholesale) Cost of goods ($/m 2 electrode) 1,000 2,000 Device lifetime 5 7 years