Sustainability of Bioenergy
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1 Sustainability of Bioenergy Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq Director, Centre for Energy Studies Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology (BUET) Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh Keynote Presentation International Conference on Green Energy and Technology (ICGET) Aug , 2013, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, JAPAN c Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Bioenergy 24 August / 17
2 Outline 1 Bioenergy Sources & Status 2 Bioenergy Conversion & Sustainability Conversion Technologies Assessment of Potentials Sustainability Criterion 3 Biofuels in Heat Engines Vegetable Oils Biogas in Diesel Engines Alcohols as Spark Ignition Engine Fuel c Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Bioenergy 24 August / 17
3 Bioenergy Sources & Status Bioenergy: is renewable energy from biomass 1. Biomass: is produced by green plants converting sunlight into plant material through photosynthesis and includes all land- and water-based vegetation, as well as all organic wastes 2. Sustainability: Process of managing global system, which includes environmental, social and economic subsystems, in which the needs of the present are met without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs 3. 1 ISO (2012). ISO/CD 13065: Sustainablity Criteria for bioenergy. Tech. rep. ISO. 2 P. McKendry (2002). Energy production from biomass (part 1): overview of biomass. In: Bioresource Technology 83.1, pp ISO (2012). ISO/CD 13065: Sustainablity Criteria for bioenergy. Tech. rep. ISO. c Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Bioenergy 24 August / 17
4 Bioenergy Sources & Status Bioenergy: is renewable energy from biomass 1. Biomass: is produced by green plants converting sunlight into plant material through photosynthesis and includes all land- and water-based vegetation, as well as all organic wastes 2. Sustainability: Process of managing global system, which includes environmental, social and economic subsystems, in which the needs of the present are met without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs 3. 1 ISO (2012). ISO/CD 13065: Sustainablity Criteria for bioenergy. Tech. rep. ISO. 2 P. McKendry (2002). Energy production from biomass (part 1): overview of biomass. In: Bioresource Technology 83.1, pp ISO (2012). ISO/CD 13065: Sustainablity Criteria for bioenergy. Tech. rep. ISO. c Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Bioenergy 24 August / 17
5 Bioenergy Sources & Status Bioenergy: is renewable energy from biomass 1. Biomass: is produced by green plants converting sunlight into plant material through photosynthesis and includes all land- and water-based vegetation, as well as all organic wastes 2. Sustainability: Process of managing global system, which includes environmental, social and economic subsystems, in which the needs of the present are met without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs 3. 1 ISO (2012). ISO/CD 13065: Sustainablity Criteria for bioenergy. Tech. rep. ISO. 2 P. McKendry (2002). Energy production from biomass (part 1): overview of biomass. In: Bioresource Technology 83.1, pp ISO (2012). ISO/CD 13065: Sustainablity Criteria for bioenergy. Tech. rep. ISO. c Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Bioenergy 24 August / 17
6 Bioenergy Sources & Status Bioenergy in World Primary Energy Mix 4 Bioenergy 10% of primary energy mix. Developing countries 22%, developed countries 3%. 4 Bioenergy - A Sustainable and Reliable Energy Source (2009). Tech. rep. IEA Bioenergy: ExCo: 2009:06. International Energy Agency. c Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Bioenergy 24 August / 17
7 Bioenergy Sources & Status Share of Biomass Sources in Primary Bioenergy Mix 5 5 Bioenergy - A Sustainable and Reliable Energy Source (2009). Tech. rep. IEA Bioenergy: ExCo: 2009:06. International Energy Agency. c Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Bioenergy 24 August / 17
8 Bioenergy Conversion & Sustainability Conversion Technologies Key Bioenergy Conversion Routes 6 6 G. Boyle (2012). Renewable Energy: Power for a Sustainable Future. Renewable Energy: Power for a Sustainable Future. OUP Oxford. c Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Bioenergy 24 August / 17
9 Bioenergy Conversion & Sustainability Conversion Technologies Development status of the main technologies to upgrade biomass and/or to convert it into heat and/or power 7. 7 Technology Roadmap: Bioenergy for Heat and Power (2012). Tech. rep. IEA Bioenergy: ExCo: 2009:06. International Energy Agency. c Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Bioenergy 24 August / 17
10 Bioenergy Conversion & Sustainability Conversion Technologies Development status of the main technologies to produce biofuels for transport from biomass 8. 8 Technology Roadmap: Biofuels for Transport (2011). Tech. rep. IEA Bioenergy: ExCo: 2009:06. International Energy Agency. c Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Bioenergy 24 August / 17
11 Bioenergy Conversion & Sustainability Assessment of Potentials Key Relationships to Assess Bioenergy Potentials 9 9 Bioenergy - A Sustainable and Reliable Energy Source (2009). Tech. rep. IEA Bioenergy: ExCo: 2009:06. International Energy Agency. c Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Bioenergy 24 August / 17
12 Bioenergy Conversion & Sustainability Assessment of Potentials Standard methodology to compare bioenergy and fossil fuel energy systems Bioenergy - A Sustainable and Reliable Energy Source (2010). Tech. rep. IEA Bioenergy: ExCo: 2009:06. International Energy Agency. c Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Bioenergy 24 August / 17
13 Bioenergy Conversion & Sustainability Sustainability Criterion Key Factors of Biofuel and Bioenergy Production Technology Roadmap: Biofuels for Transport (2011). Tech. rep. IEA Bioenergy: ExCo: 2009:06. International Energy Agency. c Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Bioenergy 24 August / 17
14 Vegetable Oils Vegetable Oils as Diesel Engine Fuel High viscosity & low volatility of vegetable oils not suitable as straight diesel fuel 12. High viscosity can be reduced by: blending with kerosene 13. preheating using exhaust gas 14. Engine performance with straight vegetable oil is similar to diesel fuelling. 12 M. Z. Haq (1995). Study of the Properties of Vegetable Oil as an Alternative to Diesel Fuel. MA thesis. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology. 13 Ibid. 14 A. M. Morshed (2008). Sesame Oil as an Alternative Fuel for Diesel Engines in Bangladesh. MA thesis. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology. c Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Bioenergy 24 August / 17
15 Vegetable Oils Vegetable Oils as Diesel Engine Fuel High viscosity & low volatility of vegetable oils not suitable as straight diesel fuel 12. High viscosity can be reduced by: blending with kerosene 13. preheating using exhaust gas 14. Engine performance with straight vegetable oil is similar to diesel fuelling. 12 M. Z. Haq (1995). Study of the Properties of Vegetable Oil as an Alternative to Diesel Fuel. MA thesis. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology. 13 Ibid. 14 A. M. Morshed (2008). Sesame Oil as an Alternative Fuel for Diesel Engines in Bangladesh. MA thesis. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology. c Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Bioenergy 24 August / 17
16 Vegetable Oils Vegetable Oils as Diesel Engine Fuel High viscosity & low volatility of vegetable oils not suitable as straight diesel fuel 12. High viscosity can be reduced by: blending with kerosene 13. preheating using exhaust gas 14. Engine performance with straight vegetable oil is similar to diesel fuelling. 12 M. Z. Haq (1995). Study of the Properties of Vegetable Oil as an Alternative to Diesel Fuel. MA thesis. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology. 13 Ibid. 14 A. M. Morshed (2008). Sesame Oil as an Alternative Fuel for Diesel Engines in Bangladesh. MA thesis. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology. c Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Bioenergy 24 August / 17
17 Vegetable Oils Vegetable Oils as Diesel Engine Fuel High viscosity & low volatility of vegetable oils not suitable as straight diesel fuel 12. High viscosity can be reduced by: blending with kerosene 13. preheating using exhaust gas 14. Engine performance with straight vegetable oil is similar to diesel fuelling. 12 M. Z. Haq (1995). Study of the Properties of Vegetable Oil as an Alternative to Diesel Fuel. MA thesis. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology. 13 Ibid. 14 A. M. Morshed (2008). Sesame Oil as an Alternative Fuel for Diesel Engines in Bangladesh. MA thesis. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology. c Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Bioenergy 24 August / 17
18 Vegetable Oils Vegetable Oils as Diesel Engine Fuel High viscosity & low volatility of vegetable oils not suitable as straight diesel fuel 12. High viscosity can be reduced by: blending with kerosene 13. preheating using exhaust gas 14. Engine performance with straight vegetable oil is similar to diesel fuelling. 12 M. Z. Haq (1995). Study of the Properties of Vegetable Oil as an Alternative to Diesel Fuel. MA thesis. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology. 13 Ibid. 14 A. M. Morshed (2008). Sesame Oil as an Alternative Fuel for Diesel Engines in Bangladesh. MA thesis. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology. c Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Bioenergy 24 August / 17
19 Biogas in Diesel Engines Indicated efficiencies of a Biogas Fuelled Diesel Engine 15. Pressure (P/P 0 ) Diesel Engine: 1483 cc, 2250 rpm Diesel Natural Gas (NG) Biogas : 70% NG + 30 % CO 2 Biogas : 50% NG + 50 % CO Displacement volume (Litre) 15 M. Z. Haq, M. H. Rahman and Z. A. Bhutto (2003). Performance Studies of a Biogas Fueled Diesel Engine Operating in a Dual Fuel Mode. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Power Engineering: ICOPE c Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Bioenergy 24 August / 17
20 Alcohols as Spark Ignition Engine Fuel Estimated Energy Quantities of Some Fuels 16 Fuel y s LHV T ad SE ED (-) (MJ/kg-fuel) (K) (kj/kg-mix) (kj/m 3 -mix) Iso-Octane Methanol Ethanol Butanol y s Stoichiometric fuel-air mass ratio LHV Lower heating value T ad Adiabatic flame temperature SE Specific energy (energy per unit mass of mixture) ED Exergy density (exergy per unit volume of mixture) 16 M. Z. Haq and A. Morshed (2013). Energy and Exergy Based Analysis of a Multi-Fueled SI Engine. In: ASME 2013 Power Conference (Power 2013). ASME. c Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Bioenergy 24 August / 17
21 Alcohols as Spark Ignition Engine Fuel Indicated efficiencies of a SI engine 17 Pressure (P/P 0 ) SI Engine: 583 cc,1000 rpm Iso-Octane Methanol Ethanol Butanol Crank Angle (deg) Iso-octane Methanol Ethanol Butanol 1000 rpm 33.9% 33.9% 33.9% 33.7% 4000 rpm 35.5% 35.6% 35.5% 35.4% 17 M. Z. Haq and A. Morshed (2013). Energy and Exergy Based Analysis of a Multi-Fueled SI Engine. In: ASME 2013 Power Conference (Power 2013). ASME. c Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Bioenergy 24 August / 17
22 Alcohols as Spark Ignition Engine Fuel Observations Further deployment of bioenergy, if carefully managed, could provide: an even larger contribution to global primary energy supply; significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, and potentially other environmental benefits; improvements in energy security and trade balances, by substituting imported fossil fuels with domestic biomass; opportunities for economic and social development in rural communities; and scope for using wastes and residues, reducing waste disposal problems, and making better use of resources. c Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Bioenergy 24 August / 17
23 Alcohols as Spark Ignition Engine Fuel Observations Further deployment of bioenergy, if carefully managed, could provide: an even larger contribution to global primary energy supply; significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, and potentially other environmental benefits; improvements in energy security and trade balances, by substituting imported fossil fuels with domestic biomass; opportunities for economic and social development in rural communities; and scope for using wastes and residues, reducing waste disposal problems, and making better use of resources. c Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Bioenergy 24 August / 17
24 Alcohols as Spark Ignition Engine Fuel Observations Further deployment of bioenergy, if carefully managed, could provide: an even larger contribution to global primary energy supply; significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, and potentially other environmental benefits; improvements in energy security and trade balances, by substituting imported fossil fuels with domestic biomass; opportunities for economic and social development in rural communities; and scope for using wastes and residues, reducing waste disposal problems, and making better use of resources. c Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Bioenergy 24 August / 17
25 Alcohols as Spark Ignition Engine Fuel Observations Further deployment of bioenergy, if carefully managed, could provide: an even larger contribution to global primary energy supply; significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, and potentially other environmental benefits; improvements in energy security and trade balances, by substituting imported fossil fuels with domestic biomass; opportunities for economic and social development in rural communities; and scope for using wastes and residues, reducing waste disposal problems, and making better use of resources. c Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Bioenergy 24 August / 17
26 Alcohols as Spark Ignition Engine Fuel Observations Further deployment of bioenergy, if carefully managed, could provide: an even larger contribution to global primary energy supply; significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, and potentially other environmental benefits; improvements in energy security and trade balances, by substituting imported fossil fuels with domestic biomass; opportunities for economic and social development in rural communities; and scope for using wastes and residues, reducing waste disposal problems, and making better use of resources. c Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Bioenergy 24 August / 17
27 Alcohols as Spark Ignition Engine Fuel Thanks A Lot c Dr. Md. Zahurul Haq (BUET) Bioenergy 24 August / 17
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