SYNOPS, scaling up ex-post pesticide risk assessments at the individual crop level to the farm and regional levels ex-post assessments.

Transcription

1 SYNOPS, scaling up ex-post pesticide risk assessments at the individual crop level to the farm and regional levels ex-post assessments. Jörn Strassemeyer, Burkhard Golla, Daniel Daehmlow, Peter Horney and Volkmar Gutsche SYNOPS Exposure soil surface water field margins Toxicity earthworm daphnia, algae, fish, lemna, chironomus bee, other arthropods active ingredient database a.i.1 LC50 ;NOEC a.i.2 LC50 ;NOEC New: Leaching to groundwater included in SYNOPS Risk(ETR)= calculated Exposure Toxicity model application within PURE SYNOPS-WEB (in PURE ex-ante or ex-post assessments) region specific scenarios based on GIS data application calendars from: IPM system definitions SYNOPS-GIS (in PURE ex-post assessments) field specific GIS-data application calendars form: field based surveys or distribution of IPM system definitions 1

2 modeled exposition pathways in SYNOPS volatilisation atmosphere application of pesicides interception spray drift run-off +erosion drainage Transport will be assessed with a separate catchment model. deposition to soil leaching to groundwater Spray drift (Ganzelmeier Tables + FOCUS functions) Run-Off (Model developed by Lutz 1984, REXTOX) Drainage (meta-model based on MACRO) Erosion (united soil loss equation according to FOCUS) Leaching to Groundwater (GeoPearl as implemented in HAIR2010) Exposure-Toxicity Ratio (surface water) ETR chronic = PEC tnoec NOEC ETR acute = PEC LC50 Max ( PEC tnoec NOEC { { t NOEC t NOEC day of vegetation period 2

3 Risk assessment of application pattern ingredient 1 application1 application 2 application 3 0,020 0,015 0,010 0,005 PEC 0, t NOEC { ingredient 2 application1 application 2 8,0E-06 6,0E-06 4,0E-06 PEC 2,0E-06 0,0E t NOEC { Risk assessment of application patterns ingredient 1 application1 application 2 application 3 NOEC daphnia = 0.52 mg l -1 ingredient 2 application1 application 2 NOEC daphnia = mg l -1 0,020 0,300 PEC 0,250 ETR= 0,015 0,200 0,010 0,150 PEC tnoec NOEC 0,100 0,005 0,050 0,450 0,400 ETR Sum 0,000 0, , ,300 0,250 0,200 0,450 0,150 0,400 PEC PEC tnoec ETR= 0,100 8,0E-06 0,350 NOEC 0,050 0,300 0,000 6,0E-06 0, ,200 4,0E-06 0,150 0,100 2,0E-06 0,050 0,0E+00 0, ETRsum 3

4 Terrestrial and aquatic risk ETR aquatic = max( ETR algae, ETR daphnia, ETR fish, ETR lemna, ETR chironomus ) ETR terrestrial = max( ETR earthworm, ETR bee, ETR otherarthropods ) Four risk categories for SYNOPS results acute risk chronic risk very low risk ETR<0.01 ETR<0.1 low risk 0.01< ETR< < ETR<1 medium risk 0.1< ETR<1.0 1< ETR<10 high risk ETR >1.0 ETR >10 4

5 Leaching risk GeoPEARLcalculates the nominal leaching concentration C L based on a regression equation, with the regression terms depending on compound properties and soil data for each application (i) of an active ingredient at a soil depth of 1 m. C Li nominal leaching concentration (µg dm -3 ) NSDF i net soildepositionfraction AR application rate (kg a.i./ha) DWC drinking water criterion (0.1 µg/l) i index denoting the application event number no RI groundwater < 1 yes RI groundwater > 1 Risk assassment with SYNOPS-WEB in PURE SYNOPS-WEB usedasenvironmental risk indicator in most work pakages. It was developed as an easy-to-use online tool, which can also be used by farmers, advisors and stakeholder. 5

6 Risk assassment with SYNOPS-WEB Necessary input parameters Environmental and field related data from GIS databases and/or defined scenarios connectivity to surface water (scenarios) soil data (EU-soil-database) slope (EU-database) climate data (EU-database, MARS-data) Risk assassment with SYNOPS-WEB environmental input parameters 6

7 Risk assassment with SYNOPS-WEB environmental input parameters Risk assassment with SYNOPS-WEB environmental input parameters Individual user login Storage ofsiteinformationon the server Refinement of site information and input paramaters is possible Export of information will be possible in formofxml files 7

8 Risk assassment with SYNOPS-WEB environmental input parameters Risk assassment with SYNOPS-WEB environmental input parameters 8

9 Risk assassment with SYNOPS-WEB environmental input parameters GIS-data Risk assassment with SYNOPS-WEB (GER) field specific input data from GIS databases Precipitation and temperature is derived from digital climate maps of the German Weather Service on monthly basis or from a set of 2800 climate stations on daily basis The main soil types are derived for each field from a digital soil map (BÜK1000). The average slope is calculated for each field using a digital elevation model (DGM-D). Minimal distance from the field to the edge of the surface water is derived with GIS procedures from ATKIS Geographical Database, ATKIS high resolution data set on land use and land cover Connect to GIS data bases Select and store inputdataofonefieldsite 9

10 Risk assassment with SYNOPS-WEB (PURE) field specific input data from GIS databases GIS-data Longterm average temperature and average precipitation have been spatially interpolated onto the MARS 25 km x 25 km grid (Mulligan and Bouraoui, 2007). European soil map includes organic carbon, soil ph, soil texture class, soil hydrological class. (1*1 km). The average slope is calculated using the global digital elevation model (DEM) derived from GTOPO30 (1*1 km) manual input of surface water parameters: minimal distance, width, depth, SW type ATKIS not available on EU level!! Connect to GIS databases Select and store input data corresponding to one grid cell Risk assassment with SYNOPS-WEB environmental input parameters 10

11 Risk assassment with SYNOPS-WEB environmental input parameters Risk assassment with SYNOPS-WEB Necessary input parameters Environmental and field related data from GIS databases and/or defined scenarios connectivity to surface water (scenarios) soil data (EU-soil-database) slope (EU-database) climate data (EU-database, MARS-data) Application calendars of used pesticides crop (EPPO code) product/active ingredient (CAS Nr.) application rate (g/ha) and date fraction of area treated (100% 1) formulation of product mitigation measures (drift reducing equipment) 11

12 Risk assassment with SYNOPS-WEB enter pesticide application calendars Crop selection (EPPO codes) Storage of application calendars on the server refinement of application calendars is possible Export of application calendars will be possible in form of XML files Risk assassment with SYNOPS-WEB enter pesticide application calendars 12

13 Risk assassment with SYNOPS-WEB enter pesticide application calendars Risk assassment with SYNOPS-WEB enter pesticide application calendars on European level the input will be changed from product to active ingredient. 13

14 NOEC NOEC GIS-data Risk assassment with SYNOPS-WEB (PURE) field specific input data from GIS databases Longtermaverage temperature and average precipitation have been spatially interpolated onto the MARS 25 km x 25 km grid (Mulligan and Bouraoui, 2007). European soil map includes organic carbon, soil ph, soil texture class, soil hydrological. (1*1 km). The average slope is calculated using the global digital elevation model (DEM) derived from GTOPO30 (1*1 km) manual input of surface water parameters: minimal distance, width, depth, SW type ATKIS not available on EU level!! Connect to GIS databases Select and store inputdataofgridcell a.i. date AR xxx ,00 yyy ,50. active ingredient database Enter and store applicationcalendar ETRacute SYNOPS C s o i l [ m g k g - 1 ] = spec LC50species t CT( t) 365 t-t lpec= max t= t tnoec Run thesynops web- service C w a t e r [ m g l - 1 ] Risk assassment with SYNOPS-WEB enter pesticide application calendars After theinputiscompleted SYNOPS webservice is started to calculate the risk scores 14

15 Risk assassment with SYNOPS-WEB risk potential of the application calendar Results can be exported as XML files: For the complete application calendar For single active ingredients SYNOPS-WEB exported results risk potentials of the application scenarios aquatic no drift reduction terrestrial 3m 3m 20m 20m System appl_id a.i. acute chronic acute chronic acute chronic conventional 102 all advanced 301 all IPM 401 all % drift reduction System appl_id a.i. acute chronic acute chronic acute chronic conventional 102 all advanced 301 all IPM 401 all

16 SYNOPS-WEB exported results risk potentials of the single active ingredients no drift reduction 90% drift reduction aquatic aquatic terrestrial 3m 3m 20m 20m terrestrial 3m 3m 20m 20m System a.i. acute chronic acute chronic acute chronic acute chronic acute chronic acute chronic convetional Mancozeb convetional Captan convetional 2,4-D convetional Diuron convetional Dodin convetional Mineralöle convetional copper convetional Schwefel convetional Chlorpyrifos convetional Glyphosat convetional Bupirimat convetional Deltamethrin convetional Glufosinat convetional Fenoxycarb convetional Mecoprop-P convetional Difenoconazol convetional Cyprodinil convetional Thiacloprid convetional Spinosad convetional Flonicamid advanced Mancozeb advanced Dithianon advanced Mineralöle advanced Schwefel advanced Bupirimat advanced Flonicamid advanced Granulosevirus advanced Pheromon advanced Mancozeb advanced copper advanced sulfur advanced Flonicamid advanced Granulosevirus advanced Pheromon IPM Dithianon IPM Flonicamid IPM Granulosevirus IPM Pheromon Summary of SYNOPS-WEB Easy input parameter selection of environmental and field related data. Input data can be stored on server, edited and exported a XMLfile. Simple user interface to enter application scenarios. The user can enter and save a number of various field sites and application scenarios and calculate the aquatic and terrestrial risk potentials. SYNOPS-WEB can be used to plan and analyze new and innovative strategies, e.g. IPM strategies for specific fields with the focus on risk reduction The web service SYNOPS-WEB can also be used by other tools directly integrating it in the code. Export results in form of XML-Files, which can be used in to other PURE tools (DEXiPM, Premise) or upload to PURE database. 16

17 NOEC NOEC GIS-based assessments with SYNOPS (ex-post assessment) surface water orchard SYNOPS calculates the risk potential of all orchards within the considered region. regional approach input data for all fields in the considered region have to be available on field level the calculated field based risk potentials are then analysed or aggregated in the spatial dimension geographical databases + GIS procedures GIS based risk assessment with SYNOPS SYNOPS spec ETRacute = LC50species C s o i l [ m g k g - 1 ] t CT( t) 365 t-t lpec= max t= t tnoec C w a t e r [ m g l - 1 ] field based risk assessment Spatial aggregation of risk indices PSMdatabase active ingredient database Precipitation and temperature is derived from digital climate maps of the German Weather Service on monthly basis or from a set of 2800 climate stations on daily basis The average slope is calculated for each field using a digital elevation model (DGM-D). Geographical Database, ATKIS high resolution data set on land use and land cover The application strategies are distributed randomly according to a field based survey Fruit crops are distributed randomly according to agricultural statistics on community level The main soil types are derived for each field from a digital soil map (BÜK1000). Minimal distance from the field to the edge of the surface water is derived with GIS procedures from ATKIS 17

18 aquatic risk potential: Lake Constance (GER) successive introduction of IPM systems Scenario 1 BS (70%) IPM1 (20%) IPM2 (10%) Scenario 2 frequency distribution of risk indices chronic aquatic risk 90th percentile aquatic risk, 90th percentile BS (50%) IPM1 (30%) IPM2 (20%) BS (20%) IPM1 (50%) IPM2 (30%) Scenario 3 Reduction compared to BS aquaticrisk, 90th percentile fraction of area with ETR>1 Scenario % % Scenario % % Scenario % % fraction of orchard area with ETR chronic >1 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% fraction of area with ETR>1 22.7% 16.4% 12.6% 6.6%2.8% 2.4% Thank you for your attention! 18