Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Management

Transcription

1 Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Management Applied Research Experiences Jaime A. Cardona Research & Development Berlin, GWP annual conference 2014

2 Content Problem Decentralized Wastewater Management DWM Definition Advantages Existing gaps and open research questions The role of applied research BDZ Association International experiences and Applied Research Barriers for applying DWM wwwbdz-abwasser.de 2

3 The Problem Currently 2.5 billon people 1 lack o of improved sanitation, 70% of them are living in rural and peri-urban areas of less developed nations. 1 Population Growth High costs for centralized treatment plants Technologies needs 1- Joint Monitoring Program World Health Organization UNICEF, JMP 2014 wwwbdz-abwasser.de 3

4 The Problem Currently 2.5 billon people 1 lack o of improved sanitation, 70% of them are living in rural and peri-urban areas of less developed nations. Trends for rural sanitation coverage in developing regions 1 Population Growth High costs for centralized treatment plants Technologies needs 1- Joint Monitoring Program World Health Organization UNICEF, JMP 2012 wwwbdz-abwasser.de 4

5 Decentralized Wastewater Management DWM DWM may be defined as the collection, treatment, and disposal /reuse of wastewater from indivudual homes, clusters of homes, isolated communities at or near the point of waste generation ( Tschobanoglous, 1995) On-site A A A A Decentralized & Cluster C B C B C B C B D E D E D E D E Initial Situation Page 5 Centralized Solution Decentralized Solution Semi-central Solution Centralized wwwbdz-abwasser.de 5

6 Some Advantages of DWM Adaptation: Resilience infrastructure Recycle: Nutrients recovery ( Nitrogen and Phosphorus) Wastewater reuse close to generation point Integration with agriculture and local economies Financial advantages by less collection costs: Centralized approaches require ~ 60% -80% only in collection and transportation (2-3) Simple operation and less O&M costs (2) Community integration Attractive for rural and peri-urban areas Page 6 Less environmental disturbances for construction wwwbdz-abwasser.de 6

7 Training and Demonstration Centre for Decentralized Sewage Treatment BDZ e.v

8 Who we are BDZ e.v is an association that promotes decentralized wastewater treatment solutions within the frame of Integrated Water Resources and Management principles. Within associates BDZ more than 100 members coming from the German middle and small enterprises from decentralized wastewater treatment sector, as well as elite German academic institutions. Research & Development German Private Sector Ministries and Governments Applied Research IWRM Decentralized Sanitation wwwbdz-abwasser.de 8

9 Academic Members Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung GmbH UFZ Universität Leipzig Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus Senftenberg Institut für Siedlungs- und Industriewasserwirtschaft der Technischen Universität Dresden HTWK Hochschule für Technik, Wirtschaft und Kultur Leipzig Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Siedlungswasserbau, Wassergüte-und Abfallwirtschaft RWTH Aachen wwwbdz-abwasser.de 9

10 Work fields Demo Site Research Infrastructure Optimization of Operation and Maintenance procedures Adaptation of Technologies Technologies Information Systems Development of GIS Tools Costs Valuation and Modelling Water governance Key Stakeholders participation Primary School Programs Capacity Development wwwbdz-abwasser.de 10

11 BDZ oriented areas Demo Site BDZ Research & Development Training wwwbdz-abwasser.de 11

12 Demonstration Centre in Leipzig wwwbdz-abwasser.de 12

13 Training and Demonstration Centre BDZ

14 Training and Demonstration Centre 12 Treatment Plants in operation more than 20 in exhibition CW SBR Compresor SBR Compost SBR Compresor SBR Pumping Aereated Biofilter Bodenkör per Combine System Fixed Bed Biofilm Fully Biofilm Biodisk System Trickling Filter MBR Membrane Page 14

15 Technologies at the BDZ Biofilm Technologies Activated Sludge Technologies Constructed Wetlands Page 15

16 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EXAMPLE JORDAN Page 16

17 International Applied Research Projects JORDAN SMART-Project BMBF: IWRM in Jordan Rief Valley MONGOLIA PROJECT MOMO: BMBF: IWRM Mongolia BRAZIL PROJECT INTECRAL BMBF: Rural Sustainable Development Improvement Sanitation Rural Areas of Rio de Janeiro COLOMBIA CENTRO DE INNOVACIÓN DEL AGUA COLCIENCIAS: Feasibility study Demonstration and Research Centre for Water Resources wwwbdz-abwasser.de 17

18 Barriers for applying DWM 5-6 Lack of knowledge about decentralized wastewater treatment technologies and management concepts. Financial reward for using centralized systems (economic of scale driver in treatment costs, the bigger the better) Unfavorable perception of decentralized systems. Unfavorability of regulatory system for decentralized solutions. Lack of system thinking applied to wastewater issues. Lack of comprehensive Cost-benefit Analysis, Regulations and funding oriented around centralized delivery and collection and point-source discharges 18

19 Contact BDZ An der Luppe Leipzig Tel. (0049) Fax (0049) Jaime A. Cardona : cardona@bdz-abwasser.de wwwbdz-abwasser.de 19

20 References 1- Joint Monitoring Program. (2014). Progress on Drinking Water and Sanitation: 2014 Update. World Health Organization and UNICEF 2- Massoud, M. a, Tarhini, A., & Nasr, J. a. (2009). Decentralized approaches to wastewater treatment and management: applicability in developing countries. Journal of Environmental Management, 90(1), doi: /j.jenvman Bakir, H. A. (2001). Sustainable wastewater management for small communities in the Middle East and North Africa. Journal of Environmental Management, 61(4), Retrieved from Cardona, J.A; van Afferden, M.; Lee,M; Müller, R (2013) Operation and Financial Models for Decentralised wastewater treatment Solutions in Jordan. SMART -IWRM: Integrated water resources and management in the lower Jordan Rift Valley: Project report phase II. URL Etnier, C., Pinkham, R., & Crites, R. (2007). Overcoming Barriers to Evaluation and Use of Decentralized Wastewater Technologies and Management. 6- Nelson, V. (2008). New approaches in decentralized water infrastructure. Gloucester. MA. USA: Coalition for Alternative, Retrieved from 7- Crites, R., & Tchobanoglous, G. (1998). Small and decentralized wastewater management systems (p. 1084). Boston: WCB McGraw-Hill. 8- Nhapi, I. (2004). A framework Page 20 for the decentralised management of wastewater in Zimbabwe. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 29(15-18), doi: /j.pce wwwbdz-abwasser.de 20