ECONOMICS FOR SMALL SCALE COGENERATION IN INDUSTRY
|
|
- Ashlee Bishop
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 ECONOMICS FOR SMALL SCALE COGENERATION IN INDUSTRY ABSTRACT Peter Nyvlt 1 1 Author affiliation: Beca Pty Ltd Level 3, 9 George Street, Parramatta, NSW peter.nyvlt@beca.com There is a great deal of interest by industry and other sectors in reducing the energy requirements of their operations with the overall aim of reducing their organisations carbon footprint. Common techniques for reducing energy consumption include utilisation of high efficiency equipment, smart control systems, improved thermal insulation as well as others. Another approach for reducing the carbon footprint of an operation is to generate electricity on site using a low carbon fuel such as natural gas and to utilise waste heat from the generator within the facility (commonly known as cogeneration). Cogeneration is becoming increasingly popular with the light industry, commercial buildings and government sectors as a method which can make a significant reduction to the CO 2 footprint of a facility. However, can a cogeneration system provide a reasonable return on investment in the current energy price environment? This paper reviews typical system capital and operating costs and highlights key decision parameters that influence the economic evaluation of a typical cogeneration system. The information is sourced from a number of recent feasibility studies performed by Beca for Australian industry for systems in the 400 to 1,000 kw electrical generation capacity range and larger. COGENERATION IN INDUSTRY Cogeneration systems have significant potential to reduce CO 2 emissions from industry by both the recovery and utilisation of waste heat from the gas engine/turbine generator and by the utilisation of a low carbon fuel source. Operation of a cogeneration system reduces the quantity of electrical energy supplied to the site from the external grid. Electrical energy may even be exported to the grid. A typical cogeneration scheme is shown in Fig. 1. Calculation of the potential CO 2 emission reduction for a cogeneration system is reasonably straightforward. Evaluation of the economics (i.e. return on investment or payback period) however is much more complex. There are a number of factors which influence i) the capital cost of the cogeneration system and associated equipment, ii) the operating cost of the system and iii) overall energy cost savings. This paper presents a number of common factors, easily overlooked, which influence the economic evaluation of small scale cogeneration systems that would commonly be used in industrial or commercial sites. Cost figures presented are based on the use of natural gas for operation of the generator with waste heat recovered to a combination of low pressure steam and/or hot water.
2 Key Factors Affecting Cogeneration Economics Energy audits of industrial site are becoming more common in recent times. High level energy audits often include a review of the site electrical and heat loads and an initial analysis of the payback period for a cogeneration system. The observation from a number of feasibility studies is that the initial estimate for the payback period is often optimistic and that a number of issues need to be looked at in some detail to get a good understanding of the real costs of integrating and operating a cogeneration system on a particular site. A number of the key issues are presented below. There are two main proven types of gas powered generators which can be used in a gas fuelled cogeneration scheme; a reciprocating engine and a gas fired turbine. Both of these types are considered in the following sections. Gas and Electricity Prices Two key factors affecting the economics of cogeneration are the prices of natural gas and electricity supplied to site or, more specifically, the difference between these prices. The price of these energy sources varies from state to state and can vary from site to site and even company to company due to a range of factors. Due to this, the economics of two similar cogeneration systems is likely to be different on different sites. Apart from natural gas, cogeneration systems can utilise a variety of fuels including biogas, landfill gas and excess fuel gas. These fuel sources can be available at relatively low cost and can enhance the economics of a cogeneration system compared to a natural gas fuel source. A typical gas cost of $4.78/GJ has been considered in the figures presented in table Tab. 1. The cost of electricity sourced from the grid is typically more complex than gas, consisting of energy peak, shoulder and off-peak charges, network charges as well as other miscellaneous charges. An average electricity price of 6.5 /kwh (excluding demand charges) has been considered in the figures presented in table Tab. 1. This is based on the typical price for an industrial facility operating 24 hours and 7 days per week with a steady load profile. Annual Operating Hours The number of operating hours varies between sites. A site may operate 1 or 2 shifts per day and it may operate 5 to 7 days per week. Continuous operation of cogeneration equipment leads to higher reductions in electrical power import from the external grid and typically higher reductions in potential CO 2 emissions. However, operation of cogeneration in off-peak electricity periods when electricity prices are a fraction of peak prices typically causes an increase in operating cost during the electrical off-peak period due to the cost of natural gas required to run the system exceeding the cost of the offpeak electrical power. It is common for continuous operations to stop operation of their cogeneration equipment during off-peak periods. For systems operating with waste fuels such as biogas or landfill gas with negligible cost, this situation is normally not applicable. Maintenance The cost of maintaining a cogeneration system is significant, with significant maintenance expenditure every 3 to 4 years. Typical gas engine generator maintenance includes minor services for filter and oil changes at about 2,000 h intervals and major services at about 10,000 operating hour intervals. After about 60,000 hours operation, a 2
3 major overhaul of the engine is required which would require the generator out of action for up to 7 days. Typical lifecycle maintenance costs have been assessed to be in the range of 1.3 to 1.8 per kwh generated electrical power, with gas engine generators at the higher end and gas turbines at the lower end of this range. These figures are based on the gas engine/turbine generator operating close to full load and are incorporated into the generated electricity prices in table Tab.1. If the cogeneration system operates at partial load, the maintenance cost per kwh would be correspondingly higher. Generator Utilisation and Turndown Gas engine/turbine generators generally have an operating range of approximately 50 to 100% of maximum capacity. When the site electrical load fall below 50% capacity, the generator is stopped and not restarted again until prolonged operation at greater than 50% load is expected. Repeated stop/starting is not recommended for the engine/turbine generators. Due to the minimum load constraint, it is important that the cogeneration system is correctly sized so that it will operate highly loaded and not stop frequently and remain idle due to low loading. A cogeneration system running at full load continuously provides the most favourable economic return. In case of reduced site thermal load, gas engine/turbine waste heat bypasses the heat recovery systems and the cogeneration system overall energy recovery reduces. In order to maximise overall efficiency, the cogeneration system should be sized so that waste heat recovery does not exceed site requirements. Cogeneration Availability and Supplementary Systems Due to the need for stoppages to perform periodic maintenance and unplanned stoppages, the availability of gas engine/turbine generators can be in the range 95 to 98%. Gas turbines are typically towards the upper end of this range. When the cogeneration system is stopped, as well as no electrical energy being produced waste heat is no longer available for recovery. Unless site operating loads can be significantly reduced during these periods, the electrical supply system needs to be sized considering full supply from the external grid and supplementary utility systems need to be sized considering full operating duties. This leads to a high degree of redundancy and increased capital costs. Network Demand Charge Electrical network demand charges are typically based on the highest 30 minute peak period demand for the previous 12 month period. When a cogeneration system is in operation, the site electricity demand would be expected to reduce significantly and as a consequence network peak demand charges would also be expected to reduce. Due to cogeneration availability being less than 100%, there is likely a need to supply the full power demand from the grid for some periods, even if only infrequent and relatively brief. Consequently, it is likely that peak demand may not reduce significantly as a result of installing a cogeneration system unless site electricity requirements can be reduced significantly when the cogeneration system stops during peak electricity periods. Network peak demand charges depend on the site electricity demand profile and are a significant proportion of total electricity cost. Typical network demand charges would 3
4 be about 15% of the site total electrical costs (without cogeneration). Unless the maximum electricity demand can be reduced significantly for every 30 minute period of all peak periods over at least a 12 month period, little or no reduction in demand charges would be achieved. Through commercial discussions with electricity retailers and distributers, it may be possible to agree an alternative demand tariff for sites with cogeneration systems where network peak demand charging is less onerous in case of rare high peak demands. However, it is unlikely that a cogeneration system would reduce peak demand charges completely. Cogeneration System Electricity Consumption The total ancillary power required by a cogeneration system can be significant compared to its production, particularly for smaller systems. The cost of ancillary power should be considered when evaluating the system economics. Some examples where ancillary power is required are outlined below. Depending on the fuel and choice of gas engine or turbine, the fuel for the system may require pre-treatment, drying and compression. These systems not only increase the cost of the system, they also consume electrical power. Waste heat recovered from a gas engine/turbine to a hot water system requires a pump to recirculate the hot water. A significant quantity of electrical power can be required to maintain the circulation. Cogeneration engines/turbines are normally installed within an acoustically insulated container or plant room to limit noise. Electric fans provide positive air ventilation within the enclosure to limit the build-up of heat and an explosive atmosphere in case of a fuel leak. Site Motor Sizes The sudden stoppage of large motors causes the site electrical demand to drop almost instantaneously and can cause problems for power generation control. For a cogeneration system that does not export power and controls generated power in a manner to minimise import of electrical power from the external grid, a sudden large reduction in power demand due to the stoppage of a large motor can cause power import to reduce quickly and potentially become zero or power export. Unless the system has been specifically designed to export power, the power control system will positively prevent power export by tripping the generation system if power import falls below a set limit. To prevent potential tripping of the generation system as described above, power import to site must be sufficiently greater than the largest motor(s) on site which start/stop during operation. This issue effectively limits/reduces the generation capacity of the cogeneration system. Alternatively, key electric motors can be stopped more gradually (i.e. over a few seconds) by equipping them with variable speed drives. This however, increases the cost of the cogeneration project and affects the system payback. 4
5 Summary There are a significant number of issues that affect the cost of installing and operating a cogeneration system. These issues typically vary for each installation depending on the specifics of the site. A detailed review of a number of issues is required to determine the integration requirements for a cogeneration system on a site and the associated economics of the cogeneration system. Table Tab. 1 provides an indication of some of the typical costs that may be expected for cogeneration systems with different capacities. Diagrams: Fig. 1: Typical Cogeneration System Scheme 5
6 Tab.1: Power Generation Matrix Exhaust Cooled to 250 C Exhaust Cooled to 180 C Generation Capacity kwe Generated Elect Price excluding heat recovery /kweh Steam Generation Capacity, kg/h Exhaust Recovered Energy, /kweh Electricity Price (with heat recovery), /kweh Annual Operating Cost Savings Steam Generation Capacity, kg/h Exhaust Recovered Energy, /kweh Electricity Price (with heat recovery), /kweh Annual Operating Cost Reduction Cogen CO2-e Reduction tonnes/yr Equipment Budget Pricing * $AUS Gas Engines $16, $22,900 1,200 $1,022, $35, $48,700 2,400 $1,349,000 1, $58,000 1, $83,800 4,500 $1,762,000 Gas Turbines 1, , $12,300 3, $84,000 3,500 $4,500,000 3, , $120,500 9, $328,800 11,000 $5,900,000 6, , $481,300 13, $719,500 21,300 $8,100,000 * Equipment prices include gas engine/turbine and HRSG REFERENCES Information included in this paper is based on personal experience, communications and correspondence. BRIEF BIOGRAPHY OF PRESENTER Peter Nyvlt graduated from the University of Sydney with a Bachelor of Engineering (1 st class honours) in Chemical Engineering in Since graduation he has worked for a number of companies in Europe and Asia as well as Australia and has gained a broad range of experience in process control, process design, plant commissioning, operation management and safety engineering in the oil, gas, chemical, petrochemical, steel, utilities and other industries. Peter s current position is Specialist Process Engineer with Beca based in their Sydney office. He provides process engineering services and technical leadership to the Sydney process engineering team. In recent years, he has led a number of studies for a range of clients investigating the potential for implementing cogeneration systems. 6
Overview of cogeneration technology and application
Overview of cogeneration technology and application Cogeneration Week Hanoi, 6 April 2004 Melia Hotel, Hanoi Leif Mortensen, Coal Expert Cogeneration or Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Sequential generation
More informationBulla Dairy Foods, Colac Victoria
CASE STUDY Bulla Dairy Foods, Colac Victoria Bulla Dairy Foods is an iconic brand trusted and loved by Australian families since 1910. The family-owned company has been making premium quality dairy products
More informationCommercial Combined Heat & Power (CHP) Available via Fully Serviced Free to Fit, Cash, Leasing or Finance
Commercial Combined Heat & Power (CHP) Available via Fully Serviced Free to Fit, Cash, Leasing or Finance Deliver Heat & Electric to your Business from Combined Heat & Power (CHP) system I ONLY NEED MAINTENANCE
More informationA LTERNATIVE E NERGY D IVISION HIGH PERFORMANCE COGENERATION SYSTEMS FOR AGRICULTURE AND INDUSTRY
A LTERNATIVE E NERGY D IVISION HIGH PERFORMANCE COGENERATION SYSTEMS FOR AGRICULTURE AND INDUSTRY Innovation, Specialisation, Quality and Internationality: the ingredients of a successful company that
More informationSyllabus Cogeneration: Definition, Need, Application, Advantages, Classification, Saving potentials
7. COGENERATION Syllabus Cogeneration: Definition, Need, Application, Advantages, Classification, Saving potentials 7.1 Need for cogeneration Thermal power plants are a major source of electricity supply
More informationGas vs. Diesel Generator Sets Performance Cost & Application Differences
Gas vs. Diesel Generator Sets Performance Cost & Application Differences Page 1 Agenda Introduction Distributed Energy Products Diesel, Gas and Turbine generator sets How Engines Accept Loads Gas Product
More informationTransPacific Energy Advantage: Case Studies
TransPacific Energy Advantage: Case Studies Typical Power Plant TPE-ORC 0.60 KWh ORC 2.3 KWh LP steam 0.35 KWh 30% (maximum) 2.05 KWh CHP Typical Power Generated 1.1 KWh Typical Power Wasted 2.31 KWh Typical
More informationCanada. Iron and Steel Sector - PI Specifics
How can process integration help me? Process integration (PI) is a very efficient approach to improving the energy efficiency of large and complex industrial facilities. PI refers to the application of
More informationTHE POWER TO DO MORE. Cat Gas Generator Sets
THE POWER TO DO MORE. Cat Gas Generator Sets ADVANCED SYSTEMS SMARTER Electric Utility to Mission Critical Customer Load SCR Exhaust Aftertreatment Cat Paralleling Switchgear / Master Controls Exhaust
More informationENABLING EMBEDDED GENERATION
APRIL 2014 ENABLING EMBEDDED GENERATION Turning Australian electricity on its head WHAT IS EMBEDDED GENERATION? Energy supply systems around the world are being transformed by embedded (or distributed)
More informationUFL Micro Biogas CHPs
UFL Micro Biogas CHPs The UFL Micro Biogas CHPs are based on the highly durable Petter industrial diesel engine. Low cost replacement parts are available worldwide. This range of micro biogas CHPs has
More informationValidation of Demand Management Investigations
Validation of Demand Management Investigations ST GEORGE AND SUTHERLAND AREA Final Report 19 September 2006 Validation of Demand Management Investigations ST GEORGE AND SUTHERLAND AREAS Final Report 19
More informationChapter 2.7: Cogeneration
Chapter 2.7: Cogeneration Part-I: Objective type questions and answers 1. In cogeneration, the system efficiencies can go up to ------ a) 70% b) 80% c) 90% d) 60% 2. Cogeneration is the simultaneous generation
More informationGAS TURBINE COGENERATION ACTIVITIES NEW POWER PLANTS FOR URALKALI S FACILITIES
GAS TURBINE COGENERATION ACTIVITIES NEW POWER PLANTS FOR URALKALI S FACILITIES Abstract Alexander Gushchin, Siemens Russia Ian Amos, Product Strategy Manager, SGT-400, Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery
More informationLIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSIS OF WASTE HEAT OPERATED ABSORPTION COOLING SYSTEMS FOR BUILDING HVAC APPLICATIONS
LIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSIS OF WASTE HEAT OPERATED ABSORPTION COOLING SYSTEMS FOR BUILDING HVAC APPLICATIONS V. Murugavel and R. Saravanan Refrigeration and Air conditioning Laboratory Department of Mechanical
More informationCombined Heat and Power (CHP)
February 3-4, 2009 Net Zero Energy Installation and Deployed Bases Workshop Colorado Springs, CO Session III: Power & Energy Architecture for NZE Cliff Haefke Energy Resources Center / University of Illinois
More informationCOMBINED CYCLE OPPORTUNITIES FOR SMALL GAS TURBINES
19 TH SYMPOSIUM OF THE INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION OF GAS TURBINES COMMITTEE BANFF, ALBERTA, CANADA OCTOBER 17-19, 2011 11-IAGT-204 COMBINED CYCLE OPPORTUNITIES FOR SMALL GAS TURBINES Michael Lucente Found
More information1 st Renewable Energy Technologies, LP. Organic Rankine Cycle
11/18/2010 1 st Renewable Energy Technologies, LP 8147 Clear Shade Drive, Windber, PA 15963 Phone: (814) 467-0431 Fax: (814) 467-8675 Email: Sales@1stRET.com Web: www.1stret.com Organic Rankine Cycle The
More informationOPPORTUNITIES FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND DEMAND RESPONSE IN CORRUGATED CARDBOARD MANUFACTURING FACILITIES
OPPORTUNITIES FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND DEMAND RESPONSE IN CORRUGATED CARDBOARD MANUFACTURING FACILITIES Sandra Chow BASE Energy, Inc. * San Francisco, CA 94103 Ahmad R. Ganji, Ph.D., P.E. San Francisco
More informationCOGENERATION THE SMART DECISION! Why and how cogeneration can make your company more profitable and energy efficient?
Cogeneration Observatory and Dissemination Europe Why and how cogeneration can make your company more profitable and energy efficient? COGENERATION THE SMART DECISION! Table of contents 1 WHY COGENERATION
More informationAEP Ohio. Combined Heat and Power (CHP) May 24 th, 2017 Steve Giles Vice President Alternative Energy Hull & Associates, Inc.
AEP Ohio Combined Heat and Power (CHP) May 24 th, 2017 Steve Giles Vice President Alternative Energy Hull & Associates, Inc. OUR MARKET AREAS Shale Oil & Gas Waste Management PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND ASSET
More informationTECHNIQUES OF CCHP AS A RIGHT WAY TO APPLY THE 2 ND LAW OF THERMODYNAMIC: CASE STUDY (PART ONE)
TECHNIQUES OF CCHP AS A RIGHT WAY TO APPLY THE 2 ND LAW OF THERMODYNAMIC: CASE STUDY (PART ONE) Prof. Eng. Francesco Patania Prof. Eng. Antonio Gagliano Prof. Eng. Francesco Nocera Department of Industrial
More informationDESCRIPTION OF THE GOURIKWA POWER STATION & TRANSMISSION INTEGRATION PROJECT CHAPTER 3
DESCRIPTION OF THE GOURIKWA POWER STATION & TRANSMISSION INTEGRATION PROJECT CHAPTER 3 This chapter provides details regarding the scope of the proposed Gourikwa Power Station and Transmission Integration
More informationCOMBINED HEAT AND POWER (CHP) MARKET MARKET SIZE, SEGMENTATION, REGULATIONS AND KEY COUNTRY ANALYSIS TO 2025
REFERENCE CODE GDPE1101MAR PUBLICATION DATE JANUARY 2017 COMBINED HEAT AND POWER (CHP) MARKET AND KEY COUNTRY ANALYSIS TO 2025 Executive Summary Combined Heat and Power (CHP), also termed cogeneration,
More informationA proposed new gas-fired power station on the Wilton International site
TEES CCPP PROJECT A proposed new gas-fired power station on the Wilton International site Welcome This event is intended to provide you with information about the proposed Tees Combined Cycle Power Plant
More informationCogeneration in a Hospital: a case Study
Cogeneration in a Hospital: a case Study C. J. Renedo, A. Ortiz, D. Silió, M. Mañana, S. Pérez and J. Carcedo Department of Electric and Energy Engineering ESTI Industriales y Telecomunicación, University
More informationSustainable Energy. Ecologically Sustainable Energy. Implications for the Sydney Region
Sustainable Energy Implications for the Sydney Region Dr Mark Diesendorf Institute of Environmental Studies, UNSW m.diesendorf@unsw.edu.au 1 Ecologically Sustainable Energy Efficient energy use and energy
More information97 MW of Cat coal seam methane power in New South Wales, Australia
CAT GAS SOLUTIONS 97 MW of Cat coal seam methane power in New South Wales, Australia SMARTER ENERGY SOLUTIONS From natural gas combined heat and power (CHP) for facilities to alternative biogas electric
More informationDevelopment of 1MW high efficiency gas engine cogeneration system
International Gas Union Research Conference 2011 Development of 1MW high efficiency gas engine cogeneration system Main author H. SAITO (Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd.) JAPAN Co-author K. HORIMOTO, T. NOGUCHI, M.
More informationAN ASSESSMENT OF ENERGY AND EMISSIONS PERFORMANCE OF BUILDINGS AT TEACHERS MUTUAL BANK LTD
AN ASSESSMENT OF ENERGY AND EMISSIONS PERFORMANCE OF BUILDINGS AT TEACHERS MUTUAL BANK LTD AUGUST 2016 Overview Teachers Mutual Bank Ltd, which includes Teachers Mutual Bank and Unibank, has invested significantly
More informationEfficient and Flexible AHAT Gas Turbine System
Efficient and Flexible AHAT Gas Turbine System Efficient and Flexible AHAT Gas Turbine System 372 Jin ichiro Gotoh, Dr. Eng. Kazuhiko Sato Hidefumi Araki Shinya Marushima, Dr. Eng. OVERVIEW: Hitachi is
More informationWelcome / Bienvenue. RETScreen Training Institute RETScreen 101 Introduction to Clean Energy Project Analysis
Welcome / Bienvenue RETScreen Training Institute RETScreen 101 Introduction to Clean Energy Project Analysis Hundreds Gather To Fight Global Warming! RETScreen s Mission: Empower Cleaner Energy Decisions
More informationDistributed Generation IMPORTANCE OF CHOOSING THE RIGHT POWER GENERATION TECHNOLOGY. Suraj Narayan. General Manager. Wärtsilä Australia Pty Ltd
Distributed Generation IMPORTANCE OF CHOOSING THE RIGHT POWER GENERATION TECHNOLOGY Suraj Narayan General Manager Wärtsilä Australia Pty Ltd ABSTRACT During the boom years, much of the media coverage of
More informationPeak practice page 22. Back to the future page 26. High temperature TBCs page 33
Inside Ansaldo page 11 Changing times page 12 Record breaker page 16 Peak practice page 22 Back to the future page 26 High temperature TBCs page 33 May - June 2016 www.gasturbineworld.com Gas turbine orders
More informationZandam Farm Biogas CHP Plant
Case Study Zandam Farm Biogas CHP Plant Figure 1: CHP container at Zandam Farm, Western Cape Source: Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a wide spread concept for the processing of organic waste and production
More informationKawasaki Gas Turbines-Americas Gas Turbines Power Generation Technology & Applications
Kawasaki Gas Turbines-Americas Gas Turbines Power Generation Technology & Applications Gas Turbine (GT) Technology Overview Gas Turbine Theory GT - Centrifugal Compressor FUEL INLET COMBUSTION CHAMBER
More informationTurbine Inlet Air Chilling
Turbine Inlet Air Chilling Stellar Energy Stellar Energy s TIAC solutions integrate proven chilling technology, comprehensive process design and state-ofthe art controls to deliver a TIAC system optimized
More informationCombined heat and power units up to 401 kw el. and 549 kw th
Combined heat and power units up to 401 kw el and 549 kw th 2/3 CHP units for heat and power Tailor-made energy concepts for the provision of heat and power. Combined heat and power modules (CHP modules
More informationProcess Design For Optimum Energy Efficiency
Process Design For Optimum Energy Efficiency Steve Peacock Tongaat Hulett Sugar INTRODUCTION The average SA sugar factory has a bagasse supply capable of supporting a steam on cane of just under 60% Assuming
More informationAbsorption Chillers in Industry
Absorption Chillers in Industry With deregulation and recent advances, absorption can be the best suited chiller option available. For Robust Performance Look to the Horizon Series of Absorption Chillers
More informationHeat recovery from diesel engines and gas turbines
Environmentally friendly Rugged Efficient For high temperature applications, AQYLON s organic working fluids have a very low Global Warming Potential (GWP 320). AQYLON s ORC modules are designed for durability
More informationBioenergy New Zealand
Bioenergy New Zealand Biogass Renewables Economic Viability of Commercial Anaerobic Digestion Jandakot Bioenergy Facility in focus September 2017 Joseph Oliver, General Manager About Biogass Renewables
More informationDANVEST POWER UNIT. with special Low Load Unit for wind-diesel power stations
DANVEST POWER UNIT with special Low Load Unit for wind-diesel power stations Controls weak or isolated grids - and gives top power quality extremely low fuel consumption and maximum exploitation of renewable
More informationBarilla Cogeneration Power Plant main tips
main tips Client Location Total contract Scope of work Fenice SpA Contract value 13.3 M$ Contract period 2007-2010 The Plant has been built within the premises of the Barilla factory in Parma (IT), at
More informationAnschrift Geschäftsführer Gerichtsstand Kontakt Bankverbindung Online-Service
Seite 2 Highly efficient use of valuable waste heat from industrial processes It has passed the test: waste heat power plants with piston engines have proven themselves in the industry ORC waste heat power
More informationEfficiency Opportunities. Compressed Air Energy. LeapFrog Energy Technologies Inc. 11 June McMaster University CDM Conference
Compressed Air Energy Efficiency Opportunities 11 June 2012 - McMaster University CDM Conference LeapFrog Energy Technologies Inc. About LeapFrog Energy Technologies Inc. 2 LeapFrog is a Professional Services
More informationLow2No Implementation of sustainable principles after design competition
Low2No Implementation of sustainable principles after design competition Integrated Team Members International Consortium Local Finnish Consortium 2 3 Main Themes Nearly zero energy building design EPBD
More informationGas Turbine Inlet Air Cooling System
Gas Turbine Inlet Air Cooling System Presented by Bob Omidvar Heavy Duty GT - Effects of Ambient Temp 110% 105% 100% 95% 90% 85% 80% 75% 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 GT Inlet Temp (deg C) Heat rate kj/kwh
More informationFull electrical LNG-plant: Highest availability and energy efficiency trough overall system design
Full electrical LNG-plant: Highest availability and energy efficiency trough overall system design Dr. Edwin Lerch Principal Expert Power System Dynamics Siemens AG Erlangen, Germany edwin.lerch@siemens.com
More informationINSIDE: ASHRAE Hall of Fame
This article was published in ASHRAE Journal, February 2011. Copyright 2011 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. Reprinted here by permission from ASHRAE. This
More informationHighview Enterprises Limited, Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES): from Pilot Plant to Multi MW Demonstration Plant
Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES): from Pilot Plant to Multi MW Demonstration Plant The Company Highview is an award winning designer and developer of utility-scale energy storage and power systems that
More informationLarge-scale Consolidated Methodology Waste energy recovery
CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM ACM0012 Large-scale Consolidated Methodology Waste energy recovery TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1. INTRODUCTION... 4 2. SCOPE, APPLICABILITY, AND ENTRY INTO FORCE... 4 2.1. Scope...
More informationBalance of Plant Requirements and Concepts for Tokamak Reactors
Balance of Plant Requirements and Concepts for Tokamak Reactors Edgar Bogusch EFET / Framatome ANP GmbH 9 th Course on Technology of Fusion Tokamak Reactors Erice, 26 July to 1 August 2004 1 Contents Introduction
More informationGas-fired efficiency in part-load and pulse operation
[ ENERGY / IN DETAIL ] [ ENERGY / IN DETAIL ] Gas-fired efficiency in part-load and pulse operation AUTHOR: Dawn Santoianni Gas-fired power plants are the most responsive and flexible generating assets
More informationMicroturbine Combined Heat and Power Systems. September 14, 2017: AEE Northern Ohio Chapter. Presenter: Glenn Powers Operations Manager, GEM Energy
Microturbine Combined Heat and Power Systems September 14, 2017: AEE Northern Ohio Chapter Presenter: Glenn Powers Operations Manager, GEM Energy 2017 CCHP Concept Fuel Combined Cooling, Heat, and Power
More informationInnovation. Efficiency. Connectivity.
01 Innovation. Efficiency. Connectivity. Cutting edge compressed air solutions Groundbreaking compressed air technologies GB Innovation, efficiency & total connectivity Setting new standards in technology
More informationUMWELT 75 YORK ST TERALBA. Australian Institute of Energy - Peter Jamieson. April 2014
UMWELT 75 YORK ST TERALBA Australian Institute of Energy - Peter Jamieson April 2014 Umwelt (Australia) Pty Limited AIE Presentation Locally owned 2 Directors, 3 Shareholders. Environmental consultancy
More informationNFAT Review Comments, Questions and Concerns about Manitoba Hydro s Preferred Development Plan. Ken Klassen, CET April 24, 2014
NFAT Review Comments, Questions and Concerns about Manitoba Hydro s Preferred Development Plan Ken Klassen, CET April 24, 2014 Overview 1. My background and experience 2. Socio-economic considerations
More informationLow temperature cogeneration using waste heat from research reactor as a source for heat pump
National Centre for Nuclear Research in Poland Low temperature cogeneration using waste heat from research reactor as a source for heat pump Anna Przybyszewska International Atomic Energy Agency 14-16
More informationA Plan for a Sustainable Toronto Discovery District
A Plan for a Sustainable Toronto Discovery District Judy Simon, IndEco Strategic Consulting ABSTRACT The members of the Toronto Discovery District (TDD), located in downtown, Toronto Canada, have developed
More informationService Strategy Maturity: A Model for Business Performance
Service Strategy Maturity: A Model for Business Performance A White Paper Written by Fifth Quadrant Commissioned by IBM June 2011 Contact Details Name: Registered office address: Fifth Quadrant Pty Ltd
More informationCOMPANY INTRODUCTION & REFERENCES. Mühlhausen, Oktober 2017
COMPANY INTRODUCTION & REFERENCES Mühlhausen, Oktober 2017 ENERTEC KRAFTWERKE GMBH About us: September 2004: Foundation of enertec Kraftwerke GmbH (6 employees) December 2014: Certification to DIN EN ISO
More informationMAXE YST Steam-Turbine Drive Chillers
MAXE YST Steam-Turbine Drive Chillers Break the Ties to Electrical Power Get Get off off the the grid grid with with the the hottest Effect of Level-Loading a Steam Plant Steam-Plant Load J F M A M J J
More informationAvailable online at ScienceDirect. Energy Procedia 75 (2015 )
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Energy Procedia 75 (2015 ) 1172 1177 The 7 th International Conference on Applied Energy ICAE2015 Limiting the effect of ambient temperature on micro
More informationGlenWyvis renewable heat assessment. 27 th September 2015
GlenWyvis renewable heat assessment 27 th September 2015 Contents GlenWyvis pedigree and ambition How have renewables been used in the whisky industry to date GlenWyvis current energy resources Heat supply
More informationCOVER SHEET. Accessed from Copyright 2005 the authors.
COVER SHEET Lavarack, Bryan and Hodgson, John and Broadfoot, Ross (2005) Prioritising options to reduce the process steam consumption of raw sugar mills. In Hogarth, DM, Eds. Proceedings International
More informationA QUANTUM LEAP The biggest change in energy efficiency since the shift from steam to diesel propulsion machinery
A QUANTUM LEAP The biggest change in energy efficiency since the shift from steam to diesel propulsion machinery Jon Åge Eidem, Ulmatec ULMATEC Ulmatec Handling Systems AS, Ulmatec Components AS, Ulmatec
More informationswitching on the biogas resource
municipal solutions Water & Treatment Solutions switching on the biogas resource A new source of renewable energy The evolution of the water industry is being driven by a number of challenges including
More informationPureCycle 200 Heat-to-Electricity Power System
PureCycle 200 Heat-to-Electricity Power System Energy Savings Power Reliability Environmental Stewardship INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES RECIPROCATING ENGINES GAS TURBINES THERMAL OXIDIZERS FLARES / INCINERATORS
More informationSteam balance optimisation strategies
Steam balance optimisation strategies Publicado en Chemical Engineering, Noviembre 2002 Background Optimising a steam balance in a plant with several steam mains pressures is not always a simple intuitive
More informationVirtual Power Plant Simulation
AEP/EPRI Smart Grid Demo Virtual Power Plant Simulation Project Overview Smart Grid Advisory Meeting June 23, 2009 Tom Jones / Tom Walker Virtual Power Plant Simulation Project Virtual Power Plant (VPP)
More informationThe answer is... yes!
The answer is... yes! TURN YOUR HEAT INTO ELECTRICITY NO FUEL, ZERO EMISSION Can plain machines save costs and energy at the same time as saving our beautiful planet? ENERGY CONCERN Today s society is
More informationRcr Tomlinson Overview
Business Profile Rcr Tomlinson Overview RCR Energy s parent company, RCR Tomlinson Ltd (listed on the Australian Stock Exchange ASX code: RCR), is focused on delivering to the Resources, Energy and Infrastructure
More informationCONTROL VOLUME ANALYSIS USING ENERGY. By Ertanto Vetra
CONTROL VOLUME ANALYSIS USING ENERGY 1 By Ertanto Vetra Outlines Mass Balance Energy Balance Steady State and Transient Analysis Applications 2 Conservation of mass Conservation of mass is one of the most
More informationSOME ENERGY-EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGIES IN JAPAN
SOME ENERGY-EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGIES IN JAPAN (EXECUTIVE SESSION) November, 2007 JAPAN EXTERNAL TRADE ORGANIZATION JAPAN CONSULTING INSTITUTE SOME ENERGY-EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGIES IN JAPAN 1. Power Generation
More informationZero Emission Neighbourhoods Encouraging Sustainable Communities
Laing, W, Zero Emission Neighbourhoods-Encouraging Sustainable Communities 1 Zero Emission Neighbourhoods Encouraging Sustainable Communities Laing, W, Zero Emission Neighbourhoods-Encouraging Sustainable
More informationElmwood Golf Course Solar PV Initial Feasibility Study
Elmwood Golf Course Solar PV Prepared by: SAC Consulting Contact: Email: Fiona Salter fiona.salter@sac.co.uk Phone: 0131 603 7513 Date: 27 th August 2015 1 Contents 1 Contents... 1 2 Introduction... 1
More informationPerspectives and evolution of reciprocating cogeneration systems. Pasquale Campanile
Perspectives and evolution of reciprocating cogeneration systems Pasquale Campanile Date 25/5/2007 Pasquale Campanile He is graduated in Electrical Engineering at Politecnico di Torino. Currently, he is
More informationenergiestro The most economical energy for remote sites Energiestro is an innovative system for energy production and storage.
Remote sites Zero emission buildings Power independence Rural electrification The most economical energy for remote sites Energiestro is an innovative system for energy production and storage. Life cycle
More informationOPTIMISATION OF WATER USAGES IN THERMAL POWER PLANTS AND A STUDY ON DRY COOLING SYSTEM
CONFERENCE ON WATER OPTIMISATION IN THERMAL POWER PLANTS OPTIMISATION OF WATER USAGES IN THERMAL POWER PLANTS AND A STUDY ON DRY COOLING SYSTEM S. K. Thakur, Dr. L. D. Papney, Chief Engineer (I/C), TE&TD
More informationEgypt: Small Scale Cogeneration
TIMS/EEAA CD4CDM- Second Regional Workshop (Phase II) Egypt: Small Scale Cogeneration Ihab Elmassry, M. Sc., CEM, DGCP Energy Efficiency Specialist E mail imassry@link.net Notes before to go Energy Efficiency
More informationMars energy savings out of this world
Mars energy savings out of this world Mars Petcare Australia implements a customised compressed-air system from Champion Compressors optimising production, reliability and energy efficiency. Today, much
More informationAmcor Products Over 60 manufacturing plants in Australia Over 200 sites across 43 countries. 2
IPEEC Energy Management Network Tokyo January 2013 Energy and Demand Reduction in Australian Manufacturing Industry Amcor s Experiences By Peter Dobney, Group Manager Resources and Energy Amcor Amcor Products
More informationCreating Optimal LNG Storage Solutions. 40 in detail
[ MARINE / IN DETAIL ] [ MARINE / IN DETAIL ] Creating Optimal LNG Storage Solutions AUTHOR: Sören Karlsson, Business Development Manager, Wärtsilä Marine Solutions mail: soren.karlsson@wartsila.com 40
More informationEnergy Audit Summary Report Audit No DE. Märkisch Edel Eberswalde, Germany. Food Industry
Energy Audit Summary Report Audit No. 48 - DE Märkisch Edel Eberswalde, Germany Food Industry Industrial bakery energyxperts.net Berlin (Germany) / Barcelona (Spain) March 2012 This energy audit has been
More informationTHE ITALIAN BIOMETHANE
THE ITALIAN BIOMETHANE H C H H BIOGAS UPGRADING TO BIOMETHANE ITALIAN BEST AVAILABLE TECHNIQUE www.gm-greenmethane.it TECHNOLOGY THE BIOGAS UPGRADING PROCESS The system operates in continuous mode. The
More informationUniversity of Illinois Utility Master Plan and Dispatch Model
University of Illinois Utility Master Plan and Dispatch Model Presented by: Mike Larson, University of Illinois Andy Price, Affiliated Engineers, Inc. B1G & Friends Utility 2017 April, 2017 University
More informationAbsorption Chillers in Commerce
Absorption Chillers in Commerce Today, absorption chillers are sold for a wide variety of applications. Here s why Changing Electrical Prices The absorption chiller is remarkably flexible, using steam,
More informationENERGY systems in most European countries are experiencing. Life Cycle Energy and Carbon Analysis of Domestic Combined Heat and Power Generators
IEEE TRONDHEIM POWERTECH 2011, 19-23 JUNE 2011 1 Life Cycle Energy and Carbon Analysis of Domestic Combined Heat and Power Generators Evangelos Gazis, Member, IEEE and Gareth P. Harrison, Member, IEEE
More informationNon-BM Balancing Services Volumes and Expenditure
Non-BM Balancing Services Volumes and Expenditure Table of Contents Background... 1 Summary of Total Non-BM Service Provision... 2 Total Ancillary Services Expenditure... 2 Frequency Response... 3 Dynamic
More informationPerformance evaluation of a small-scale polygeneration plant including a desiccant cooling system and an innovative natural gas ICE
Performance evaluation of a small-scale polygeneration plant including a desiccant cooling system and an innovative natural gas ICE Armando Portoraro Energetics Department Politecnico di Torino (Italy)
More informationGround-Coupled Heat Pump And Energy Storage
Ground-Coupled Heat Pump And Energy Storage By Ed Lohrenz, Member ASHRAE; and Sergio Almeida, P.Eng., Member ASHRAE Ground-coupled heat pump (GCHP) systems consume less purchased energy than an HVAC system
More informationElliott Turbine Generator Sets PRODUCT
Elliott Turbine Generator Sets PRODUCT Steam Turbine Generators from Elliott Elliott steam turbine generator (STG) sets for power generation offer the features, functions and benefits essential to support
More informationEnergy Audit Summary Report. Food Industry
Energy Audit Summary Report Audit No. 33 Food Industry Brewery energyxperts.net Berlin (Germany) / Barcelona (Spain) January 2012 This energy audit has been carried out with cofunding of the European Commission
More informationInformation Delivery Manual (IDM)
Piping Engineering - Confluence http://idm.buildingsmart.no/confluence/display/idm/piping+engineering?decorator=printable 1 af 2 11-09-2011 19:21 Information Delivery Manual (IDM) Added by Jeffrey Wix,
More informationSave Energy Now Tools and Resources
Save Energy Now Tools and Resources SPEAKER: BILL ORTHWEIN, CEM Technology Manager Industrial Technologies Program Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy U.S. Department of Energy U.S. Energy
More informationCHP Case Studies. Midwest CHP Application Center (MAC) .org (312) University of Illinois at Chicago Energy Resources Center UIC
CHP Case Studies Midwest CHP Application Center (MAC) www.chpcentermw.org.org (312)413-5448 University of Illinois at Chicago Energy Resources Center CHP Case Studies Elgin Community College Presbyterian
More informationCogeneration in Luxembourg
ASOCIACIÓN ESPAÑOLA PARA LA PROMOCIÓN DE LA COGENERACIÓN Cogeneration in Luxembourg Anamaria ZIANVENI, Claude DARO, LuxEnergie S. A. Agenda Introducing LuxEnergie S.A. Specific position of Luxembourg The
More informationB H P B I L L I T O N W O R S L E Y A L U M I N A P T Y L T D G E N E R A T I O N L I C E N C E E G L 1 2
McGill Engineering Services Pty Ltd Engineering, Adjudication & Arbitration Services ABN 45 106 691 169 B H P B I L L I T O N W O R S L E Y A L U M I N A P T Y L T D G E N E R A T I O N L I C E N C E E
More informationAvailable online at ScienceDirect. Energy Procedia 48 (2014 )
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Energy Procedia 48 (2014 ) 1181 1187 SHC 2013, International Conference on Solar Heating and Cooling for Buildings and Industry September 23-25,
More information