Highview Enterprises Limited, Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES): from Pilot Plant to Multi MW Demonstration Plant

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Gilbert Greene
6 years ago
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1 Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES): from Pilot Plant to Multi MW Demonstration Plant

2 The Company Highview is an award winning designer and developer of utility-scale energy storage and power systems that use liquefied air as the storage medium. Active since 2005, Highview has secured more than 26 million of private and public funding. Highview s 350kW/2.5MWh pilot plant, hosted by Scottish and Southern Energy, has been in operation since April The company has a portfolio of patents, granted and pending, that cover the system. Highview in collaboration with Viridor, has been awarded funding for a 5MW/15MWh Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES) demonstration project by the UK Government. Highview has established co-operation agreements with, Messer Group GmbH and Basil Read Energy. Most recently, the company has signed a license agreement with General Electric to integrate LAES technology with their simple cycle peaker plants.

3 How does LAES work? 1. Charge Offpeak or excess electricity is used to power an air liquefier, which produces liquid air. 2. Store The liquid air is stored in a tank(s) at low pressure. 3. Discharge To recover power the liquid air is pumped to high pressure, evaporated and heated. The high pressure gas drives a turbine to generate electricity.

4 LAES Standard configuration Hot Thermal Store Power In Compression Refrigeration LAIR Storage Evaporation Expansion Power Out Export to Grid Cleaning High Grade Cold Store 60% AC/AC Air In CHARGE STORE DISCHARGE Air Out

LAES: Technology Benefits LAES uses existing mature components (liquefier, liquid air

5MWh Suitable for large energy stores from about 20MWh to >1GWh, not restricted by geography.

20MW/ 80MWh Integrates well with other industrial process plant (utilising waste heat/cold)

Costs/economics improve with scale (50MW/200MWh < 1,000/kW < 250/kWh).

5 LAES: Technology Benefits LAES uses existing mature components (liquefier, liquid air storage, power turbine), with proven performance, cost, lifetime (25 year+). 350kW/ 2.5MWh Suitable for large energy stores from about 20MWh to >1GWh, not restricted by geography. 60% efficiency in stand alone mode. 20MW/ 80MWh Integrates well with other industrial process plant (utilising waste heat/cold) to enhance performance e.g. 70%+. Costs/economics improve with scale (50MW/200MWh < 1,000/kW < 250/kWh). 50MW/ 200MWh Can be integrated at renewable site, but more valuable as a system resource for enabling wider renewable deployment. The system is ready for deployment at commercial scale (>5MW/15MWh) in industrial or utility applications. 500MW/ 2,000MWh

Rated power Highview Enterprises Limited, 2014 1GW LAES in the energy storage landscape 1 sec 1 min 1 hour 1 day PH 100MW CAES 1 month 10MW Li-ion LAES SHG H 2 1MW DLC 100kW 10kW 1kW 0.

6 Rated power Highview Enterprises Limited, GW LAES in the energy storage landscape 1 sec 1 min 1 hour 1 day PH 100MW CAES 1 month 10MW Li-ion LAES SHG H 2 1MW DLC 100kW 10kW 1kW 0.1kWh SMES LA BEV FES RFB LAES Liquid Air ES BEV Battery Electric Vehicles (NiMH and Li-ion) DLC Double Layer Capacitor SMES Superconduct Magnetic FES Flywheel ES NiCd Nickel-Cadmium Battery Vented LA Lead Acid Battery Li-ion Lithium-ion Battery NaS Sodium Sulphur Battery NaNiCI Molten Salt ES RFB Redox Flow Battery CAES Compressed Air ES PHS Pumped Hydro SNG Synthetic Natural Gas Hydrogen Storage 1kWh 10kWh 100kWh 1MWh 10MWh 100MWh 1GWh 10GWh 100GWh Energy NaS NaNiCI H 2

2005 2008 2009 2013 2014 onwards Technology development Technology demonstration

2008: The power recovery cycle demonstrated in lab-scale tests.

pilot plant. 2011: Installation of complete pilot CryoEnergy Storage plant.

7 onwards Technology development Technology demonstration Company timeline Commercial demonstration/deployment 2005: Research begins with the University of Leeds. 2007: Cold recovery cycle proved viable in lab experiments. 2008: The power recovery cycle demonstrated in lab-scale tests. Highview Enterprises Limited, : Installation of power recovery cycle in pilot plant. 2011: Installation of complete pilot CryoEnergy Storage plant. 2012: Highview signs co-operation agreements with the Messer group and Basil Read Energy of South Africa. 2013: Highview enters into a licence agreement with General Electric. 2014: Highview in collaboration with Viridor, has been awarded funding for a 5MW/15MWh Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES) demonstration project by the UK Government.

8 Highview Pilot Plant Layout 350kW/2.5MWh 1. Cryogen storage 2. Power recovery 3. High grade cold store 4. Cold circulation compressor 5. Recycle compressor 6. Main compressor 7. Air purification unit 8. Main cold box

9 Highview Pilot Plant 350kW/2.5MWh Fully operational, since summer 2011, the pilot plant is hosted by SSE (Scottish & Southern Energy) at their Slough Heat & Power 80MW biomass plant.

10 Pilot Plant process flow diagram

8% accuracy Successfully undergone a full (self) testing regime, including automated performance testing for the US PJM electricity market.

11 Complies with all the regulations and inspections necessary to be allowed to connect the system to the UK grid. Pilot Plant Performance PJM Test Data - Auto Control 99.8% accuracy Successfully undergone a full (self) testing regime, including automated performance testing for the US PJM electricity market. It has in practical terms operating hours equivalent to three years of UK Short Term Operating Reserve service; this winter was operated for seasonal TRIAD management. Significant independent technical due diligence - engineering, academic, industry and component manufacturers. Instruction Turbine Start CB Closed Set Point Entered SP Reached

12 Pre-commercial demonstration project In collaboration with Viridor, one of the UK s leading recycling, renewable energy and waste management companies, Highview has been awarded funding for a 5MW/15MWh energy storage demonstration project by the UK Government. The funding, valued at more than 8 million ($13.6m), has been awarded as part of the Energy Storage Technology Demonstration Competition, run by the Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC). It will support the design and testing of a pre-commercial demonstration LAES system alongside one of Viridor s landfill gas generation plants in the UK. In addition to storage, the LAES plant will integrate waste heat to power from the landfill gas engines.

Pre-commercial demonstration project 6. 7. 8. 3. 1. 2. 1. Cryogenic/liquid nitrogen storage tanks 2. Cryogenic pump 3. Evaporator heat exchangers 4. Turbine/power recovery unit 5.

13 Pre-commercial demonstration project Cryogenic/liquid nitrogen storage tanks 2. Cryogenic pump 3. Evaporator heat exchangers 4. Turbine/power recovery unit 5. Interstage heat exchangers 6. Thermal storage tanks 7. Landfill gas engines 8. High grade cold store 9. Electrical switch gear CAD of Highview s LAES Plant at Viridor s Landfill Gas Generation Site in Greater Manchester, UK.

14 Pre-commercial demonstration project The system, which has undergone extensive feasibility work informed by the pilot plant project, will comprise: Energy store ~200 tons of cryogenic storage capacity (around 15MWh of electricity) which will store liquid nitrogen at low pressure; and Power recovery 5MW of power turbine capacity, which will use waste heat from the landfill gas engines to enhance the liquid nitrogen to power conversion efficiency. It will use liquid nitrogen (brought in by tanker, then stored on site), to drive a zero emission (at the point of use) generation plant. The demonstrator will provide a range of storage services to the network, as well as harvesting waste heat from the landfill gas engine cooling systems that would otherwise be rejected to the environment. It will serve as a trial that could be extended to other waste to energy plants, improving overall thermal efficiency and providing output flexibility to an otherwise inflexible generating unit.

15 GE Highview Agreement In March 2014 GE and Highview announced a global licencing and cooperation agreement. GE will explore the opportunity to integrate Highview s LAES technology in peaking power plants where GE s gas turbines and gas engines are currently or will be installed. LAES systems will help to increase power plant efficiency and flexibility, thereby enhancing grid reliability and the distribution of renewable energy. CPV Sentinel Energy Project, image courtesy of GE Energy Financial Services Customers will benefit from significant advantages, including improved start up times and efficiency/heat rates, as well as offering waste-heat-to-power and energy storage capabilities.

Market entry product 20MW/80MWh 2. 9. 4. 1. 10. 3. 7. 6. 8. 5. 1. Compressor house 2. Air cleaner 3. Cold box and cold expanders 4. Liquid air storage 5. Cryo pumps 6.

16 Market entry product 20MW/80MWh Compressor house 2. Air cleaner 3. Cold box and cold expanders 4. Liquid air storage 5. Cryo pumps 6. Containerised power turbine and generator (2 x 10MW ) 7. Heat exchanger containers 8. High grade cold stores 9. Hot water storage 10. Electrical intake and switch-house 6. 7.

Gibson@highview-power.com Matthew Barnett - Head of Business Development, Matthew.

17 For more information Take a tour of our pilot plant Gareth Brett - CEO, Gareth.Brett@highview-power.com Highview Power Storage Emma Gibson - Director of Operations, Emma.Gibson@highview-power.com Matthew Barnett - Head of Business Development, Matthew.Barnett@highview-power.com Stuart Nelmes - Head of Engineering, Stuart.Nelmes@highview-power.com

Highview Enterprises Limited, Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES)

Highview Enterprises Limited, Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES) Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES) Liquid Air Energy Storage Process 1. Charge 2. Store 3. Discharge 1. Charge: Offpeak or excess electricity is used to power an air liquefier, which produces liquid air.