In this unit we will be exploring: 1. Location of natural resources 2. Diverse perspectives on natural resources 3. Sustainable development

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Vanessa Tiffany Nash
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2 In this unit we will be exploring: 1. Location of natural resources 2. Diverse perspectives on natural resources 3. Sustainable development

3 With the person next to you, come up with a definition (without the use of your cellphones!). Be prepared to share your definitions and exaples with the class.

4 Materials or substances that exist in nature and can be used for economic gain. Examples: minerals, forests, animals, water fertile land

9 Two types of resources: Renewable and Non-Renewable What is the difference between the two types?

10 A resource of economic value that can be replaced or replenished in the same or less amount of time as it takes to draw the supply down. What are some examples of renewable resources?

11 Geothermal Wood Water Wind energy Solar energy Wildlife and seafood

12 Resources of economic value that are not easily replenished by the environment on an equal level to the consumption rate. Most non-renewable resources can take billions of years to actually form. What are some examples of non-renewable resources?

13 Oil Coal Natural Gas

14 All natural resources must be gathered or harvested in some way. Not all of the ways of harvesting is good for the environment or for the people living near the resource. Companies that gather or harvest the resource sometimes mistreat or take advantage of the people who live near the resource.

17 Brainstorm with the person next to you and be ready to share!

18 Faith / spirituality (water baptisms, FNMI water stories, etc.) Sustains us / necessary for life Sanitation Transportation (canoe, boat, etc.) Business Sports Etc.

Humans require about 2.5 litres of drinking water per day to remain healthy. The average Canadian uses about 330 litres of water per day for personal use.

19 Humans require about 2.5 litres of drinking water per day to remain healthy. The average Canadian uses about 330 litres of water per day for personal use. Including agriculture, mining, manufacturing, electricity, etc., the average Canadian uses 4500 litres of water per day. Canadians are the second largest users of water in the world.

20 Where we get our freshwater Water: The Drop of Life

21 Many FNMI communities and other communities in Canada are faced with water issues every day, including no access to potable water. Water is sacred. Less than 1% of all water on Earth is usable fresh water. Almost every living organism relies upon water for survival. Our bodies are 66% water and require water to live. We play in water. Many modern manufacturing processes rely upon water. Our food requires water to grow. Source: rootsandshoots.ca

22 Respect-The Words that come before all else Haudenosaunee address Read and discuss the importance and role of water (and other elements of earth) as defined in the story Ssezibwa Falls (Uganda) story Read and discuss the importance and role of water (and other elements of earth) as defined in the story

24 Nearly 75% of the Earth s surface is covered in water. Rainwater makes up 70% of Canada s precipitation. Snow makes up 30% of Canada s precipitation Water that runs off the land through rivers and lakes into oceans is called run-off. Water that soaks deep into the earth through layers of different types of rock is called groundwater. The circulation of water from water vapour in the air to precipitation and bodies of water is called the hydrological cycle.

25 Most of Canada s surface freshwater is found in lakes and wetlands Many of Canada s lakes were created by ice sheets during glacial periods. The lakes get water from rivers, groundwater springs, precipitation and rain and melting snow. Lakes also release water into rivers, maintaining river flow.

26 There are 5 Great Lakes Lake Erie Lake Huron Lake Michigan Lake Ontario Lake Superior Largest lakes in North America h?v=voueoxtlms8

27 Wetlands are areas of land that have become saturated with water. Wetlands cover 14% of Canada s area. They can be called marshes, swamps and bogs. Wetlands provide habitats for various types of wildlife.

28 Canada s water drains into 5 basins: 1. Hudson Bay, 2. Pacific Ocean, 3. Arctic Ocean, 4. Atlantic Ocean 5. Gulf of Mexico. A drainage basin is the area drained by a river.

29 The amount of water that flows through a drainage basin changes according to weather conditions and seasons. Changes cause 2 major problems: flooding during wet seasons and drought during dry seasons. Dams can solve these problems.

30 Groundwater is water that is found below the Earth s surface in the soil and bedrock. Groundwater needs to be protected. Using too much of it can cause wells to go dry and wetlands to disappear.

31 Who Polluted the Red River? Interactive story Taste Test

32 Water from many rivers flows into Lake Winnipeg Many people use the lake for fishing, recreation, and tourism Lake Winnipeg is home to a wide variety of plants and animals Chemicals and fertilizers from human activities cause pollution

33 Phosphorus (P) and Nitrogen (N) are naturally found in lakes and rivers Too much Phosphorus and Nitrogen, however, is harmful to the environment. The chemicals cause too much green algae to grow. Some green algae can cause illness in people and can kill fish (raw footage of algae in Lake Winnipeg) Humans can control the amount of algae in the lake

35 Small fresh water mollusks with distinct zig-zag markings on the shell. Zebra mussels have led to dramatic loss in the native mussel population They also damage infrastructure such as docks, boats and any other solid surfaces

36 Save My Lake documentary

38 Forests are a major source of wealth for Canadians, providing economic, social and environmental benefits. In 2013, production in the forest sector contributed $19.8 billion to Canada s real gross domestic product(gdp).

39 Commercial Forests have trees that can be harvested profitably. Found in warm wet areas where trees grow quickly. Usually close to transportation routes. Non-commercial forests are unlikely to be cut down for industrial use. Found in the North and in areas where temperature and precipitation levels are too low to allow trees to grow quickly. Usually too far from transportation routes to be economical. ACTIVITY Complete a map of Canada s forest regions, with a legend (example map on p. 301). On the back (or on a separate piece of paper, write down 2-3 notes about each forest region (information found on p

40 There are three distinct methods of harvesting Canada s trees: Clear-cutting: It is fast and cheap. Loggers remove every tree and leave a barren landscape behind. Northern forests are cut in this manner. The area is then replanted. Shelterwood logging: Involves clear-cutting part of an old-growth forest. This is used where trees will regenerate naturally after openings in the forest are created (no major replanting required) Selective cutting: harvesting only mature trees of the desired size, type or quality. Much less disruptive to the forest environment. Hardwoods (like sugar maple) are cut in this manner. It is costly and does not allow the replanting of a new uniform forest.

41 Acid precipitation caused by factory emissions in central Canada (Ontario) and the Eastern US. Insect Pests there are different pests in different regions of Canada. As temperatures increase, some species have spread to different regions Forest Fires On average 9500 fires burn 3 million hectares of forest in Canada every year. About 48% of all forest fires in Canada are caused by lightning. About 52% of forest fires are caused by people.

42 Canada s forests cannot be seen as a limitless source of jobs and profits for corporations and governments. On the other hand, so many people rely on the forests for jobs, so it is not realistic to think that forests should be left in their natural state no matter what. Competing interests need to agree to use the forests in a variety of ways that are not in conflict. Assignment: Read the questions on p You may see them again but when?

44 Mineral naturally occurring, pure, non-living substance found in the rocks of the earth. Canada s valuable minerals: Metallic minerals Fossil fuels Industrial minerals Metallic minerals and fossil fuels are the two most important categories.

45 Some are rare and attractive: gold, silver, platinum, etc. Some are valued for their strength: iron Some are valued for particular properties: copper (electronics), nickel (used in production of steel)

46 These include coal, oil and natural gas. They have provided most of the energy for society over the past 200 years.

47 Examples include: Asbestos - fire retardant Potash fertilizer Gypsum used in making drywall Soapstone used in sculpture Diamond used in cutting tools and jewelry Gravel used in making cement

48 Employment: Approximately 375,000 people across Canada work in the mining and mineral processing industries. Mining is the largest private sector employer of Aboriginal peoples in Canada. Canada has one of the largest mining supply sectors globally with more than 3,700 companies supplying engineering, geotechnical, environmental, financial and other services to mining operations. Economy: Mining contributed $57 billion to Canada s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2014.

49 Canada is one of the largest mining nations in the world producing more than 60 minerals and metals. Canada ranks in the top five countries in the global production of 14 major minerals and metals: 1. First in potash 2. Second in uranium and niobium 3. Third in cobalt, aluminum, tungsten and platinum group metals 4. Fourth in nickel, salt, sulphur and titanium 5. Fifth in diamonds, cadmium and gold Source: Facts & Figures 2015 (Mining Association of Canada)

50 In order to effectively mine an area, certain other things need to be developed, such as transportation of the ore, mills for processing the ore, power and water for the mining effort and housing, etc. for the workers. Depending on the depth of the ore deposit either strip, open pit or underground mining is used. (Read over p. 324 and 325). -impact on environment?

51 Negative impact on the environment Issues of abandoned mines Changing demand in other counties can affect Canada s mining industry Highest-quality reserves are being exhausted. Newer mineral deposits are being found in counties with cheaper production costs Mining towns are completely dependent on mines for their continued existence (think District 12 in the Hunger Games)

54 Canada is the largest or second largest per capita user of energy in the world. Why? Northern climate with cold temperatures most of the year Small population spread thinly over a large land area lots of energy used for transportation Advanced industrial economy uses a great deal of energy Energy is cheap here, so we tend to waste it

55 Canada s energy sources can be divided into two categories: 1. Conventional energy sources: oil, gas, coal, hydro, nuclear electricity 2. Alternative energy sources: solar, wind, biomass energy

56 The Creation of Oil and Gas Searching for Oil and Gas Drilling for Oil and Gas Recovering Oil and Gas Sources of Canada s Oil and Gas

57 Hydro-Electricity Advantages/Disadvantages Thermal-Electricity Advantages/Disadvantages Nuclear-Electricity Advantages/Disadvantages Electrical Production Getting Electricity to Market

58 Trade in Electricity Trade in Natural Gas Trade in Oil

water, forestry, fossil fuels, metallic and non-metallic minerals

water, forestry, fossil fuels, metallic and non-metallic minerals Faith / spirituality (water baptisms, FNMI water stories, etc) Sustains us / necessary for life Sanitation Transportation (canoe, boat,