The diagram shows some of the substances used and produced at a cement works. . Write the correct number in the box to complete each sentence.

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Amie Shaw
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Q. A limestone quarry is in an area of natural beauty and near several villages. The company operating the quarry wants planning permission to build a new cement works in the quarry.

1 Q. A limestone quarry is in an area of natural beauty and near several villages. The company operating the quarry wants planning permission to build a new cement works in the quarry. The diagram shows some of the substances used and produced at a cement works. (a) Limestone is mainly calcium carbonate, CaCO 3. Write the correct number in the box to complete each sentence. (i) The formula shows that calcium carbonate, CaCO 3, contains different elements. () Calcium carbonate, CaCO 3, contains a total number of atoms. () (b) The company wants the new cement works because the nearest cement works is 00 km from the quarry. The company argues that a new cement works sited inside the quarry would reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Suggest why the new cement works might reduce carbon dioxide emissions () Page of 3

2 (c) Residents from the villages near the quarry are concerned that there will be atmospheric pollution from the new cement works. (i) Name and explain how one of the emissions from the chimney causes atmospheric pollution. Name of emission:... Explanation:... Suggest what the company could do to reduce this atmospheric pollution. () (Total 6 marks) Page of 3

Q. Bags of readi-to-mix concrete contain three ingredients. Readi-to-mix Concrete contains cement crushed rock sand Complete each sentence by choosing the correct words from the box.

3 Q. Bags of readi-to-mix concrete contain three ingredients. Readi-to-mix Concrete contains cement crushed rock sand Complete each sentence by choosing the correct words from the box. clay limestone salt slaked lime water Cement is made by heating... and... in a rotary kiln. To make concrete, the contents of the bag of readi-to-mix concrete must be mixed with.... (Total 3 marks) Q3. Portland cement was invented by Joseph Aspdin, a builder from Leeds. The flow diagram shows how cement is made. (a) What are the two raw materials used to make cement? () Page 3 of 3

4 (b) Cement is mixed with three substances to make concrete. Choose from the list the three substances used. crushed rock iron ore quicklime sand slag soda water (3) (Total 4 marks) Q4. Portland cement was invented by Joseph Aspdin, a builder from Leeds. The flow diagram shows how cement is made. (a) (i) Name the raw material X used to make cement.... () In the kiln the raw materials are heated to about 500 C. The limestone (calcium carbonate) is broken down at this temperature. Complete the word equation for this reaction. calcium carbonate... + carbon dioxide () (iii) Suggest one major cost of this process other than the cost of the raw materials.... () (b) Cement can be used to make concrete. Name two substances that must be mixed with cement to make concrete (Total 5 marks) Page 4 of 3

5 Q5. Limestone contains calcium carbonate. (a) Calcium carbonate has the formula CaCO 3. Complete the sentence by writing in the correct numbers. The formula of calcium carbonate is made up of calcium atom,... carbon atom(s) and... oxygen atom(s). (b) When limestone is heated it forms two other compounds. (i) State one safety precaution that you should take when heating limestone. () Name the white solid produced. () (iii) Why does a piece of limestone lose mass as it is heated? () (d) A company wants to quarry limestone. There are some houses near the quarry. Residents in the houses say that they do not want a quarry next to them. Page 5 of 3

6 (i) Suggest two reasons why they do not want the quarry next to them Suggest one possible benefit to the residents of having a quarry near their houses. () (Total 8 marks) Q6. Limestone has been called the Earth s most useful rock. (a) Limestone contains calcium carbonate, CaCO 3. (i) Complete the table to show the number of atoms of each element in the formula of calcium carbonate. Calcium has been done for you. Element Number of atoms in the formula CaCO 3 Calcium, Ca Carbon, C Oxygen, O Page 6 of 3

7 The diagram below represents a carbon atom. Use words from the box to label the parts of this atom. bond electron molecule nucleus (b) At a cement works, limestone is mixed with clay and heated in a kiln. Use the information in the diagram to answer these questions. (i) Name the fuel that is used to heat the limestone and clay. () Page 7 of 3

8 Limestone contains calcium carbonate, CaCO 3. Draw a ring around the correct gas in the box to complete the sentence. The gas formed when calcium carbonate decomposes is argon. carbon dioxide. nitrogen. () (c) The cement works starts to burn a different fuel. Local residents are concerned because more children are suffering asthma attacks. Residents have also noticed that parked cars are becoming dirty because of smoke particles from the chimney. The table shows the possible medical risk from smoke particles. Particle size in mm Larger than 0.4 Medical effect No medical risks known 0.3 and smaller Causes asthma attacks 0. and smaller May cause cancer (i) Give two reasons why local residents are concerned about the cement works burning a different fuel Page 8 of 3

9 The company operating the cement works stated that smoke particles from the chimney had not changed since it started burning the different fuel. If you were a local resident, what evidence would you like to see to help you decide if the company s statement is true or not? (Total 0 marks) Q7. Limestone is an important raw material. (a) The main compound in limestone has the formula CaCO 3. Name the elements in this compound (b) Limestone has many uses. Select from the list below two important materials made from limestone. cement diesel oil glass poly(ethene) sodium hydroxide sulphuric acid... and... Page 9 of 3

10 (c) The diagram shows a lime kiln. The limestone is heated by the burning coal. (i) Suggest why hot air is blown into the lime kiln... () Give two reasons why carbon dioxide is produced in the lime kiln. Reason.... Reason.... (d) (i) Quicklime (calcium oxide) can be converted to slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) by adding water. Write a word equation to represent this reaction () Why do farmers sometimes add slaked lime to acidic soil? () (Total 9 marks) Page 0 of 3

Q8. Limestone and the products of limestone have many uses. (a) Limestone is quarried. Quarrying limestone has impacts that cause environmental problems.

11 Q8. Limestone and the products of limestone have many uses. (a) Limestone is quarried. Quarrying limestone has impacts that cause environmental problems. Tick ( ) two impacts that cause environmental problems. Impact of quarrying Tick ( ) Puts off tourists Causes dust pollution Increases jobs Increases traffic (b) Limestone contains calcium carbonate, CaCO 3. When it is heated calcium carbonate produces calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. The word equation for this reaction is: calcium carbonate calcium oxide + carbon dioxide (i) Complete the sentence. The reaction when calcium carbonate is heated is called thermal... () 00 g of calcium carbonate was heated and produced 56 g of calcium oxide. Calculate the mass of carbon dioxide produced g () Page of 3

12 (c) The flow chart shows the stages in the limestone cycle. Complete the names of the calcium compounds formed in the flow chart. (Total 6 marks) Page of 3

13 Q9. Limestone contains calcium carbonate, CaCO 3 (a) The flow chart shows the stages in the limestone cycle. Write the name of the correct calcium compound in each empty box to complete the flow chart. (3) (b) Limestone is heated with clay to make cement. Cement is mixed with sand to make mortar. A student investigated the strength of six mortar mixtures. Each mortar mixture contained 00cm 3 cement but each contained a different volume of sand. Page 3 of 3

14 To do the investigation the student: added and stirred water into each mortar mixture put each mixture into the same sized moulds left each mixture to set hard dropped a metal ball from increasing heights until the mortar cracked recorded the results in a table. Volume of sand in cm 3 Volume of cement in cm 3 Height the metal ball was dropped from to crack the mortar in cm (i) What happens to the strength of the mortar as the volume of sand increases?... () The student was worried about an anomalous result. Which result was anomalous? Volume of sand =... cm 3 Explain why you have chosen this result Page 4 of 3

15 (c) The student repeated the investigation but used six concrete mixtures. From the results the student concluded correctly that concrete was stronger than mortar. Suggest one reason why concrete is stronger than mortar () (Total 7 marks) Q0. Limestone contains calcium carbonate, CaCO 3. At a cement works, limestone is mixed with clay and heated in a kiln. (a) (i) When methane is burned in this process the waste gases contain carbon dioxide and nitrogen. Explain why. Complete the symbol equation for the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate. CaCO Page 5 of 3

16 (b) A different fuel is burnt at the cement works. Suggest one reason the company may give for using this different fuel at the cement works () (c) The cement works continue to burn the different fuel. Local residents are concerned because more children are suffering asthma attacks. Residents have also noticed that parked cars are becoming dirty because of smoke particles from the chimney. The table shows the possible medical risk from smoke particles. Particle size in mm Larger than 0.4 Medical effect No medical risks known 0.3 and smaller Causes asthma attacks 0. and smaller May cause cancer It is also recommended that to avoid damage to health, the concentration of any particles should be no higher than parts per million (ppm). Scientists were brought in to monitor the emissions from the cement work s chimney. They positioned four sensors around the cement works to monitor airborne smoke particles. These four sensors only detect particle sizes larger than 0.5 mm and measure the concentration of particles in ppm. The scientists reported that the particle sensors showed that the average concentration of particles was.8 ppm. The scientists concluded that there was no risk to health. Page 6 of 3

17 (i) Explain why the local residents objected to the positions of the four sensors. What evidence did the scientists use to conclude that there was no risk to health? () (iii) The local residents were still concerned that there was a risk to health, even though the average concentration of particles was.8 ppm. Explain why. (3) (Total marks) Q. (a) Limestone is a hard rock that is used as a building material. Limestone was used by the Egyptians to make plaster. Reaction calcium carbonate, CaCO 3, was decomposed by heating limestone CaCO 3 CaO + CO Reaction water was added to the solid produced to make slaked lime CaO + H O Ca(OH) Reaction 3 a mixture of slaked lime and water was used as plaster. After the plaster had set it became even harder with age Ca(OH) + CO CaCO 3 + H O Page 7 of 3

18 (i) Name the solid formed when calcium carbonate decomposed. () Use the reactions to explain how the plaster became even harder with age. (3) Page 8 of 3

19 (b) A gardener wanted to make a step up to his greenhouse door. He decided to use a mixture of cement and sand to make mortar. He experimented using mixtures with different cement to sand ratios. The mortar mixtures were put in the same sized mould. Each mortar mixture was allowed to set hard. He then dropped a metal ball from increasing heights until the set mortar cracked. He recorded his results in a table. Volume of sand in cm 3 Volume of cement in cm 3 Height the metal ball dropped to crack the set mortar in cm (i) What is the relationship between the volume of sand and the strength of the mortar? () The gardener was not sure about some of his results. Use the results to explain why. (Total 7 marks) Page 9 of 3

20 Q. Limestone is mainly calcium carbonate. (a) Quicklime is produced by heating limestone. (i) Complete the word equation for this reaction by writing the chemical name of the solid and the gas produced. calcium carbonate What is the name for this type of chemical reaction?... () (b) Quicklime is used in self-heating cans. The diagram shows a self-heating can designed to raise the temperature of coffee to 60 C. The button on the base of the can is pushed. The foil separator breaks, allowing water to mix with the quicklime. After about 3 minutes, the can is opened by the ring pull. Insulating materials are used inside the walls of the can to prevent either the lips or the fingers from being burned. (i) Explain why the coffee becomes hot Page 0 of 3

Suggest two reasons why it is not possible to re-use this self-heating can............. (Total 7 marks) Q3. Magnesium chloride is a useful salt. The flow diagram shows how it can be made.

21 Suggest two reasons why it is not possible to re-use this self-heating can (Total 7 marks) Q3. Magnesium chloride is a useful salt. The flow diagram shows how it can be made. (i) Describe how calcium hydroxide can be made from limestone Write a word equation for the neutralisation of magnesium hydroxide with a suitable acid to form magnesium chloride.... (Total 4 marks) Page of 3

22 M. (a) (i) 3 / three 5 / five (b) any one from: less / no transport accept less / no distance less / no (fossil) fuel used ignore references to carbon dioxide / carbon emissions (c) (i) carbon dioxide / CO for a correct emission (causes) global warming / climate change / greenhouse gas explanation must be correct for named emission ignore ozone layer or (cement) particles / smoke () (causes) asthma / dust / (global) dimming () accept breathing problems or sulfur dioxide / SO / nitrogen oxides / NO x () (causes) acid rain () do not accept nitrogen or water vapour for emissions do not accept no named emission absorb / trap / capture / filter / pass through water / scrub / electrostatic attraction ignore condense / off setting / different fuel [6] Page of 3

23 M. clay limestone water [3] M3. (a) limestone clay both for mark (b) water sand crushed rock for mark each [4] M4. (a) (i) clay for one mark (iii) calcium oxide / quicklime / CaO for one mark sensible answers such as cost of fuel etc. / accept a wide range of appropriate answers for one mark 3 (b) sand gravel (owtte) e.g. crushed rock water any two for mark each [5] M5. (a) / one 3 / three Page 3 of 3

24 (b) (i) (wear safety) glasses / masks / gloves accept do not handle hot objects / use tongs or accept other safety points such as, tie hair back (iii) calcium oxide accept quicklime carbon dioxide / CO is given off accept a gas is given off (d) (i) any two from: dust / atmospheric pollution noise eyesore destroys habitats (extra) traffic any other named pollution or description of pollution any one from: employment increases local trade / makes money future development of quarry recreation / park / lake / reservoir do not accept cheaper houses / land / new roads [8] M6. (a) (i) 3 nucleus electron Page 4 of 3

25 (b) (i) methane / CH 4 accept natural gas ignore air do not allow other gases carbon dioxide (c) (i) any two from: medical risks asthma cancer dirt causes global warming / global dimming / greenhouse effect / acid rain ignore death accept effect on health accept difficulty breathing/ lung disease allow smoke particles allow harmful for the environment any two from: have a test done / scientific evidence independent (evidence) comparison of smoke particles / when different fuels used medical evidence or more / less asthma attacks or cancer or dirt on cars [0] M7. (a) calcium carbon oxygen correct for mark 3 correct for marks (b) cement glass each for mark Page 5 of 3

26 (c) (i) allows coal to bum / flushes out CO for mark produced by burning coal produced by decomposition of limestone each for mark (d) (i) calcium oxide + water calcium hydroxide or quicklime + water slaked lime for mark (allow composite equation from these two) to neutralise it / because it is alkaline or basic for mark [9] M8. (a) causes dust pollution increases traffic (b) (i) decomposition 44(g) (c) (calcium) hydroxide (calcium) carbonate substances must be in the order shown [6] M9. (a) calcium oxide calcium hydroxide calcium carbonate substances must be in the order shown Page 6 of 3

27 (b) (i) strength of mortar decreases (as volume of sand increases) 400 (cm 3 ) any one from: 37cm is an anomalous result/should be 4cm most results/pattern change by 6cm (c) contains aggregate accept bonding is stronger [7] M0. (a) (i) oxygen / air reacts with carbon / methane (to form carbon dioxide) accept from the decomposition / reaction of calcium carbonate ignore CO from the air nitrogen is (unreacted) from the air CaO CO any order ignore words any incorrect balancing max mark (b) any one from: more energy / efficient allow converse for present fuel from a sustainable / renewable resource produces less / no carbon dioxide / greenhouse gases / global warming ignore no pollution / environmental damage more profit or money for local economy accept fuel is cheap(er) more readily available it = different fuel Page 7 of 3

28 (c) (i) any two from: not near where people / residents live accept not between cement works and where people live ignore sensors are unsightly not positioned where concentration of particles was likely to be highest not positioned downwind the average / concentration was.8(ppm) or the average / concentration was below (ppm) accept.8(ppm) is less than.0 (ppm) (iii) any three from: children / people suffering asthma attacks result was an average readings (at some (/3) sensors) could have been higher than ppm sensors did not detect particles below 0.5mm small particles / particles below 0.5mm / 0.4mm / 0.3mm / 0.mm could (still) cause cancer / asthma ignore global dimming or cars becoming dirty or position of sensors 3 [] M. (a) (i) calcium oxide / quicklime allow calcium monoxide do not accept calcium dioxide ignore chemical formulae Page 8 of 3

29 any three from: carbon dioxide / CO (carbon dioxide) reacts (with the calcium hydroxide / slaked lime / plaster) allow reaction 3 identified do not allow incorrect reaction ignore mixes, unless they state the correct product limestone / calcium carbonate / CaCO 3 forms allow marble / chalk water is lost / evaporates it = plaster allow moisture ignore dries (b) (i) as the amount / volume of sand decreases the strength of the mortar increases accept as sand decreases the mortar is stronger / harder to crack allow as sand decreases the mortar increases allow converse ignore references to height of metal ball 3 any two from: 400 / 5 th result is anomalous accept two results (36 and 37 / 400 and 500 / 4 th and 5 th ) are almost the same accept result at 400 should be 4 the interval between the others is similar or the interval is about 6/7 allow the other results fit a pattern / are on a straight line he has only one set of results allow he has only done it once ignore reliable [7] M. (a) (i) calcium oxide / CaO carbon dioxide / CO products can be in either order ignore chemical names other than calcium oxide or carbon dioxide Page 9 of 3

30 (thermal) decomposition accept endothermic (b) (i) (chemical) reaction / react accept calcium hydroxide / slaked lime produced ignore incorrect products energy / heat released / exothermic ignore gets hot / heats up if neither mark awarded then allow mixing the chemicals heats up the coffee for mark any two from: foil has been broken(*) ring pull used(*) (*)if neither mark awarded accept cannot / difficult to repair for mark ignore button pushed quicklime and / or water mixed / reacted accept reaction not reversible accept cannot / difficult to replace quicklime / water / chemicals [7] M3. (a) (i) heat (the limestone) accept decompose limestone accept heat with coke add water / slake dependent on st mark unless they say add water to the calcium oxide magnesium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid magnesium chloride + water / H O mark for each side of the equation (if a symbol equation is given then give mark for correct formulae (all) and mark for balancing) [4] Page 30 of 3

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Chemistry CH1FP. (Jun15CH1FP01) General Certificate of Secondary Education Foundation Tier June Unit Chemistry C1. Unit Chemistry C1 TOTAL

Chemistry CH1FP. (Jun15CH1FP01) General Certificate of Secondary Education Foundation Tier June Unit Chemistry C1. Unit Chemistry C1 TOTAL Centre Number Surname Candidate Number For Examiner s Use Other Names Candidate Signature Examiner s Initials Question Mark Science A Unit Chemistry C1 Chemistry Unit Chemistry C1 Tuesday 9 June 2015 General